15 research outputs found
Accelerated Analysis of the Electrochemical Production Route for Biomass-derived Adiponitrile
No full textElectrochemical transformation of biomass feedstocks offers a promising route for sustainable production of fuels and chemicals, enhancing integration with renewable energy sources. Adiponitrile, a key intermediate in Nylon 6,6 production, is mainly produced through thermochemical processes or methods relying fossil fuel feedstocks. Alternatively, it can be produced through Kolbe coupling of biomass-derived 3-cyanopropanoic acid, with its practical implementation hinging on understanding and controlling factors that dictate reaction selectivity. In this study, we establish relationships between electrolyte composition, electrochemical conditions, and performance metrics in this approach, achieving a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 40% towards adiponitrile at current densities up to 500 mA cm-2. Implementing a semi- autonomous high-throughput electrochemical workflow, we tested hundreds of reaction conditions, accelerating the exploration of reaction parameters. Limitations and guidelines obtained from this study apply to a range of electrochemical decarboxylation reactions, and the accelerated research approach shows potential for speeding the development of sustainable electrochemical processes
Practice-oriented controversies and borrowed epistemic credibility in current evolutionary biology: phylogeography as a case study
No full textAlthough there is increasing recognition that theory and practice in science are intimately intertwined, philosophy of science perspectives on scientific controversies have been historically focused on theory rather than practice. As a step in the construction of frameworks for understanding controversies linked to scientific practices, here we introduce the notion of borrowed epistemic credibility (BEC), to describe the situation in which scientists, in order to garner support for their own stances, exploit similarities between tenets in their own field and accepted statements or positions properly developed within other areas of expertise. We illustrate the scope of application of our proposal with the analysis of a heavily methods-grounded, recent controversy in phylogeography, a biological subdiscipline concerned with the study of the historical causes of biogeographical variation through population genetics- and phylogenetics-based computer analyses of diversity in DNA sequences, both within species and between closely related taxa. Toward this end, we briefly summarize the arguments proposed by selected authors representing each side of the controversy: the ‘nested clade analysis’ school versus the ‘statistical phylogeography’ orientation. We claim that whereas both phylogeographic ‘research styles’ borrow epistemic credibility from sources such as formal logic, the familiarity of results from other scientific areas, the authority of prominent scientists, or the presumed superiority of quantitative vs. verbal reasoning, ‘theory’ plays essentially no role as a foundation of the controversy. Besides underscoring the importance of strictly methodological and other non-theoretical aspects of controversies in current evolutionary biology, our analysis suggests a perspective with potential usefulness for the re-examination of more general philosophy of biology issues, such as the nature of historical inference, rationality, justification, and objectivity
Important skills for Taiwanese hospitality and tourism graduates as perceived by hospitality educators and human resources managers
No full textPlan AThe rapid growth of the hospitality and tourism industry in Taiwan has created an increasing demand for hospitality labor. In response to the increased demand of employees, the hospitality and tourism programs in Taiwan R.O.C. are racing to keep pace with the industry. As a result, issues regarding the quality of graduates and their value to Taiwan hospitality industry have emerged. The primary focus of this descriptive study was to identify the competencies needed by university and college students from hospitality and tourism programs. The study utilized hospitality educators and hotel human resource managers in Taiwan to analyze the required competencies and measure potential differences between the two populations. The target population included 15 hospitality program directors and 55 human resource managers of international tourist hotels in Taiwan. A total of 53 questionnaires were returned with a 75.7% response rate. The findings of this study revealed that both human resource managers and hospitality program directors perceived that people skills were more important and conceptual skills and operational skills were less important. The hospitality educators emphasized conceptual skills over human resource managers. It seems that educators and hotel human resource managers with different educational backgrounds had similar perceptions of what was regarded as important skills. Those respondents that had a higher educational background perceived that managerial skills and personal characteristics were more important overall. It is urgent to forge the gap between hospitality educators and hotel human resource staff in Taiwan. Hospitality education should always keep a relevant curriculum in order to meet the needs of this industry and the hospitality industry needs to share their experiences with educational institutions in the form of advisory boards, co-op field experience for students as well as intern programs. This study was representative of the phenomena of hospitality education and industry in Taiwan. Based on the differences of culture and the educational system, the study may not be generalized to other areas but could be replicated to areas with similar educational systems or cultural backgrounds
Practice-oriented controversies and borrowed epistemic support in current evolutionary biology: phylogeography as a case study.
