2,926 research outputs found
Morphofunctional Alterations In Endocrine Pancreas Of Short- And Long-term Dexamethasone-treated Rats
No full textLong-term dexamethasone therapy may induce peripheral insulin resistance (IR), which in turn elicits increased beta-cell function and proliferation. However, whether such adaptive compensations occur during short-term treatment with dexamethasone is unclear. Here, we compared morphofunctional parameters in endocrine pancreas after short- and long-term dexamethasone administration. Groups of rats received daily i. p. injection of 1 mg/kg b. w. dexamethasone for 1 (DEX-1), 3 (DEX-3), or 5 consecutive days (DEX-5), whilst control rats were saline-treated (CTL). Despite the absence of apparent IR in DEX-1 rats, this group exhibited increased circulating insulin levels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), compared to the CTL group (p<0.05). Evident IR as well as marked hyperinsulinemia and GSIS, as judged by the static and dynamic insulin secretion values, were observed in DEX-3 and DEX-5 rats (p<0.05). GSIS in islets cultured with 1 M dexamethasone was lower compared to the control (p<0.05). Marked increases in beta-cell proliferation were observed in DEX-3 and DEX-5 rats, compared to CTL and DEX-1 rats (p<0.05). The alterations observed in DEX-3 rats were more pronounced in DEX-5 rats, which also exhibited a higher content of islet Cdk4 and Cd2 proteins, compared to the CTL group (p<0.05). We conclude that short-term dexamethasone treatment (DEX-1) induces an increase in beta-cell function that does not require the presence of discernible IR. As the treatment continues, the IR develops rapidly, and increased insulin secretion as well as beta-cell hyperplasia is demanded for the appropriate maintenance of glucose homeostasis. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart - New York.434275281Schacke, H., Docke, W.-D., Asadullah, K., Mechanisms involved in the side effects of glucocorticoids (2002) Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 96 (1), pp. 23-43. , DOI 10.1016/S0163-7258(02)00297-8, PII S0163725802002978Andrews, R.C., Walker, B.R., Glucocorticoids and insulin resistance: Old hormones, new targets (1999) Clinical Science, 96 (5), pp. 513-523. , DOI 10.1042/CS19980388Kahn, S.E., Prigeon, R.L., McCulloch, D.K., Boyko, E.J., Bergman, R.N., Schwartz, M.W., Neifing, J.L., Porte Jr., D., Quantification of the relationship between insulin sensitivity and β- cell function in human subjects: Evidence for a hyperbolic function (1993) Diabetes, 42 (11), pp. 1663-1672Karlsson, S., Ostlund, B., Myrsen-Axcrona, U., Sundler, F., Ahren, B., Beta cell adaptation to dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in rats involves increased glucose responsiveness but not glucose effectiveness (2001) Pancreas, 22 (2), pp. 148-156. , DOI 10.1097/00006676-200103000-00007Nicod, N., Giusti, V., Besse, C., Tappy, L., Metabolic adaptations to dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in healthy volunteers (2003) Obesity Research, 11 (5), pp. 625-631Rafacho, A., Cestari, T.M., Taboga, S.R., Boschero, A.C., Bosqueiro, J.R., High doses of dexamethasone induce increased beta-cell proliferation in pancreatic rat islets (2009) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 296, pp. E681-E689Rafacho, A., Marroquí, L., Taboga, S.R., Abrantes, J.L., Silveira, L.R., Boschero, A.C., Carneiro, E.M., Quesada, I., Glucocorticoids in vivo induce both insulin hypersecretion and enhanced glucose sensitivity of stimulus-secretion coupling in isolated rat islets (2010) Endocrinology, 151, pp. 85-95Rafacho, A., Giozzet, V.A.G., Boschero, A.C., Bosqueiro, J.R., Functional alterations in endocrine pancreas of rats with different degrees of dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance (2008) Pancreas, 36 (3), pp. 284-293. , DOI 10.1097/MPA.0b013e31815ba826, PII 