3,157 research outputs found
Expected income mobility: demand for redistribution and antisocial behavior
No full textThis dissertationuses a laboratory experimentto examinethe role ofmobility, self-confidence, and entitlement on the demand for redistribution, discussed in Chapter 1, and on antisocial behavior, discussed in Chapter 2. When people make economic decisions, they generally consider not only how their decisions will affect their current situation, but also how these decisions will affect them in the future. Thus, income mobility seems to play a key role in determining decisions in non-static contexts. This dissertation focuses on two factors that influence subjects’ preferences for redistribution and antisocial behavior when mobility is possible: self-confidence in one’s relative effort and entitlement. When income mobility is possible and individuals can influence mobility through effort, they form their expectations about future mobility through expectations about their own effort relative to others. The measure of self-confidence is then crucial, as overconfident individuals exaggerate the probability of moving up the income distribution, which may alter their support for redistribution and antisocial behavior. On the other hand, entitlement refers to the behavior of individuals when their efforts influence the mobility process or not. If mobility is possible, the role that subjects play in determining their future income may change the way they feel entitled to that income, affecting their support for redistribution and antisocial behavior.
The experiments for the two chapters of this dissertation were conducted as part of the same experiment and according to the same experimental design. Subjects chose redistribution rates according to the Melzer and Richards (1981) model, i.e. that can only be applied to their own income, and made decisions about reducing the income of others with no private benefit but at a cost. These decisions were made in the absence or presence of future mobility. The mobility process was modified by subjects’ performance on a test or by luck, depending on the treatment. When decisions were made in the presence of mobility, subjects could at first estimate the mobility process based on their expectations regarding the results of the effort test or lottery, i.e. the mobility process was subjective. Secondly, they knew the objective mobility process resulting from the results of the effort test or the lottery. This design allows for the investigation of the effects of mobility, self-confidence, and entitlement on preferences for redistribution and antisocial behavior. This dissertation provide new insights into the psychological factors that influence attitudes towards redistribution and antisocial behavior and highlight the importance of subjective beliefs and perceptions of fairness for economic mobility.This dissertationuses a laboratory experimentto examinethe role ofmobility, self-confidence, and entitlement on the demand for redistribution, discussed in Chapter 1, and on antisocial behavior, discussed in Chapter 2. When people make economic decisions, they generally consider not only how their decisions will affect their current situation, but also how these decisions will affect them in the future. Thus, income mobility seems to play a key role in determining decisions in non-static contexts. This dissertation focuses on two factors that influence subjects’ preferences for redistribution and antisocial behavior when mobility is possible: self-confidence in one’s relative effort and entitlement. When income mobility is possible and individuals can influence mobility through effort, they form their expectations about future mobility through expectations about their own effort relative to others. The measure of self-confidence is then crucial, as overconfident individuals exaggerate the probability of moving up the income distribution, which may alter their support for redistribution and antisocial behavior. On the other hand, entitlement refers to the behavior of individuals when their efforts influence the mobility process or not. If mobility is possible, the role that subjects play in determining their future income may change the way they feel entitled to that income, affecting their support for redistribution and antisocial behavior.
The experiments for the two chapters of this dissertation were conducted as part of the same experiment and according to the same experimental design. Subjects chose redistribution rates according to the Melzer and Richards (1981) model, i.e. that can only be applied to their own income, and made decisions about reducing the income of others with no private benefit but at a cost. These decisions were made in the absence or presence of future mobility. The mobility process was modified by subjects’ performance on a test or by luck, depending on the treatment. When decisions were made in the presence of mobility, subjects could at first estimate the mobility process based on their expectations regarding the results of the effort test or lottery, i.e. the mobility process was subjective. Secondly, they knew the objective mobility process resulting from the results of the effort test or the lottery. This design allows for the investigation of the effects of mobility, self-confidence, and entitlement on preferences for redistribution and antisocial behavior. This dissertation provide new insights into the psychological factors that influence attitudes towards redistribution and antisocial behavior and highlight the importance of subjective beliefs and perceptions of fairness for economic mobility
Bayesian Approach for X-Ray and Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy
No full textThe rapidly improving performance of inelastic scattering instruments has
prompted tremendous advances in our knowledge of the high-frequency dynamics
of disordered systems, yet also imposing new demands to the data analysis and
interpretation. This ongoing effort is likely to reach soon an impasse, unless new
protocols are developed in the data modeling. This need stems from the increasingly
detailed information sought for in typical line shape measurements, which often
touches or crosses the boundaries imposed by the limited experimental accuracy.
