177,283 research outputs found
Bile Acids and Microbiota Interplay in Pancreatic Cancer
No full textEvidence suggests the involvement of the microbiota, including oral, intra-tumoral and gut, in pancreatic cancer progression and response to therapy. The gut microbiota modulates the bile acid pool and is associated with maintaining host physiology. Studies have shown that the bile acid/gut microbiota axis is dysregulated in pancreatic cancer. Bile acid receptor expression and bile acid levels are dysregulated in pancreatic cancer as well. Studies have also shown that bile acids can cause pancreatic cell injury and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. The microbiota and its metabolites, including bile acids, are also altered in other conditions considered risk factors for pancreatic cancer development and can alter responses to chemotherapeutic treatments, thus affecting patient outcomes. Altogether, these findings suggest that the gut microbial and/or bile acid profiles could also serve as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer detection. This review will discuss the current knowledge on the interaction between gut microbiota interaction and bile acid metabolism in pancreatic cancer
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
The Corona-Pandemic: A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Regional and Global Governance
No full textWe argue that the incentive structure of all individual and coordinated measures across
countries to contain the corona-pandemic is that of a weakest-link public good game. We
discuss a selection of theoretical and experimental key results of weakest-link games and
interpret them in the light of the corona-pandemic. First, we highlight that experimental evidence does not support the assumption that coordination can be trivially solved, even among
symmetric players. Second, we argue that for asymmetric countries the weakest-link game
does not only pose a problem of coordination, but also a problem of cooperation. Third, we
show how and under which conditions self-enforcing treaties can foster coordination and
cooperation. We account for the possibility that countries make mistakes when choosing
their actions. Our discussion shows that North–South cooperation is relevant and likely to
be self-enforcing and that regional cooperation, e.g., within the EU, will also be important.Funding was provided by “University of Bath (VB-EC3BMF) Prof. Michael Finus and Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (TrenGood, ECO2017-84461-R) Prof Alejandro Caparros.”Peer reviewe
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
molecular mechanisms controlling the diurnal oscillation of r-loop formation in arabidopsis thaliana
No full textEl rellotge circadiari és un mecanisme cel·lular endogen que sincronitza processos biològics en coordinació amb els cicles de 24 hores del dia i la nit. La funció circadiària és essencial per a la regulació rítmica de processos fonamentals en plantes, incloent-hi, entre altres, el creixement, el desenvolupament i les respostes a l'estrès. El sistema circadiari requereix la regulació precisa de la transcripció rítmica dels gens oscil·lants centrals. Durant la transcripció, a diversos organismes s'ha observat la generació d'estructures genòmiques denominades R-loops, compostes per híbrids DNA-RNA i DNA monocatenari no-motlle.Basant-nos en la correlació que existeix entre la transcripció amb el sistema circadiari i els R-loops, plantegem en aquesta Tesi Doctoral descobrir la possible regulació diürna dels R-loops i identificar els components moleculars i mecanismes subjacents que controlen la seva homeòstasi en Arabidopsis thaliana. Utilitzant assajos tipus dot-blot, hem observat que els R-loops presentaven una regulació diària, amb un enriquiment significatiu durant la nit en comparació amb el dia. Els fotoreceptors (PHYTOCHROME B i CRYPTOCHROME 1 i 2), així com diversos components del rellotge, d'expressió tant diürna com nocturna, contribueixen diferencialment a l'acumulació diària dels R-loops. Aquests resultats ressalten la intricada interacció entre la senyalització lumínica i el rellotge circadiari pel control de l'homeòstasi dels R-loops. A més, hem correlacionat positivament la presència de R-loops amb la transcripció activa, fet que s'ha avaluat mitjançant assajos d'acumulació de l'RNA polimerasa II, d'inhibició farmacològica de la transcripció, de compactació de la cromatina i d'anàlisi de plantes mutants de gens relacionats amb la transcripció. Addicionalment, hem trobat que SSRP1 (structure-specific recognition protein 1), un component del complex FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription), és necessari per a la correcta acumulació de l'RNA polimerasa II, la compactació de la cromatina, l'abundància de marques d'histones i les respostes al dany del DNA. SSRP1 és també responsable de la regulació diària dels R-loops, reduint la seva acumulació principalment durant el dia. En conjunt, els nostres estudis estableixen una connexió directa de la funció de SSRP1 amb la