0000667620080400000010Rafacho, A., Roma, L.P., Taboga, S.R., Boschero, A.C., Bosqueiro, J.R., Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance is associated with increased connexin 36 mRNA and protein expression in pancreatic rat islets (2007) Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 85 (5), pp. 536-545. , DOI 10.1139/Y07-037Beith, J.L., Alejandro, E.U., Johnson, J.D., Insulin stimulates primary β-cell proliferation via Raf-1 kinase (2008) Endocrinology, 149 (5), pp. 2251-2260. , http://endo.endojournals.org/cgi/reprint/149/5/2251, DOI 10.1210/en.2007-1557Rafacho, A., Ribeiro, D.L., Boschero, A.C., Taboga, S.R., Bosqueiro, J.R., Increased pancreatic islet mass is accompanied by activation of the insulin receptor substrate-2/serine-threonine kinase pathway and augmented cyclin D 2 protein levels in insulin-resistant rats (2008) International Journal of Experimental Pathology, 89 (4), pp. 264-275. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00588.xKawai, A., Kuzuya, N., On the role of glucocorticoid in glucose-induced insulin secretion (1977) Hormone and Metabolic Research, 9 (5), pp. 361-365Burén, J., Lai, Y.C., Lundgren, M., Eriksson, J.W., Jensen, J., Insulin action and signalling in fat and muscle from dexamethasone- treated rats (2008) Arch Biochem Biophys, 474, pp. 91-101Mokuda, O., Sakamoto, Y., Ikeda, T., Mashiba, H., Sensitivity and responsiveness of glucose output to insulin in isolated perfused liver from dexamethasone-treated rats (1991) Horm Metab Res, 23, pp. 53-55Beard, J.C., Halter, J.B., Best, J.D., Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance enhances B cell responsiveness to glucose level in normal men (1984) American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10 (5), pp. E592-E596Novelli, M., De Tata, V., Bombara, M., Lorenzini, A., Masini, M., Pollera, M., Bergamini, E., Masiello, P., Insufficient adaptive capability of pancreatic endocrine function in dexamethasone-treated ageing rats (1999) Journal of Endocrinology, 162 (3), pp. 425-432. , DOI 10.1677/joe.0.1620425Sood, A., Ismail-Beigi, F., Effect of dexamethasone on insulin secretion: Examination of some underlying mechanisms (2010) Endocr Pract, 29, pp. 1-24Qi, D., Pulinilkunnil, T., An, D., Ghosh, S., Abrahani, A., Pospisilik, J.A., Brownsey, R., Rodrigues, B., Single-dose dexamethasone induces whole-body insulin resistance and alters both cardiac fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism (2004) Diabetes, 53 (7), pp. 1790-1797. , DOI 10.2337/diabetes.53.7.1790Zakrzewska, K.E., Cusin, I., Stricker-Krongrad, A., Boss, O., Ricquier, D., Jeanrenaud, B., Rohner-Jeanrenaud, F., Induction of obesity and hyperleptinemia by central glucocorticoid infusion in the rat (1999) Diabetes, 48 (2), pp. 365-370. , DOI 10.2337/diabetes.48.2.365Angelini, N., Rafacho, A., Boschero, A.C., Bosqueiro, J.R., Involvement of the cholinergic pathway in glucocorticoid-induced hyperinsulinemia in rats (2010) Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 87, pp. 184-191Ahrén, B., Evidences that autonomic mechanisms contribute to the adaptive increase in insulin secretion during dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in humans (2008) Diabetologia, 51, pp. 1018-1024Rafacho, A., Quallio, S., Ribeiro, D.L., Taboga, S.R., Paula, F.M., Boschero, A.C., Bosqueiro, J.R., The adaptive compensations in endocrine pancreas from glucocorticoid-treated rats are reversible after the interruption of treatment (2010) Acta Physiol, 200, pp. 223-235Weir, G.C., Laybutt, D.R., Kaneto, H., Bonner-Weir, S., Sharma, A., β-Cell adaptation and decompensation during the progression of diabetes (2001) Diabetes, 50 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S154-S15
Reduced Pancreatic β-cell Mass Is Associated With Decreased Foxo1 And Erk1/2 Protein Phosphorylation In Low-protein Malnourished Rats
