1,354,092 research outputs found

    Translocações cromossômicas entre trigo e centeio: uma alternativa ao melhoramento.

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    Translocações são rearranjos cromossômicos estruturais que envolvem segmentos cromossômicos de extensão variada pertencentes a cromossomos homólogos ou não homólogos. Tanto a ocorrência natural quanto a induzida de translocações tem possibilitado um avanço no melhoramento varietal, uma vez que esses segmentos translocados podem carregar genes de resistência a estresses bióticos e abióticos. O centeio é uma espécie da famíla Triticeae muito utilizada para transferência de genes para o trigo como, por exemplo, genes de resistência às ferrugens da folha e do colmo e também genes que favorecem o rendimento, tanto em quantidade como em qualidade de grãos. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi o de revisar as principais translocações envolvendo o trigo e o centeio, no qual se verificou, a partir dos dados analisados, que as translocações envolvendo os cromossomos 1 e 2 mostraram-se mais vantajosas para o rendimento de grãos em trigo e que as demais foram importantes, principalmente, na transferência de genes de resistência a estresses. Portanto, essa estratégia tem demonstrado efetividade na busca de novos genes que favorecem o cultivo de trigo e sua utilização vem crescendo grandemente nos últimos anos.</jats:p

    Translocações cromossômicas entre trigo e espécies relacionadas e seu potencial uso no melhoramento genético.

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    Interspecific translocations are events that involve DNA segments exchanges between chromosomal by different species. Eventually these exchanges allow the transference of interested agronomic gens from de donor to the cultivated specie.  Several wheat genetic related species have important resistance gens that could be used in breeding programs. Thus, the aim of this paper was to review the main agronomic traits as the main resistance gens that could be transferred from related species to wheat using chromosomal translocations. The informations in this paper demonstrate that related wheat species could and are used like source of resistance gens, principally, to biotic stresses, and also confirm that the interspecific crosses and, consequently translocations, are strategies extensively used with this finality. Translocações interespecíficas são eventos que envolvem a troca de segmentos de DNA entre cromossomos de diferentes espécies. Eventualmente, essas trocas permitem a transferência de genes de interesse agronômico da espécie doadora para a espécie cultivada. Várias espécies afins, relacionadas geneticamente ao trigo, possuem genes que podem ser utilizados nos programas de melhoramento dessa cultura. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi revisar as principais características agronômicas, bem como os principais genes de resistência que podem ser transferidos de espécies afins para o trigo, a partir de translocações cromossômicas. As informações destacadas nesta revisão mostram que as espécies relacionadas ao trigo podem e são utilizadas como fonte de genes de resistência, principalmente, a estresses bióticos e que o uso de cruzamentos interespecíficos e, consequentemente das translocações, são estratégias extensivamente aplicadas para este fim

    Antioxidant responses of wheat plants under stress

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    Abstract Currently, food security depends on the increased production of cereals such as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), which is an important source of calories and protein for humans. However, cells of the crop have suffered from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause severe oxidative damage to the plants, due to environmental stresses. ROS are toxic molecules found in various subcellular compartments. The equilibrium between the production and detoxification of ROS is sustained by enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. In the present review, we offer a brief summary of antioxidant defense and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling in wheat plants. Wheat plants increase antioxidant defense mechanisms under abiotic stresses, such as drought, cold, heat, salinity and UV-B radiation, to alleviate oxidative damage. Moreover, H2O2 signaling is an important factor contributing to stress tolerance in cereals

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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