No full textAlthough there is increasing recognition that theory and practice in science are often inseparably intertwined, discussions of scientific controversies often continue to focus on theory, and not practice or methodologies. As a contribution to constructing a framework towards understanding controversies linked to scientific practices, we introduce the notion of borrowed epistemic credibility (BEC), to describe the situation in which scientists exploit fallacious similarities between accepted tenets in other fields to garner support for a given position in their own field. Our proposal is based on the analysis of a recent controversy in phylogeography, a biological subdiscipline concerned with the study of the historical causes of variation in genetic diversity within species in concrete biogeographical locations. Through a review of the arguments that support the two conflicting phylogeographic schools, we show that ‘theory’ plays essentially no role as a foundation of the controversy, whereas both sides borrow epistemic credibility from sources such as formal logic, similarity of results to those in other scientific areas, the authority of prominent scientists, or the presumed superiority of quantitative vs. verbal reasoning. Our case study underscores the indivisibility of theory and practice and provide a means to re-examine important philosophical issues such as the meaning of inference, rationality, justification, and objectivity in scientific practice
Author Correction: Shape of (101955) Bennu indicative of a rubble pile with internal stiffness
No full textInternational audienc
Molecular basis of a novel pigment trait in cichlid fishes
No full textThe genetics underlying the evolution of novel morphological structures is a fascinating topic that has attracted the attention of many evolutionary biologists. Among the East African cichlid fauna, the haplochromines represent the most species-rich group. One of their characteristics is the occurrence of egg-spots on the anal fins of males, which mimic real eggs and play a crucial role in the breeding cycle of these maternal mouthbrooding fish. These yellow to orange egg-spots serve as intra-specific sexual advertisement to attract females and to maximize breeding success. They are a novel trait that emerged only once in the evolution of the haplochromine lineage. The main goal of this doctoral thesis was to deepen our understanding of the genetics and developmental basis of the emergence and diversification of egg-spots, an evolutionary novelty in East African cichlid fishes. Further understanding of the molecular basis novelty requires the identification of the genes and mutations that underlie these major phenotypic changes. Here we report the identification of two genes that are involved in the development of the egg-spot trait Ð fhl2a and fhl2b Ð and one possible cis-regulatory mutation in fhl2b that might have played a role in the emergence of the egg-spot trait. We further described many more candidate genes via an RNAseq survey of Astatotilapia burtoni (haplochromine species) egg-spot and anal fin transcriptome. We generated hypotheses about their possible function using Gene Ontology definitions and inter-species gene expression, establishing a database that will serve as an important resource and useful resource for future research on the emergence and diversification the egg-spot trait
Current therapy in oral and maxillofacial surgery /
No full textWritten by expert surgeons and educators, Current Therapy in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery covers the latest treatment strategies, surgical techniques, and potential complications in OMS. Emphasizing an evidence-based approach, it covers all 12 subspecialties of OMS, addressing topics from surgical principles to oral surgery, anesthesia, cranio-maxillofacial trauma surgery, head and neck surgery, maxillofacial reconstructive surgery, orthognathic surgery, pediatric craniofacial surgery including cleft lip and palate, temporomandibular joint disorders, facial plastic surgery including rhinoplasty and facelifts, obstructive sleep apnea, and oral and maxillofacial