No full textA low-protein diet leads to functional and structural pancreatic islet alterations, including islet hypotrophy. Insulin-signaling pathways are involved in several adaptive responses by pancreatic islets. We determined the levels of some insulin-signaling proteins related to pancreatic islet function and growth in malnourished rats. Adult male Wistar rats (N = 20 per group) were fed a 17% protein (normal-protein diet; NP) or 6% protein (low-protein diet; LP), for 8 weeks. At the end of this period, blood glucose and serum insulin and albumin levels were measured. The morphometric parameters of the endocrine pancreas and the content of some proteins in islet lysates were determined. The β-cell mass was significantly reduced (≅65%) in normoglycemic but hypoinsulinemic LP rats compared to NP rats. Associated with these alterations, a significant 30% reduction in insulin receptor substrate-1 and a 70% increase in insulin receptor substrate-2 protein content were observed in LP islets compared to NP islets. The phosphorylated serine-threonine protein kinase (pAkt)/Akt protein ratio was similar in LP and NP islets. The phosphorylated forkhead-O1 (pFoxO1)/FoxO1 protein ratio was decreased by 43% in LP islets compared to NP islets (P < 0.05). Finally, the ratio of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (pErk1/2) to total Erk1/2 protein levels was decreased by 71% in LP islets compared to NP islets (P < 0.05). Therefore, the reduced β-cell mass observed in LP rats is associated with the reduction of phosphorylation in mitogenic-related signals, FoxO1 and Erk proteins. The cause/effect basis of this association remains to be determined.4210935941Snoeck, A., Remacle, C., Reusens, B., Hoet, J.J., Effect of a low protein diet during pregnancy on the fetal rat endocrine pancreas (1990) Biology of the Neonate, 57 (2), pp. 107-118Dahri, S., Snoeck, A., Reusens-Billen, B., Remacle, C., Hoet, J.J., Islet function in offspring of mothers on low-protein diet during gestation (1991) Diabetes, 40 (SUPPL. 2), pp. 115-120Petrik, J., Reusens, B., Arany, E., Remacle, C., Coelho, C., Hoet, J.J., Hill, D.J., A low protein diet alters the balance of islet cell replication and apoptosis in the fetal and neonatal rat and is associated with a reduced pancreatic expression of insulin-like growth factor-II (1999) Endocrinology, 140 (10), pp. 4861-4873Dumortier, O., Blondeau, B., Duvillie, B., Reusens, B., Breant, B., Remacle, C., Different mechanisms operating during different critical time-windows reduce rat fetal beta cell mass due to a maternal low-protein or low-energy diet (2007) Diabetologia, 50 (12), pp. 2495-2503. , DOI 10.1007/s00125-007-0811-0Ferreira, F., Filiputti, E., Arantes, V.C., Stoppiglia, L.F., Araujo, E.P., Delghingaro-Augusto, V., Latorraca, M.Q., Carneiro, E.M., Decreased cholinergic stimulation of insulin secretion by islets from rats fed a low protein diet is associated with reduced protein kinase C alpha expression (2003) Journal of Nutrition, 133 (3), pp. 695-699Giozzet, V.A.G., Rafacho, A., Boschero, A.C., Carneiro, E.M., Bosqueiro, J.R., Dexamethasone treatment in vivo counteracts the functional pancreatic islet alterations caused by malnourishment in rats (2008) Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental, 57 (5), pp. 617-624. , DOI 10.1016/j.metabol.2007.12.004, PII S0026049508000139Reis, M.A., Carneiro, E.M., Mello, M.A., Boschero, A.C., Saad, M.J., Velloso, L.A., Glucose-induced insulin secretion is impaired and insulin-induced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 are increased in protein-deficient rats (1997) J Nutr, 127, pp. 403-410Swenne, I., Borg, L.A., Crace, C.J., Schnell, L.A., Persistent reduction of pancreatic beta-cell mass after a limited period of protein-energy malnutrition in the young rat (1992) Diabetologia, 35, pp. 939-945Tse, E.O., Gregoire, F.M., Reusens, B., Remacle, C., Hoet, J.J., Johnson, P.R., Changes of islet size and islet size distribution resulting from protein-malnutrition in lean (Fa/Fa) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats (1997) Obes