1,720,962 research outputs found
Angkorian Founders and Bronze Casting Skills: First Technical Investigation of the West Mebon Visnu
No full textAzéma Aurélia, Baptiste Pierre, Bassett Jane, Bewer Francesca G., Boulton Ann, Bourgarit David, Castelle Manon, Garenne-Marot Laurence, Samnang Huot, Lambert Elsa, La Niece Susan, Maish Jeff, Mechling Mathilde, Mille B., Robcis Dominique, Strahan Donna K., Texier Annick, Vincent Brice, Warren Jeremy, Weinryb Ittai, Welter Jean-Marie. Angkorian Founders and Bronze Casting Skills: First Technical Investigation of the West Mebon Visnu. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Tome 104, 2018. pp. 303-341
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Fabrication processes of large bronze statues in France 1540-1660
No full textA partir de la fin de l’Antiquité, les grands bronzessont peu à peu délaissés puis abandonnés. Il faudra attendre laseconde moitié du XVIème siècle pour voir réapparaître dans lepaysage artistique français, sous François Ier, de grandsensembles statuaires en bronze. Au coeur de ce phénomène, latechnique tient un rôle majeur et suscite plusieursinterrogations. D’abord, se pose pour cette période la questionde l’existence ou non d’une identité technique des bronzesfrançais. L’exécution d’une statue en bronze implique denombreuses étapes qui conduisent du modèle à saretranscription dans le métal. Peut-on reconnaître dans cesétapes et dans les manières de les aborder une certaine unitétechnique qui marquerait la seconde moitié du XVIème siècle,voire le début du XVIIème en France ? Inversement, remarqueton dès cette période de réintroduction différentes écolesregroupant certains sculpteurs, fondeurs, ateliers, voire liées àcertains chantiers particuliers ? Par ailleurs, la réapparition dessavoir-faire associés à la statuaire en bronze pose la questiondes origines. D’où viennent ces techniques soi-disant oubliées :d’autres centres européens, de pratiques de fonderie concernantd’autres types de production ?Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes attachés à apporterdes éléments de réponse à ces différentes interrogations. Pource faire, des études technologiques ont été menées sur troisgrands ensembles marquant cette période de renouveau dansl’art du bronze : les copies en bronze de marbres antiques parPrimatice, les Vertus du monument funéraire d’Henri II et deCatherine de Médicis, les Allégories du monument de coeurd’Anne de Montmorency.Pour compléter ce corpus, des éléments isolés ont été étudiés :la Diane chasseresse de Barthélémy Prieur, l’Apollon duBelvédère, le Gladiateur Borghèse et la Vénus Médicisattribués à Hubert le Sueur. L’objectif a été de tenter de révélerprocédés, matériaux et savoir-faire engagés, complétant ainsiles données fournies par les documents d’archives quiaccompagnent ces commandes prestigieuses. La stratégied’étude employée a bénéficié de l’expérience des travauxentrepris ces trente dernières années. Des développementsméthodologiques ont néanmoins été nécessaires pour compléterles possibilités offertes par l’étude technologique de la statuaireen bronze. Ces développements ont en particulier concerné lesnoyaux de fonderie, ces matériaux employés pour réaliser desstatues creuses. Les résultats obtenus montrent que lespremières décennies de réappropriation de la grande statuaireen bronze sont marquées par l’emploi d’un même procédé àl’épargné qui trouve racine dans les procédés employés auMoyen-âge pour la fonte de cloches ou de canons par exemple.Mais dés le XVIIème siècle, le monopole de ce procédé sembleêtre mis à mal, preuve sans doute d’une émancipation desfondeurs et d’une innovation constante. Parallèlement à cesphénomènes dont les conséquences marquent la fonte statuaireen général, les sculpteurs, les fondeurs, développent dans leursateliers des savoir-faire personnels et innovent au cas par cas,selon la nature des commandes qu’ils reçoivent.At the end of Antiquity, the manufacture of largebronzes is progressively abandoned. It reappears during the16th century in France, under the reign of Francis I, after morethan a millennium of quasi absence. At the heart of thisphenomenon, casting techniques play a major role and raisesseveral questions. First, the technical identity of large bronzescasted during this period must be investigated. Indeed, castinga statue involves numerous steps, from the model to the finalform in bronze: are those technical steps identifiable