infections. At the end of each chapter, Pearls and Pitfalls summarize the authors' insight, recommendations, and experience on that topic. Editor Dr. Shahrokh Bagheri is a noted professor, researcher, and speaker on OMS, and he leads an expert author team including Dr. R. Bryan Bell and Dr. Husain Ali Khan to help you master and apply the latest advances in OMS. More than 1,200 full-color photos and 200 color line drawings illustrate concepts and provide visual guidance in clinical areas. Comprehensive sections and chapters represent essential topics, the newest advances, and controversial topics. Clinical coverage brings together the latest knowledge in OMS in a concise, easy-to-apply way. Resident-specific coverage describes the wide array of subspecialties and treatments available in the armamentarium of the modern OMS. A focus on complications ensures that you are knowledgeable in this important part of any therapy or surgical discipline. Expert contributors include the "best of the best," featuring leading, well-established, and respected surgeons and educators writing on their areas of specialty and providing current treatment strategies.Written by expert surgeons and educators, Current Therapy in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery covers the latest treatment strategies, surgical techniques, and potential complications in OMS. Emphasizing an evidence-based approach, it covers all 12 subspecialties of OMS, addressing topics from surgical principles to oral surgery, anesthesia, cranio-maxillofacial trauma surgery, head and neck surgery, maxillofacial reconstructive surgery, orthognathic surgery, pediatric craniofacial surgery including cleft lip and palate, temporomandibular joint disorders, facial plastic surgery including rhinoplasty and facelifts, obstructive sleep apnea, and oral and maxillofacial infections. At the end of each chapter, Pearls and Pitfalls summarize the authors' insight, recommendations, and experience on that topic. Editor Dr. Shahrokh Bagheri is a noted professor, researcher, and speaker on OMS, and he leads an expert author team including Dr. R. Bryan Bell and Dr. Husain Ali Khan to help you master and apply the latest advances in OMS. More than 1,200 full-color photos and 200 color line drawings illustrate concepts and provide visual guidance in clinical areas. Comprehensive sections and chapters represent essential topics, the newest advances, and controversial topics. Clinical coverage brings together the latest knowledge in OMS in a concise, easy-to-apply way. Resident-specific coverage describes the wide array of subspecialties and treatments available in the armamentarium of the modern OMS. A focus on complications ensures that you are knowledgeable in this important part of any therapy or surgical discipline. Expert contributors include the "best of the best," featuring leading, well-established, and respected surgeons and educators writing on their areas of specialty and providing current treatment strategies.Print version record.Includes bibliographical references and index.The history of oral and maxillofacial surgery / Lou S. Belinfante -- Wound healing: repair biology and wound and scar treatment / Anh D. Le, Jimmy James Brown -- Flap classification and principles of flap design for head and neck reconstruction / Andrew S. Salama -- Principles of repair and grafting of bone and cartilage / Tara L. Aghaloo, Alan L. Felsenfeld -- Burns of the head and neck / Nathan A. Kemalyan -- Endoscopic oral and maxillofacial surgery / Joseph P. McCain, King Kim -- Principles of microvascular surgery / Remy H. Blanchaert Jr. -- Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections in oral and maxillofacial surgery / Julie Ann Smith -- Tissue engineering / Miller H. Smith, Kenji Izumi, Stephen E. Feinberg -- Molecular biology of head and neck cancer: therapeutic implications / David K. Lam, Brian L. Schmidt -- Principles of distraction osteogenesis / Cesar A. Guerrero, Helen Rivera, Elena V. Mujica, Mariana Henriquez, Marianela Gonzalez -- Principles of implantology and osseointegration / Guillermo E. Chacon, Carlos M. Ugalde.Management of asymptomatic