Given this scenario, the risk of a bias and an over-parametrized data modeling
represents a concrete threat for further advances in the field. Being aware of the
severity of the problem, we illustrate here the new hopes brought in this area by
Bayesian inference methods. Making reference to recent literature results, we demonstrate
the superior ability of these methods in providing a probabilistic and
evidence-based modeling of experimental data. Most importantly, this approach
can enable hypothesis test involving competitive line shape models and is intrinsically
equipped with natural antidotes against the risk of over-parametrization as it
naturally enforces the Occam maximum parsimony principle, which favors intrinsically
simple models over overly complex ones
A imagem de Alessandro Baricco no Brasil
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2013.Com a intenção de delinear o modo pelo qual o escritor italiano Alessandro Baricco se inseriu no sistema literário brasileiro e os caminhos percorridos pelos seus livros traduzidos, esta dissertação dá voz às experiências tradutórias de seus tradutores. A inserção de Bariccono Brasil tem seu início em 1997, através de uma proposição da Profa. Dra. Roberta Barni à editora Iluminuras da tradução de Oceano Mare. A partir daí, outras sete obras foram publicadas no Brasil, sendo três delas traduzidas por Roberta Barni e as outras quatro por quatro tradutores diferentes. De um lado, considera-se o tradutor como figura principal namediação entre culturas, e, de outro, se analisa a realidade desta figuradentro do sistema literário, sua invisibilidade, seus limites e o exercíciode sua profissão. A pesquisa conta, ainda, com críticas e resenhas referentes ao autor italiano publicadas em jornais consagrados no Brasil, considerando estas como parte constituinte da imagem de Baricco refletida em território nacional. Abstract : Intending to delineate the way the Italian writer Alessandro Baricco has been inserted in the Brazilian literary system and the paths his translated books have followed, this thesis gives voice to the translating experiences of his translators. Baricco's insertion in Brazil began in 1997, through a personal project of Dr. Roberta Barni, with her translation of Oceano Mare. Since then, seven other of his works have been published in Brazil, three of which were translated by Roberta Barni and the other four by four different translators. On the one hand,the translator is considered as the main figure in mediation betweencultures and, on the other, this figure's reality is analyzed within theliterary system: its invisibility, its limits and its professional practice. Criticisms and reviews of this Italian author published in well established Brazilian newspapers are also considered, with the understanding that they are part of Baricco's image reflected here
Controlling terahertz sound propagation: some preliminary Inelastic X-Ray Scattering result
No full textThe control of sound propagation in materials via the design of their elastic properties is an exciting task at the forefront of Condensed Matter. It becomes especially compelling at terahertz frequencies, where phonons are the primary conveyors of heat flow. Despite the increasing focus on this goal, this field of research is still in its infancy; To achieve a few advances in this field, we performed several Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS) measurements on elementary systems as dilute suspensions of nanoparticles (NPs) in liquids. We found that nanoparticles can effectively impact the sound propagation of the hosting liquid. We also explored the possibility of shaping terahertz sound propagation in a liquid upon confinement on quasi-unidimensional cavities. These results are here reviewed and discussed, and future research directions are finally outlined
Moving beyond the collective oblivion of the Italian colonial past
No full textThis study explores the contrasting dynamics between artivists’ efforts to amplify the voice of the Eritrean community in Milan and the Municipality of Milan’s decision to dedicate the Public Gardens and a statue to Indro Montanelli. The monument serves as an exemplary case study, having been at the centre of a series of events that highlight the need to address the complexities of history and the issue of celebration in the urban context. The analysis of the protests against Montanelli’s statue—and its vandalization—illustrates how one of the key functions of both museums and public monuments is their agency in shaping collective memory. Furthermore, the article assesses MUDEC’s effective role as an institutional actor in the public debate on our shared past, noting how the museum has actively engaged the public by incorporating diverse perspectives and collaborating with historically underrepresented groups, such as Milan’s African descendants.L’articolo esplora le dinamiche contrastanti tra gli sforzi degli artivisti per amplificare la voce della comunità eritrea a Milano e la decisione del Comune di Milano di dedicare i Giardini Pubblici e una statua a Indro Montanelli. Il monumento rappresenta un caso di studio di particolare interesse, essendo stato al centro di una serie di eventi che mettono in evidenza la necessità di affrontare le complessità della storia e il problema della dimensione celebrativa nel contestourbano. L’analisi delle proteste contro la statua di Montanelli – e degli atti di vandalismo – illustra come una delle funzioni chiave dei musei e dei monumentipubblici sia il loro ruolo nel plasmare la memoria collettiva di una comunità. Inoltre, l’articolo prende in esame la capacità del MUDEC di inserirsi come attore istituzionale nel dibattito pubblico sul nostro passato condiviso, evidenziando come il museo abbia attivamente coinvolto il pubblico integrando prospettive diverse e collaborando con gruppi storicamente poco rappresentati, come le persone afro-discendenti di Milano