Res, 5, pp. 563-571Liu, Y.Q., Jetton, T.L., Leahy, J.L., Beta-cell adaptation to insulin resistance. Increased pyruvate carboxylase and malate-pyruvate shuttle activity in islets of nondiabetic Zucker fatty rats (2002) J Biol Chem, 277, pp. 39163-39168Prentki, M., Nolan, C.J., Islet beta cell failure in type 2 diabetes (2006) Journal of Clinical Investigation, 116 (7), pp. 1802-1812. , http://www.jci.org/cgi/reprint/116/7/1802.pdf, DOI 10.1172/JCI29103Rafacho, A., Giozzet, V.A., Boschero, A.C., Bosqueiro, J.R., Functional alterations in endocrine pancreas of rats with different degrees of dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance (2008) Pancreas, 36, pp. 284-293Jetton, T.L., Everill, B., Lausier, J., Roskens, V., Habibovic, A., LaRock, K., Enhanced beta-cell mass without increased proliferation following chronic mild glucose infusion (2008) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 294, pp. E679-E687Kasuga, M., Karlsson, F.A., Kahn, C.R., Insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of the 95,000-dalton subunit of its own receptor (1982) Science, 215 (4529), pp. 185-187Ullrich, A., Bell, J.R., Chen, E.Y., Human insulin receptor and its relationship to the tyrosine kinase family of oncogenes (1985) Nature, 313 (6005), pp. 756-761. , DOI 10.1038/313756a0Backer, J.M., Myers Jr., M.G., Shoelson, S.E., Chin, D.J., Sun, X.J., Miralpeix, M., Phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase is activated by association with IRS-1 during insulin stimulation (1992) EMBO J, 11, pp. 3469-3479Saad, M.J., Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance (1994) Braz J Med Biol Res, 27, pp. 941-957Sesti, G., Federici, M., Hribal, M.L., Lauro, D., Sbraccia, P., Lauro, R., Defects of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) system in human metabolic disorders (2001) FASEB Journal, 15 (12), pp. 2099-2111. , DOI 10.1096/fj.01-0009revRafacho, A., Roma, L.P., Taboga, S.R., Boschero, A.C., Bosqueiro, J.R., Dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance is associated with increased connexin 36 mRNA and protein expression in pancreatic rat islets (2007) Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 85 (5), pp. 536-545. , DOI 10.1139/Y07-037Rafacho, A., Ribeiro, D.L., Boschero, A.C., Taboga, S.R., Bosqueiro, J.R., Increased pancreatic islet mass is accompanied by activation of the insulin receptor substrate-2/serine-threonine kinase pathway and augmented cyclin D2 protein levels in insulin-resistant rats (2008) International Journal of Experimental Pathology, 89 (4), pp. 264-275. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00588.xRafacho, A., Cestari, T.M., Taboga, S.R., Boschero, A.C., Bosqueiro, J.R., High doses of dexamethasone induce increased beta-cell proliferation in pancreatic rat islets (2009) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 296, pp. E681-E689Saltiel, A.R., Kahn, C.R., Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism (2001) Nature, 414 (6865), pp. 799-806. , DOI 10.1038/414799aKulkarni, R.N., Receptors for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin receptor substrate-1 mediate pathways that regulate islet function (2002) Biochem Soc Trans, 30, pp. 317-322Okada, T., Chong, W.L., Hu, J., Hinault, C., Michael, M.D., Krutzfeldt, J., Yin, C., Kulkarni, R.N., Insulin receptors in beta-cells are critical for islet compensatory growth response to insulin resistance (2007) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104 (21), pp. 8977-8982. , DOI 10.1073/pnas.0608703104Porzio, O., Federici, M., Hribal, M.L., Lauro, D., Accili, D., Lauro, R., The Gly972→Arg amino acid polymorphism in IRS-1 impairs insulin secretion in pancreatic beta cells (1999) J Clin Invest, 104, pp. 357-364Kulkarni, R.N., Winnay, J.N., Daniels, M., Bruning, J.C., Flier, S.N., Hanahan, D., Kahn, C.R., Altered function of insulin receptor substrate 1-deficient mouse islets and cultured beta-cell lines (1999) Journal of Clinical Investigation, 104 (12), pp. R69-R75Hennige, A.M., Ozcan, U., Okada, T., Jhala, U.S., Schubert, M., White, M.F., Kulkarni, R.N., Alterations in growth and apoptosis of insulin receptor substrate-1-deficient beta-cells (2005) American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 289 (2), pp. E337-E346. , DOI 10.1152/ajpendo.00032.2004Withers, D.J., Gutierrez, J.S., Towery, H., Burks, D.J., Ren, J.