wisdom teeth: an evidence-based approach / Thomas B. Dodson -- Value of oral and maxillofacial surgeons: dentistry's liaisons to medicine and hospital care / Connie L. Drisko -- Removal of third molars / M.A. Pogrel -- Management of the impacted canine / Steven W. Beadnell -- Implants for orthodontic anchorage: temporary anchorage device / Joyce T. Lee -- Dental implant prosthetic rehabilitation: autogenous bone grafting for alveolar defects / Stephen A. Bankston -- Dental implant prosthetic rehabilitation: allogeneic grafting/bone graft substitutes in implant dentistry / Mark R. Stevens, Hany A. Emam -- Dental implant prosthetic rehabilitation: vertical distraction osteogenesis / Glen Maron -- Dental implant prosthetic rehabilitation: sinus grafting / Antwan L. Treadway, Stephen A. Bankston -- Reconstruction of the atrophic mandible / Michael S. Jaskolka, George H. Blakey III -- Zygoma implants in the compromised maxilla: their use in both atrophic and maxillectomy patients / Eric J. Dierks, Kenji W. Higuchi -- Efficacy of rhBMP-2 in association with dental implants / Robert Gilbert Triplett, Mark E. Wong -- Computer-assisted implant surgery / Edward R. Schlissel -- Management of the anticoagulated patient / Rabie M. Shanti, Shahid R. Aziz -- The preoperative cardiac evaluation / Heather B. Westmoreland, A. Maziar Zafari -- Management of the irradiated patient / Martin I. Salgueiro, Mark R. Stevens -- Management of trigeminal nerve injuries / Shahrokh C. Bagheri, Roger Albert Meyer.Outpatient intravenous sedation for oral surgery / Harry Papadopoulos -- Nonsurgical management of facial pain / Steven J. Scrivani, David A. Keith, Jennifer P. Bassiur, James A Kraus, Noshir R. Mehta -- The pharmacology of Ketamine and its use in outpatient anesthesia / Christopher T. Kirkup, Jeffrey Bennett -- Nerve damage in dentistry / M.A. Pogrel.The surgical airway / Timothy Marx Osborn, Eric J. Dierks -- Traumatic epistaxis / Michael M. Demo, Martin B. Steed -- Nasal fractures / Tirbod Fattahi -- Mandibular fractures / Stephen P.R. MacLeod -- Mandibular subcondylar fractures / Larry L. Cunningham, Jr., Aaron Sterling Card -- Orbital fractures / R. Bryan Bell, Saif S. Al-Bustani -- Zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures / Christopher John Haggerty, Nagi Demian, Jose M. Marchena -- Le Fort fractures / Zachary S. Peacock, Brian Thomas Bast -- Naso-orbito-ethmoid fractures / Mark Engelstad -- Frontal sinus fractures / Yoh Sawatari, Johanny Caceres -- Pan-facial trauma / Alan S. Herford -- Management of avulsive gunshot wounds to the face / Amir H. Dorafshar, Eduardo D. Rodriguez -- Secondary reconstruction of post-traumatic maxillomandibular deformities / Rabie M. Shanti, Shahid R. Aziz.Neck mass: diagnosis and management / Deepak Kademani, Meredith August -- Keratocystic odontogenic tumor / M.A. Pogrel -- Contemporary treatment of ameloblastoma / Deepak Kademani, David Michael Junck -- Jaw cysts, benign odontogenic tumors of the jaws, and fibro-osseous diseases / Robert E. Marx -- The central giant cell granuloma / M.A. Pogrel -- Oral squamous cell carcinoma: epidemiology, clinical and radiographic evaluation, and staging / Brent B. Ward, Fayette C. Williams -- Oral squamous cell carcinoma / David L. Hirsch, Michael J. Spink -- Oral squamous cell carcinoma: management of the neck / Tuan Giang Bui, R. Bryan Bell -- Indications for adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy / Robert Andrew Ord -- Salivary gland tumors: the parotid gland / Curtis Gregoire -- Minor salivary gland tumors / Antonia Kolokythas, Michael Miloro -- Management of head and neck sarcoma / Rafael A. Madero-Visbal, Thomas D. Shellenberger -- Osteoradionecrosis / Kevin Arce.Mandibular reconstruction / Jason K. Potter -- Palato-Maxillary reconstruction / Dimitrios Nikolarakos, Jason K. Potter -- Contemporary methods in tongue reconstruction / Phillip Pirgousis, Rui Fernandes -- Lip cancer: ablative and reconstructive surgery / Eric R. Carlson, Andres Guerra -- The temporalis system of flaps in head and neck reconstruction: temporoparietal fascia and temporalis muscle flaps / Jon D. Holmes -- Bisphosphonates and bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws / Robert E. Marx -- Maxillofacial reconstruction using cancellous cellular marrow grafts / Robert E. Marx -- Ear reconstruction / Shawn A. McClure, Steven P. Best -- The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap / Dale A. Baur, Michael P. Horan, Juan C. Rodriquez -- Radial forearm free flap / Brian M. Woo, D. David Kim -- Fibula free flap and mandibular reconstruction / Phillip Pirgousis, Rui Fernandes -- Anterolateral thigh flap / Joshua Eli Lubek, Stephen L. Engroff -- Deep circumflex iliac artery free flap / Stephen L. Engroff, Joshua Eli Lubek -- Implant-assisted prosthetic reconstruction after tumor ablation / Devin Joseph Okay, Daniel Buchbinder.Computer-aided surgical simulation for orthognathic surgery / James J. Xia, Jaime Gateno, John F. Teichgraeber -- Mandibular deficiency: bilateral sagittal spilt osteotomy / Jessica J. Lee -- Maxillary deficiency: Le Fort I osteotomy / Vincent James Perciaccante -- Maxillary deficiency: transverse plane discrepancies / Rafael E. Alcalde, Dale S. Bloomquist, Don Joondeph -- Mandibular orthognathic surgery: vertical ramus osteotomy vs. sagittal split osteotomy / Shahid R. Aziz, Steven M. Roser -- Distraction osteogenesis / Marianela Gonzalez, Cesar A. Guerrero, Michael P. Ding -- Mandibular asymmetry: diagnosis and treatment considerations / Brian B. Farrell, Myron R. Tucker -- Mandibular asymmetry: condylar elongation/hypertrophy / Felice O'Ryan -- Mandibular asymmetry: temporomandibular joint degeneration / Larry M. Wolford.Cleft lip and palate: timing and approaches to reconstruction / Radhika Chigurupati -- Cleft lip and palate: nasoalveolar molding / Judah S. Garfinkle, Barry H. Grayson -- Cleft lip and palate: primary cleft lip repair / Bernard J. Costello, Ramon L. Ruiz -- Cleft lip and palate: primary cleft palate repair / Paul S. Tiwana, Matthew J. Madsen -- Cleft lip and palate: bone graft reconstruction of the cleft maxilla / Gregory J. Mackay -- Cleft lip and palate: orthognathic surgery / David S. Precious -- Cleft lip and palate: prosthetic rehabilitation in the growing cleft patient / Betsy K. Davis -- Nonsyndromic single suture craniosynostosis / Pat Ricalde -- Craniofacial dysostosis syndromes / Jeffrey C. Posnick, Ramon L. Ruiz, Paul S. Tiwana -- Pediatric head and neck tumors: benign lesions / Shelly Abramowicz, Bonnie L. Padwa -- Pediatric malignant tumors of the head and neck / Sean P. Edwards -- Surgical care of the hemifacial microsomia patient / Stanley Yung-Chuan Liu, Phoebe Good, Janice S. Lee -- Mandibular dysostosis / Timothy A. Turvey -- Pediatric cranio-maxillofacial trauma: mandibular fractures / Paul S. Tiwana, Aaron Vickers -- Pediatric mid-face fractures / Clement Qaqish, John F. Caccamese, Jr.Diagnosis and management of temporomandibular joint pain and masticatory dysfunction / Franklin M. Dolwick, Shelly Abramowicz, Shahrokh C. Bagheri -- Temporomandibular joint: hypermobility and ankylosis / Gary F. Bouloux -- Alloplastic temporomandibular joint reconstruction / Louis G. Mercuri -- Current therapy of the effects of juvenile idiopathic arthritis on the facial skeleton / Robert W.T. Myall, R. Bryan Bell.Initial assessment of the facial cosmetic surgery patients / Husain Ali Khan, Shahrokh C. Bagheri -- Current trends in rhinoplasty / Shahrokh C. Bagheri, Husain Ali Khan -- Revision rhinoplasty / Behnam Bohluli, Shahrokh C. Bagheri -- Forehead, eyebrow and upper eyelid lifting / Angelo Cuzalina, Tarek Victor Copty -- Micrografting and hair transplantation surgery / Barry H. Hendler, David C. Stanton -- Rhytidectomy (face-lifting) / Angelo Cuzalina, Tarek Victor Copty, Husain Ali Khan -- Blepharoplasty / Joseph D. Walrath, Brent R. Hayek, Ted Wojno -- Ablative facial resurfacing / Matthew R. Hlavacek -- Treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer / Jill M. Weber, Jonathan S. Bailey -- Evaluation and management of maxillofacial vascular lesions / Edward T. Lahey III, Leonard B. Kaban.Obstructive sleep apnea: evaluation and treatment planning / Reginald H.B. Goodday -- Obstructive sleep apnea: surgical treatment: Part I, UPPP, genioglossus advancement, hyoid suspension / Robert A. Strauss, Adam P. McCormick -- Obstructive sleep apnea: surgical treatment: part II, maxillomandibular advancement for adults / Jeffrey R. Prinsell -- Obstructive sleep apnea:surgical treatment: part III, mandibular advancement for children / Brinda Thimmappa, Stephen A. Schendel.Antimicrobial treatment of head and neck infections / Thomas R. Flynn -- Principles and surgical management of head and neck infections / Thomas R. Flynn -- Ludwig's angina / Sam E. Farish.Elsevie