throughthe bronze statues characteristics? Are those featurescharacteristic of the craftsmanship of 16th century? Second,can we identify particular ways of bronze crafting associatedwith different schools, composed by sculptors and, or, foundrymen? The origins of technical skills are also to be questioned,especially the provenance of forgotten techniques: Europeanneighborhood or influence of metallurgical techniquesassociated to other kind of objects?In order to answer those questions, technical studies have beencarried out. A representative body of statues has beeninvestigated: the bronze copies of antique marble statues byPrimaticcio at the Fontainebleau palace, the Virtues and theroyal praying statues from the funerary monument of Henry IIand Catherine de’ Medici and the three Personifications thatdecorate the hearth monument of Constable Anne deMontmorency. Several isolated statues have also been studiedin order to complete the body of statues: Diana the huntress byBarthélémy Prieur, Borghese Gladiator and Apollo Belvedereattributed to Hubert le Sueur.This work aims at revealing the processes, materials andknowhow involved for each steps of bronze statuesmanufacture, in order to complete the data extracted fromarchive documents associated to those prestigious royalcommissions. The employed methodology is based on theexperience on this field of research acquired since threedecades by researchers all over the world. New developmentshave also been made to improve technological studies, such asan innovative approach for the characterization of castingcores. . Data obtained from the investigated body of statuesreveal that during the first decades of the 16th century, aspecific casting technique has been used: a spare process. Thisprocess has been strongly influenced by techniques steamingfrom the late Middle-age and the early modern period. Indeed,it exhibits technical similarities with bell and canon casting.However, the uniqueness of this process is challenged by theemergence, during the 17th century, of a second technique,namely the slush process. Emancipation of foundry-men fromthe main stream technique, and will of innovation mightexplain this change of process. Simultaneously to thosetechnical evolutions, sculptors and foundry-men developspecific skills and knowhow that influence the characteristicsof their bronze statues. Moreover, case to case adaptation alsoappears to influence the bronze statues characteristicsaccording to the kind of commission charged by the craftsme
Les techniques de fabrication de la grande statuaire en bronze 1540-1660 en France
Get PDFAt the end of Antiquity, the manufacture of largebronzes is progressively abandoned. It reappears during the16th century in France, under the reign of Francis I, after morethan a millennium of quasi absence. At the heart of thisphenomenon, casting techniques play a major role and raisesseveral questions. First, the technical identity of large bronzescasted during this period must be investigated. Indeed, castinga statue involves numerous steps, from the model to the finalform in bronze: are those technical steps identifiable throughthe bronze statues characteristics? Are those featurescharacteristic of the craftsmanship of 16th century? Second,can we identify particular ways of bronze crafting associatedwith different schools, composed by sculptors and, or, foundrymen? The origins of technical skills are also to be questioned,especially the provenance of forgotten techniques: Europeanneighborhood or influence of metallurgical techniquesassociated to other kind of objects?In order to answer those questions, technical studies have beencarried out. A representative body of statues has beeninvestigated: the bronze copies of antique marble statues byPrimaticcio at the Fontainebleau palace, the Virtues and theroyal praying statues from the funerary monument of Henry IIand Catherine de’ Medici and the three Personifications thatdecorate the hearth monument of Constable Anne deMontmorency. Several isolated statues have also been studiedin order to complete the body of statues: Diana the huntress byBarthélémy Prieur, Borghese Gladiator and Apollo Belvedereattributed to Hubert le Sueur.This work aims at revealing the processes, materials andknowhow involved for each steps of bronze statuesmanufacture, in order to complete the data extracted fromarchive documents associated to those prestigious royalcommissions. The