-M., Previs, S., Zhang, Y., White, M.F., Disruption of IRS-2 causes type 2 diabetes in mice (1998) Nature, 391 (6670), pp. 900-904. , DOI 10.1038/36116Niessen, M., On the role of IRS2 in the regulation of functional beta-cell mass (2006) Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 112 (2), pp. 65-73. , DOI 10.1080/13813450600711409, PII N0HRTV1317M65040Downward, J., Mechanisms and consequences of activation of protein kinase B/Akt (1998) Current Opinion in Cell Biology, 10 (2), pp. 262-267. , DOI 10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80149-XCho, H., Thorvaldsen, J.L., Chu, Q., Feng, F., Birnbaum, M.J., Akt1/PKBalpha Is Required for Normal Growth but Dispensable for Maintenance of Glucose Homeostasis in Mice (2001) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276 (42), pp. 38349-38352. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.C100462200Kitamura, T., Ido Kitamura, Y., Role of FoxO proteins in pancreatic beta cells (2007) Endocrine Journal, 54 (4), pp. 507-515. , http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/54/4/507/_pdf, DOI 10.1507/endocrj.KR-109Johnson, J.D., Ahmed, N.T., Luciani, D.S., Han, Z., Tran, H., Fujita, J., Misler, S., Polonsky, K.S., Increased islet apoptosis in Pdx1+/- mice (2003) Journal of Clinical Investigation, 111 (8), pp. 1147-1160. , DOI 10.1172/JCI200316537Okamoto, H., Nakae, J., Kitamura, T., Park, B.-C., Dragatsis, I., Accili, D., Transgenic rescue of insulin receptor-deficient mice (2004) Journal of Clinical Investigation, 114 (2), pp. 214-223. , DOI 10.1172/JCI200421645Kitamura, T., Nakae, J., Kitamura, Y., Kido, Y., Biggs III, W.H., Wright, C.V.E., White, M.F., Accili, D., The forkhead transcription factor Foxo1 links insulin signaling to Pdx1 regulation of pancreatic beta cell growth (2002) Journal of Clinical Investigation, 110 (12), pp. 1839-1847. , DOI 10.1172/JCI200216857Mordret, G., MAP kinase kinase: A node connecting multiple pathways (1993) Biology of the Cell, 79 (3), pp. 193-207. , DOI 10.1016/0248-4900(93)90138-5Marshall, C.J., MAP kinase kinase kinase, MAP kinase kinase and MAP kinase (1994) Curr Opin Genet Dev, 4, pp. 82-89Giorgetti, S., Pelicci, P.G., Pelicci, G., Von Obberghen, E., Involvement of Src-homology/collagen (SHC) proteins in signaling through the insulin receptor and the insulin-like-growth-factor-I-receptor (1994) European Journal of Biochemistry, 223 (1), pp. 195-202. , DOI 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18983.xHolt, K.H., Kasson, B.G., Pessin, J.E., Insulin stimulation of a MEK-dependent but ERK-independent SOS protein kinase (1996) Molecular and Cellular Biology, 16 (2), pp. 577-583Lingohr, M.K., Dickson, L.M., McCuaig, J.F., Hugl, S.R., Twardzik, D.R., Rhodes, C.J., Activation of IRS-2-mediated signal transduction by IGF-1, but not TGF-alpha or EGF, augments pancreatic beta-cell proliferation (2002) Diabetes, 51, pp. 966-97
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Financial Summit: J.R. Briggs & Dave Briggs
No full textDave and J.R. Briggs speak on stewardship of finances.
Dave Briggs currently serves as the stewardship director at Central Christian Church of Arizona. Previously he served in a similar role at Willowcreek Church and prior to that was a finance manager for GE for 27 years. He has developed numerous financial seminars and classes and regularly speaks at churches and conferences around the country. Dave and his wife Debbie had two sons attend Taylor and served for three years on the Taylor Parents’ Cabinet.