Thrive: Success Strategies for the Modern-Day Faculty Member
No full textThe THRIVE collection is intended to help faculty thrive in their roles as educators, scholars, researchers, and clinicians. Each section contains a variety of thought-provoking topics that are designed to be easily digested, guide personal reflection, and put into action. Please use the THRIVE collection to help: Individuals study topics on their own, whenever and wherever they want Peer-mentoring or other learning communities study topics in small groups Leaders and planners strategically insert faculty development into existing meetings Faculty identify campus experts for additional learning, grand rounds, etc.
If you have questions or want additional information on a topic, simply contact the article author or email [email protected]://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/facdev_books/1001/thumbnail.jp
ADHD IN ADULTS: COMORBODITY WITH BIPOLAR DISORDER AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE
No full textADHD is characterized by a continuous history of hyperactivity, forgetfulness, distractibility, impulsiveness and/or inattention, starting from the early childhood and at a more severe extent than whatever may be usual in peers. Originally described in pediatric populations, it is widely recognized in adults. While the disorder in children is mostly described as a disorder involving hyperactivity and impulsiveness, in adulthood ADHD inattention prevails on externalizing features, with a higher rate of psychiatric comorbidities, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder (BD), anxiety disorders and substance abuse (SUD).
Co-morbidity among ADHD, SUD and BD has been reported in many clinical and epidemiological studies. For this purpose we evaluated the prevalence of symptoms belonging to the ADHD spectrum in two samples of adult patients affected by SUD and by BD.
We found that one fifth of our sample of bipolar adults has a current diagnosis of ADHD, and that these patients are characterized by a greater number and more severe depressive episodes, resulting in a marked interference in global adaptation, when compared with ADHD subjects without bipolar. To complicate the clinical picture in BD + ADHD group, they are often associated with the Substance Use Disorder and the Impulse Control Disorder. Dual Diagnosis (BD+SUD) patient out of 4 reported childhood history of ADHD and more than 1 patient out of 2 presented corresponding symptoms at the time of observation. Our data are consistent with the observation that SUD in ADHD patients features an earlier onset, a longer duration and a faster progression towards substance polyabuse. In addition, the risk for developing a SUD is increased by the comorbidity of ADHD and BD. Our study confirms the observation that the relationship between adult ADHD and Substance Use Disorder is conveyed by the association with conduct disorders and antisocial personality disorder. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that this relationship may also be facilitated by the presence of Bipolar Disorder. In conclusion, Bipolar Disorder, ADHD, Conduct Disorder and Substance Use Disorder may share a common diathesis conveyed by hyperactivity-impulsivity. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm our observations and to evaluate the influence of ADHD symptoms on course and treatment response
An annotated bibliography of tax compliance and tax compliance costs
No full textAn annotated bibliography of tax compliance and tax compliance costs.tax; tax compliance; compliance costs; bibliography; tax evasion; tax avoidance; auditing; tax simplification