La maturità di Alessandro Fei del Barbiere, in bilico tra Maniera e Riforma
No full textThis article studies the mature career of the Florentine painter Alessandro Fei del Barbiere (1537-1592), beginning with the rediscovery of the 'Ascension' altarpiece formerly in the Albizi Chapel in the destroyed church of San Pier Maggiore, Florence. Studying this painting and others recorded in 1584 by the biographer Raffaello Borghini, such as the two altarpieces for Santa Maria delle Grazie and the Madonna dell'Umiltà in Pistoia, the author reconstructs a body of works showing how in the 1580s Fei gradually went beyond the archaic style of his apprenticeship - he had been trained by Ridolfo del Ghirlandaio and Pierfrancesco Foschi, but was also marked by the Maniera of Vasari - evolving towards naturalism in both mimesis and pictorial handling. In Florence, his development partly parallels that of Santi di Tito and his circle, but Fei was also influenced by a probable sojourn during the early part of that decade in Rome, where he could have been inspired by Girolamo Muziano and the painters working for Pope Gregory XIII. Among other proposals, the author suggests that the artist was responsible for decorating the chancel of Fiesole Cathedral (c. 1584-1589), which consisted of an altarpiece, only rarely discussed by scholars, and a cycle of frescoes hitherto attributed to Nicodemo Ferrucci
TRANSLATIONAL AND ROTATIONAL SPECTRA IN THE FUNDAMENTAL INFRARED BAND OF LIQUID AND SOLID PARAHYDROGEN
No full textThe Q1(0) and Q1(0)+S0(0) infrared bands have been studied in liquid and solid para-H-2 with particular regard to their translational sidebands. In the liquid, their line shapes are well fitted by a model in which the excited particle is encapsulated. In the solid, the phonon sidebands reproduce the main features of the density of states (DOS), as extracted from neutron scattering. The S1(0)+S0(0) band shows a pure rotonic line shape which is well described by recent DOS calculations
Tra socialdemocrazie e Perestrojka. Le relazioni internazionali del Pci attraverso le carte di Alessandro Natta
No full textThis essay reconstructs the foreign policy of the Italian Communist Party during the four
years of Alessandro Natta’s secretariat (1984-1988) through largely original archival documentation,
from the Alessandro Natta Fonds of the Historical Archive of the Chamber of
Deputies. Natta’s papers are also cross-referenced with those kept in the PCI Archive at the
Gramsci Foundation. The author analyses the relationship that the PCI establishes with
Gorbachev’s Perestroika, Deng’s China, and European social democracies during the last
years of the Cold War
Bayesian Inference as a Tool to Optimize Spectral Acquisition in Scattering Experiments
No full textNowadays, an increasing number of scattering measurements rely on the use of
large-scale research facilities, which is usually granted after highly competitive peerreviewing
and typically for short-time lapses. The optimal use of the allocated time
requires rigorous estimates on the reliability of the data analysis, as inferred from the
limited statistical accuracy of the measurement. Bayesian inference approaches can
significantly help this endeavor by providing investigators with much-needed guidance
under challenging decisions on experimental time management. We propose
here a method based on the real-time data analysis of running experiments, which
fully exploits the core strengths of Bayes theorem. The procedure is implemented in
sequential steps in which the spectral measurement is adjourned by summing to it
successive acquisition runs, and the spectral modeling is upgraded accordingly. At
each stage, the statistical accuracy of the measurement improves, and a more
grounded joint posterior distribution is drawn and used as a prior in the subsequent
data acquisition stage. The gradual reduction in the model parameters’ uncertainty
down to the targets set a priori by experimenters provides a quantitative “success
criterion,” which helps prevent oversampling during acquisition. A similar “on the
fly” data modeling, might substantially change the way large-scale facilities operate
Volta Alessandro
No full textThe New Dictionary of Scientific Biography (extension and updating of the Dictionary of Scientific Biography) is one of the most substantial reference works in the field of the history of science. An up-to-date overview on Alessandro Volta's science with new perspectives offered by the author. Information and critical analysis is also provided on the main secondary literature produced on this main protagonist of enlightenment science after the 1976 entry "Volta Alessandro" in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography
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