1,721,143 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Papel do receptor B2 para as cininas na neuroinflamação induzida pelo peptídeo beta-amilóide
Get PDFDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia.O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o papel do receptor B2 para as cininas na neuroinflamação induzida pelo peptídeo A?1-40 em camundongos. Há indícios de que o peptídeo A? tem um papel central na doença de Alzheimer e, de relevância para este trabalho, estudos recentes sugeriram o envolvimento do sistema calicreína-cininas na patofisiologia da doença em humanos, bem como sua contribuição em modelos experimentais desta doença. Para a realização dos experimentos, os animais foram pré-tratados com o antagonista seletivo do receptor B2, o HOE 140 (50 ?mol/sítio/ i.c.v.), 2 horas antes da injeção i.c.v do peptídeo A?1-40 (400 ?mol/sítio). Após 14 dias, os animais foram submetidos aos testes comportamentais e no dia seguinte (dia 15), os cérebros foram removidos para a realização da técnica de western blot. Ainda, o mesmo protocolo de tratamento foi seguido para a realização de coletas em tempos específicos (6h, 24h ou 8 dias) para a realização das análises de imunoistoquímica, nos tempos de expressão máximo da cada proteína. O pré-tratamento dos animais com HOE 140 preveniu o prejuízo cognitivo e o dano sinápico induzido pelo peptídeo A?1-40, avaliados através do teste de reconhecimento de objetos e pela expressão das proteínas sinápticas sinaptofisina e PSD-95, respectivamente. Além disso, o peptídeo A?1-40 induziu aumento na expressão do receptor B2 após 15 dias no hipocampo dos animais, e o bloqueio deste receptor com o HOE 140 preveniu esta alteração, sugerindo uma possível auto-regulação do receptor B2 pelo seu antagonista. Ainda, o processo inflamatório induzido pelo peptídeo A?1-40, evidenciado através do aumento da ativação microglial e do aumento na expressão das enzimas COX-2, iNOS e nNOS, foi prevenido pelo pré-tratamento com o HOE 140. Estes efeitos tóxicos iniciados pela administração de A?1-40 parecem ser mediados pela ativação de PKC (isoformas ? e ?) e, por conseguinte, das MAPKs p-38 e JNK, e dos fatores de transcrição NF?B e c-jun. Estes eventos parecem ser modulados pela ativação do receptor B2, uma vez que, o bloqueio deste receptor com o HOE 140 preveniu todas estas alterações induzidas pelo peptídeo A?1-40. Estes resultados, analisados em conjunto, fornecem evidências de que a toxicidade induzida por A?1-40 parece ser mediada pela ativação do receptor B2 e que o bloqueio deste receptor e das vias de sinalização por ele ativadas podem ser novos alvos para o tratamento do processo inflamatório característico na progressão da doença de Alzheimer.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the kinin B2 receptor in the A?-induced neuroinflammation in mice. There are recent evidences showing that the A? peptide has a central role in Alzheimer's disease. Relevantly, recent studies have suggested the involvement of the kallikrein-kinin system in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease in both humans and experimental models. In this study, experimental procedures were carried out using Swiss mice pretreated with the selective B2 receptor antagonist, HOE 140 (50 ?mol/site, i.c.v.), given two hours prior the i.c.v. injection of A?1-40 peptide (400 ?mol/site). After 14 days, the animals were subjected to behavioral tests, and on day 15 the brains were removed to perform Western blot analysis. In addition, the same treatment protocol was used to carry out tissue collections, at specific time points (6h, 24h or 8 days), in order to perform immunohistochemical analysis. These time point were chosen based on the maximum expression level of each protein. The pretreatment of animals with HOE 140 prevented the cognitive impairment and synaptic injury induced by A?1-40 peptide, assessed using object recognition task and through evaluation of the expression of synaptic proteins, (synaptophysin and PSD-95), respectively. Furthermore, A?1-40 peptide increased B2 receptor expression, in the mice hippocampus after 15 days, and the pharmacological blockage of this receptor (with HOE 140) prevented this alteration, suggesting a possible auto-regulation mechanism for B2 receptor expression. Also, the A?1-40-induced inflammatory process was evidenced by increased microglial activation and increased expression of COX-2, iNOS and nNOS. All these alterations were prevented by the pretreatment with HOE 140. The toxic effects induced by A?1-40 administration seems to be mediated by activation of PKC (? and ? isoforms), which leads to the activation of p-38 MAPKs and JNK, and transcription factors NF?B and c-Jun. These events seems to be modulated by activation of B2 receptor, since blocking this receptor with HOE 140 prevented all these changes. These results, taken together, provide evidence that the A?-induced toxicity might be mediated by B2 receptor activation. Thus, the blockage of B2 receptor, and signaling pathways activated by it, might constitute new attractive targets for the treatment of the inflammation associated with of Alzheimer's disease progression
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Antiinflammatory And Antiallodynic Actions Of The Lignan Niranthin Isolated From Phyllanthus Amarus. Evidence For Interaction With Platelet Activating Factor Receptor
No full textPrevious studies have shown that the extracts obtained from Phyllanthus amarus, and some of the lignans isolated from it, exhibit pronounced antiinflammatory properties. In the present study, we have assessed whether the antiinflammatory actions of these lignans can be mediated by interaction with platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor or interference with the action of this lipid. The local administration of nirtetralin, phyltetralin or niranthin (30 nmol/paw), similar to WEB2170 (a PAF receptor antagonist, 30 nmol/paw), significantly inhibited PAF-induced paw oedema formation in mice. The extracts of P. amarus (100 μg/ml) and niranthin (30 μM), but not nirtetralin or phyltetralin (30 μM), decreased the specific binding of [3H]-PAF in mouse cerebral cortex membranes. Furthermore, both niranthin and WEB2170 displaced, in a concentration-dependent manner, the [3H]-PAF binding sites. The mean IC50 values from these effects were 6.5 μM and 0.3 μM, respectively. Additionally, both niranthin and WEB2170 (30 nmol/paw) inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase activity induced by PAF injection in the mouse paw. When assessed the mouse model of pleurisy induced by PAF, pretreatment with niranthin (100 μmol/kg, p.o.) or WEB2170 (1.7 μmol/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited PAF-induced protein extravasations. Moreover, in the rat model of PAF-induced allodynia, both niranthin (30 nmol/paw) and WEB2170 (30 nmol/paw) treatment significantly inhibited PAF-induced allodynia. In addition, niranthin had a rapid onset and long-lasting antiallodynic action when compared with WEB2170. Collectively, the present findings suggest that niranthin exhibits antiinflammatory and antiallodynic actions which are probably mediated through its direct antagonistic action on the PAF receptor binding sites. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. 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koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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