employed methodology is based on theexperience on this field of research acquired since threedecades by researchers all over the world. New developmentshave also been made to improve technological studies, such asan innovative approach for the characterization of castingcores. . Data obtained from the investigated body of statuesreveal that during the first decades of the 16th century, aspecific casting technique has been used: a spare process. Thisprocess has been strongly influenced by techniques steamingfrom the late Middle-age and the early modern period. Indeed,it exhibits technical similarities with bell and canon casting.However, the uniqueness of this process is challenged by theemergence, during the 17th century, of a second technique,namely the slush process. Emancipation of foundry-men fromthe main stream technique, and will of innovation mightexplain this change of process. Simultaneously to thosetechnical evolutions, sculptors and foundry-men developspecific skills and knowhow that influence the characteristicsof their bronze statues. Moreover, case to case adaptation alsoappears to influence the bronze statues characteristicsaccording to the kind of commission charged by the craftsmenA partir de la fin de l’Antiquité, les grands bronzessont peu à peu délaissés puis abandonnés. Il faudra attendre laseconde moitié du XVIème siècle pour voir réapparaître dans lepaysage artistique français, sous François Ier, de grandsensembles statuaires en bronze. Au coeur de ce phénomène, latechnique tient un rôle majeur et suscite plusieursinterrogations. D’abord, se pose pour cette période la questionde l’existence ou non d’une identité technique des bronzesfrançais. L’exécution d’une statue en bronze implique denombreuses étapes qui conduisent du modèle à saretranscription dans le métal. Peut-on reconnaître dans cesétapes et dans les manières de les aborder une certaine unitétechnique qui marquerait la seconde moitié du XVIème siècle,voire le début du XVIIème en France ? Inversement, remarqueton dès cette période de réintroduction différentes écolesregroupant certains sculpteurs, fondeurs, ateliers, voire liées àcertains chantiers particuliers ? Par ailleurs, la réapparition dessavoir-faire associés à la statuaire en bronze pose la questiondes origines. D’où viennent ces techniques soi-disant oubliées :d’autres centres européens, de pratiques de fonderie concernantd’autres types de production ?Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes attachés à apporterdes éléments de réponse à ces différentes interrogations. Pource faire, des études technologiques ont été menées sur troisgrands ensembles marquant cette période de renouveau dansl’art du bronze : les copies en bronze de marbres antiques parPrimatice, les Vertus du monument funéraire d’Henri II et deCatherine de Médicis, les Allégories du monument de coeurd’Anne de Montmorency.Pour compléter ce corpus, des éléments isolés ont été étudiés :la Diane chasseresse de Barthélémy Prieur, l’Apollon duBelvédère, le Gladiateur Borghèse et la Vénus Médicisattribués à Hubert le Sueur. L’objectif a été de tenter de révélerprocédés, matériaux et savoir-faire engagés, complétant ainsiles données fournies par les documents d’archives quiaccompagnent ces commandes prestigieuses. La stratégied’étude employée a bénéficié de l’expérience des travauxentrepris ces trente dernières années. Des développementsméthodologiques ont néanmoins été nécessaires pour compléterles possibilités offertes par l’étude technologique de la statuaireen bronze. Ces développements ont en particulier concerné lesnoyaux de fonderie, ces matériaux employés pour réaliser desstatues creuses. Les résultats obtenus montrent que lespremières décennies de réappropriation de la grande statuaireen bronze sont marquées par l’emploi d’un même procédé àl’épargné qui trouve racine dans les procédés employés auMoyen-âge pour la fonte de cloches ou de canons par exemple.Mais dés le XVIIème siècle, le monopole de ce procédé sembleêtre mis à mal, preuve sans doute d’une émancipation desfondeurs et d’une innovation constante. Parallèlement à cesphénomènes dont les conséquences marquent la fonte statuaireen général, les sculpteurs, les fondeurs, développent dans leursateliers des savoir-faire personnels et innovent au cas par cas,selon la nature des commandes qu’ils reçoivent
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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