170,437 research outputs found
Le Reti di comunicazione elettronica
No full textIL contributo esamina, nella prospettiva delle infrastrutture di rete dei mercati regolati, il settore della regolazione delle comunicazioni elettroniche nella loro evoluzione e nel diritto vigente
Les «roches vertes Alpines ». Production et Circulations Neolithiques en Italie Septentrionale
No full textThe “alpine greenstones” are high pressure metaophiolites (eclogites, jades, serpentinites, omphacitic and glaucophanic schists...), a row material used for the production of polished artifacts (axe-blades, bracelets...). Their use started in the Early Neolithic (half of the 5th millennium BC) and finished during 3rd millennium. The sources of raw material are the primary outcrops of the group of Voltri, the Mont Viso, the Suse and Aoste valleys, the derived Oligocene conglomeratic deposits, the unconsolidated clastic deposits on the Alps and Apennine valleys as well as the alluvial and the morainic deposits (Piedmont, Ligury, Aoste Valley, Southwestern Lombardy). Raw materials from the primary alpine were privileged for the production of the large ceremonial blades of European distribution. The detritus origin prevails for the manufacture of utilitarian blades discovered in Northern Italy. The site of Rivanazzano is presented here by its exceptional characteristics; the technological observations and the petrographic analysis allow comparisons with some Neolithic sites of Northern Italy and allot to Rivanazzano a specialized function of center of production
The Urban Dimension of Innovation Policy. Roxbury Innovation Center
No full textThe paper intends to explore a new paradigm of urban development process driven by the increasing demand of innovation. The aim is to demonstrate how innovation has become part of the urban settlement dynamics towards regeneration processes. Spurring innovation through knowledge-based economy has been driving the design of public development policies. Knowledge generates economic growth by stimulating the potential of entrepreneurship and innovation. In this context, cities are emerging as knowledge hubs, able to attract high-skilled workers, generate creativity and innovation and provide advanced services and infrastructures connected through formal and informal network systems. Findings from the MAPS-LED project (Horizon-2020) show how in specific urban areas the knowledge dynamics in activating the concentration of innovation generate spillover effects, which supported by urban planning tools, allow the expansion of innovation and the generation of physical transformations. Among the case studies of the MAPS-LED project, the Roxbury Innovation Center (Boston, MA) has been investigated as an emblematic case of public initiative to spur economic development and urban regeneration processes through innovation. The public authority of the city of Boston, trough the creation of this public Innovation Center is trying to generate a positive impact on the local community by providing the necessary tools, workspaces, connections and programs to enhance the development of the knowledgebased economy and support startups and entrepreneurs
Constantine: automatic side-channel resistance using efficient control and data flow linearization
No full textIn the era of microarchitectural side channels, vendors scramble to deploy mitigations for transient execution attacks, but leave traditional side-channel attacks against sensitive software (e.g., crypto programs) to be fixed by developers by means of constant-time programming (i.e., absence of secret-dependent code/data patterns). Unfortunately, writing constant-time code by hand is hard, as evidenced by the many flaws discovered in production side channel-resistant code. Prior efforts to automatically transform programs into constant-time equivalents offer limited security or compatibility guarantees, hindering their applicability to real-world software. In this paper, we present Constantine, a compiler-based system to automatically harden programs against microarchitectural side channels. Constantine pursues a radical design point where secret-dependent control and data flows are completely linearized (i.e., all involved code/data accesses are always executed). This strategy provides strong security and compatibility guarantees by construction, but its natural implementation leads to state explosion in real-world programs. To address this challenge, Constantine relies on carefully designed optimizations such as just-in-time loop linearization and aggressive function cloning for fully context-sensitive points-to analysis, which not only address state explosion, but also lead to an efficient and compatible solution. Constantine yields overheads as low as 16% on standard benchmarks and can handle a fully-fledged component from the production wolfSSL library
The ROP needle: Hiding trigger-based injection vectors via code reuse
No full textIn recent years, researchers have come up with proof of concepts of seemingly benign applications such as InstaStock and Jekyll that remain dormant until triggered by an attacker-crafted condition, which activates a malicious behavior, eluding code review and signing mechanisms. In this paper, we make a step forward by describing a stealthy injection vector design approach based on Return Oriented Programming (ROP) code reuse that provides two main novel features: 1) the ability to defer the specification of the malicious behavior until the attack is struck, allowing fine-grained targeting of the malware and reuse of the same infection vector for delivering multiple payloads over time; 2) the ability to conceal the ROP chain that specifies the malicious behavior to an analyst by using encryption. We argue that such an infection vector might be a dangerous weapon in the hands of advanced persistent threat actors. As an additional contribution, we report on a preliminary experimental investigation that seems to suggest that ROP-encoded malicious payloads are likely to pass unnoticed by current security solutions, making ROP an effective malware design ingredient
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Pro-metastatic signaling by c-Met through RAC-1 and reactive oxygen species (ROS)
No full textOverexpression of the c-Met/hepatocyte growth factor receptor(HGF-R) proto-oncogene and abnormal generation of intracellular oxygen species (reactive oxygen species (ROS)) have been linked, by independent lines of evidence, to cell transformation and to malignant growth. By comparing two subpopulations of the B16 mouse melanoma (B16-F0 and B16-F10) endowed with different lung metastasis capacities (low and high, respectively) we found that both the expression/phosphorylation of c-Met and the steady-state levels of ROS positively correlated with metastatic growth. shRNA-mediated downregulation of c-Met in F10 cells led to a parallel decrease in the generation of oxygen species and in metastatic capacity, suggesting that oxidants may mediate the pro-metastatic activity of the HGF receptor. c-Met activation by a ligand elicits the formation of oxidant species through the oxidase-coupled small GTPase Rac-1, a relevant downstream target of the HGF-R. Moreover, cell treatment with the catalytic ROS scavengers EUK-134 and EUK-189 attenuates Met signaling to ERKs and inhibits the anchorage-independent growth of F10 cells, consistent with a critical role for oxygen species in HGF signaling and in aggressive cell behavior. Finally, genetic manipulation of the Rac-ROS cascade at different levels demonstrated its crucial role in the pro-metastatic activity of c-Met in vivo. Thus, we have outlined a novel cascade triggered by c-Met and mediated by ROS, linked to metastasis and potentially targetable by new antimetastatic, redox-based therapies. © 2006 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved
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