J.R. Briggs wears a variety of ministry hats. On a local level, he serves as one of the pastors of The Renew Community. He is also the Founder and Director of Kairos Partnerships and Director of Leadership and Congregation Formation for the Ecclesia Network. He is a life coach, consultant, frequent speaker, and author of seven books. He and his wife Megan, along with their two sons Carter and Bennett, live in the Philadelphia area
The effect of turbulence on particle impaction om a cylinder in a cross flow
No full textParticle impaction on a cylinder in a cross flow is investigated with the use of Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS), with a focus on the effect of turbulence on the impaction efficiency. It is found that for particles with Stokes numbers in the boundary stopping mode there is up to ten times more front side impaction for turbulence with a large integral scale, than for a corresponding laminar flow. The back side impaction efficiency is also found to be influenced by the turbulence. The highest back side impaction efficiency is found for turbulence with small integral scales
J.R. Léveillé, 45th Annual ODU Literary Festival
No full textJ. R. Léveillé is a renowned figure in Franco-Manitoban and francophone literature. He is the author of over thirty interdisciplinary works of poetry, fiction, television documentaries and theater. He is included in many anthologies and his work is studied in many Canadian schools. His 2001 novel, The Setting Lake Sun (Le soleil du lac qui se couche) won the Prix Rue-Deschambault prize in 2002 and was selected for the 2020 edition of Le Combat des Livres. Some of his recent works include New York Trip (2003); Pierre Lardon (2011); Poème, Pierre, Prière (Poeme, Rock, Prayer, 2011); L\u27Invocation de Rutebeuf et the Villion (2012); Ganiishomong, ou l\u27extase du temps (2020) and Ex-Nihilo in 2021 with E.D. Blodgett. He was awarded the Manitoba Arts Council\u27s Award of Distinction in 2012
Romans en marge: les trois premières fictions de J.R. Léveillé
No full textLors de la publication des trois premières fictions de J.R. Léveillé: Tombeau (1968), La disparate (1975) et Plage (1984) – qui ont été rééditées dans l’oeuvre intitulée Romans –, la critique littéraire avait souligné le caractère d’avant-garde innovateur du style d’écriture de l’écrivain franco-manitobain. Issu d’un milieu minoritaire, et proposant des textes en marge du mainstream, J.R. Léveillé incarne, à notre avis, l’artiste postmoderne par excellence qui conçoit chaque «projet d’écriture» sous un nouvel angle expérimental. À l’instar de Rimbaud, J.R. Léveillé déploie différentes stratégies pour dérégler non seulement les sens, mais aussi «le sens», ou la cohérence attendue d’un récit. Une étude des procédés mis en oeuvre dans ces trois fictions nous permettra de voir, d’une part, comment le matériau premier du texte, à savoir les mots et les images, est manipulé par l’auteur et quel impact ces manipulations ont sur la cohérence attendue d’un récit. Nous espérons, d’autre part, pouvoir dégager la portée d’une telle écriture qui se renouvelle avec chaque nouveau titre en explorant la richesse de la marge, voire de «l’extrême marge».When the first three fictional works of Franco-Manitoban writer J.R. Léveillé were published (Tombeau, 1968, La disparate, 1975, and Plage, 1984, reissued in a single collection entitled Romans in 1995), literary critics pointed up the innovative, avant-garde character of Léveillé’s writing. J.R. Léveillé, a member of the French-speaking minority who produces writing that keeps resolutely to the fringes, is, in our opinion, the epitome of a post-modern artist, conceiving each new writing project from a new, experimental angle. Like Rimbaud, J.R. Léveillé deploys a variety of strategies to muddle not only the senses, but the meaning, direction, and coherency expected from a story. By examining the processes used in these three works of fiction, we will show, first of all, how the raw materials of the text—namely, the words and the images—are handled by the author, along with the impact that this handling has on the coherency expected from the story. Subsequently, we hope to flesh out the scope of such writing, which redefines itself with each new title, exploring the rich territory of the fringes, nay, the outer limits of the fringes
Forms of judaism in writings of F.R. Kraus, František Kafka, Hana Bělohradská and J.R. Pick
No full textTéma této práce zní Podoby židovství v dílech F.R. Krause, Františka Kafky, Hany Bělohradské a J.R. Picka. Soustředila jsem se na méně známé české autory, kteří se ve své tvorbě věnovali tématu židovství. Jedná se o texty související s 2. světovou válkou. V úvodu je nastíněn stručný přehled o působení Židů na našem území, následuje představení zvolené čtveřice autorů. Hlavním cílem bylo přiblížit a rozebrat vybraná díla a v závěru shrnout jejich odlišné a podobné znaky. Současně byly tyto texty zařazeny do kontextu české prózy s tematikou okupace.Katedra českého jazyka a literaturyObhájenoThe theme of this bachelor work is called Forms of judaism in writings of F.R. Kraus, František Kafka, Hana Bělohradská and J.R. Pick. In this thesis the author tried to concentrate on a few less-known Czech writers, who devoted their writing to the fate of Jews during the Second World War. In the first part of this work the author outlined the influence of the Jewish etnic group on the population of our country, with the aim to gain orientation in the historical backgound of that time. Next the author analysed the texts of selected books with the Jewish theme from different points of view and in the end of her work compared the books she used. In the closing of this work there is a contextual classification of the mentioned books into the category of works with the topic of occupation, from the end of the Second World War until today
- …