transcripció i l'acumulació diària de R-loops. Aquests resultats obren noves vies per a la manipulació de la transcripció i la regulació circadiària.El reloj circadiano es un mecanismo celular endógeno que sincroniza procesos biológicos en coordinación con los ciclos de 24 horas del día y la noche. La función circadiana es esencial para la regulación rítmica de procesos fundamentales en plantas, incluyendo entre otros, el crecimiento, el desarrollo y las respuestas al estrés. El sistema circadiano requiere la regulación precisa de la transcripción rítmica de genes del oscilador central. Desde hace algunos años se ha correlacionado la transcripción con estructuras genómicas denominadas R-loops, compuestas por el híbrido DNA-RNA y el DNA monocatenario que no sirve de molde. Basándonos en la correlación que existe entre la transcripción con el sistema circadiano y con los R-loops, planteamos en esta Tesis Doctoral descubrir la posible regulación diurna de los R-loops e identificar los componentes moleculares y mecanismos subyacentes que controlan su homeostasis en Arabidopsis thaliana. Utilizando ensayos tipo dot-blot, observamos que los R-loops presentaban una regulación diurna, con un enriquecimiento significativo durante la noche en comparación con el día. Los fotoreceptores (PHYTOCHROME B y CRYPTOCHROME 1 y 2), así como genes del reloj que se expresan tanto durante el día como por la noche, contribuían diferencialmente a la acumulación diurna de los R-loops. Estos resultados resaltan la intricada interacción entre la señalización lumínica y el reloj circadiano en el control de la homeostasis de los R-loops en Arabidopsis thaliana. Adicionalmente, observamos que los R-loops se correlacionaban positivamente con la transcripción, evaluada mediante la acumulación de la RNA polimerasa II, la inhibición farmacológica de la transcripción, la compactación de la cromatina y el análisis de plantas mutantes de genes relacionados con la transcripción. Encontramos además que SSRP1 (structure-specific recognition protein 1), un componente del complejo FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription), era necesario para la correcta acumulación de la RNA polimerasa II, la compactación de la cromatina, la abundancia de marcas de histonas y las respuestas al daño del DNA. Adicionalmente, la expresión y función de SSRP1 resultaban esenciales para la regulación diurna de los R-loops, contribuyendo a su menor acumulación principalmente durante el día. En conjunto, nuestros estudios establecen una conexión directa de la función de SSRP1 con la transcripción y la acumulación diurna de los R-loops, y abren nuevas vías de manipulación de la transcripción y regulación circadiana.The circadian clock is an endogenous timing mechanism that synchronizes biological processes with the 24-hour day and night cycles. Proper circadian function is essential for the rhythmic regulation of fundamental processes in plants, including among others, growth, development, and responses to stress. At its bases, the circadian function relies on the precise regulation of the rhythmic transcription of core oscillator genes. Active transcription also generates in many organisms the so-called R-loops, three-stranded nucleic acid structures composed of the DNA-RNA hybrid and the non-template single-stranded DNA. Based on the correlation of transcription with both the circadian system and R-loops, in this Doctoral Thesis, we aimed to uncover the potential diurnal regulation of R-loops and identify the molecular components and mechanisms underlying R-loop homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. By using dot-blot assays, we found that indeed R-loops accumulated in a diurnal fashion with a significant enrichment during the night compared to the day. The photoreceptors (PHYTOCHROME B and CRYPTOCHROME 1 and 2), as well as morning- and evening-expressed clock components differentially contributed to the diurnal accumulation of R-loops, highlighting the intricate interplay between light signaling and the circadian clock in the control of R-loop homeostasis. R-loops also positively correlated with active transcription as assayed by RNA Polymerase II accumulation, pharmacological inhibition of transcription, chromatin compaction, and analyses of transcription-related mutant plants. We found that the component of the FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription) complex, SSRP1 (structure-specific recognition protein 1) also contributed to proper RNA Polymerase II accumulation, chromatin compaction, abundance of histone marks, and responses to DNA damage. SSRP1 was also responsible for the diurnal regulation of R-loops by reducing their accumulation predominantly during the day. Altogether, our studies establish a direct connection of SSRP1 function with transcription and the diurnal accumulation of R-loops. Our results open up possible new avenues for the manipulation of transcription and circadian regulation
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
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