127 research outputs found
Crystallographic Characteristics of Hydroxylapatite in Hard Tissues of Cololabis saira
No full textX-ray micro diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared were employed to investigate the crystallographic characteristics of the inorganic mineral existing in bones of Cololabis saira. The results show that the crystal phase in hard tissues of Cololabis saira is hydroxylapatite (HAP). Chemical composition analysis reveals that the HAP in hard tissues lacks P and is rich in Ca. Refined lattice parameters of HAP show that a = 0.93622–0.93787 nm and c = 0.68549–0.69011 nm. The domain sizes calculated from the Scherrer equation are 18.9–20.7 nm long along the c-axis and about 6.2 nm thick perpendicular to the c-axis, and is well evidenced by TEM data. The crystallinity of HAP is poor compared with natural HAP. In situ X-ray micro diffraction patterns measured from raw hard tissue show a very strong reflection from the (002) and (004) lattice planes on the cross-section of bone and nearly no reflection from the (002) and (004) lattice planes on elongation surface of bone. Compared with the XRD pattern of standard HAP data and from the textural index R values, it indicates that the HAP in the hard tissues of Cololabis saira has a strong preferring orientation along the crystallographic c-axis. This is verified by Fourier transform infrared on the elongation surface of bone and by selected area electron diffraction of HRTEM on the section perpendicular to elongation of bone. A quantitative textural degree index DR is proposed. The crystallographic characteristics of bio-hydroxylapatites (particle size, crystallinity and preferring orientation) are designed by tissue function and controlled by organic matrix to provide a good mechanical performance
Growth and maturation of Pacific saury Cololabis saira under laboratory conditions
Get PDFThis study details the growth and maturation processes of Pacific saury Cololabis saira from eggs to first spawning under laboratory conditions. They were reared at 20°C, and fed almost to satiation every day. There was no significant difference in the knob length (KnL) between males and females, and so data for both sexes were combined in the following Gompertz growth formula: KnL t = 277.1 exp[−exp(−0.015 (t − 83.8))]. The first spawning was observed 243 days after hatching (DAH). At the beginning of spawning, when the mean KnL was about 250 mm, only several hundred eggs were spawned at most. The spawning continued, and the number of spawned eggs increased notably after 260 DAH. Correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis of the gonad somatic index (GSI) of Pacific saury versus KnL, CF, and DAH revealed that only DAH (R = 0.88 and 0.72 for males and females, respectively) was significantly correlated with GSI of Pacific saury (P < 0.001). This result suggests that DAH is one of the most influential factors for maturation in this species
تدریس اردو میں بلوم ٹیکسانومی کا اطلاق: تجزیہ و مطالعہ
No full textA language is the pivot element in the domains of every type of art and literature. The more one masters a language , the more harmony is there in its expression. The legacy of the culture and civilization is passed onto the younger generations only through the teaching of the language. In the education sector of Pakistan, the Urdu language holds a great importance as a primary subject. As Urdu language complements the individual and national needs, so the teaching of urdu as a subject is considered very important from the earlier grades to higher ones. In 1956, an educational Bycologist, Dr. Benjamin Bloom, categorized the levels of educational objectives which is termed as Bloom’s Taxonomy. Its aim is to build up the thought, with high level of observation and conclusion rather than cramming in the field of education. These are, infact, the different levels of the questions which activate a man’s thoughts and opinions. Though more than half of the century has passed, still Bloom’s Taxonomy has not been implemented for the teaching of urdu language. Therefore, for an effective teaching of Urdu language, the analysis of text book according to Bloom’s taxonomy is the need of the time. In this article, the role and application of Bloom’s taxonomy for the teaching of urdu has been discussed and presented.
“Enjoin the good, prevent the harmful” – the intersection of theory and practice in the implementation of<i>sharīʿa</i>for Muslims in Western societies: the case of medical ethics in Britain
No full textThis paper explores the theoretical Islamic legal framework and methodology used by Islamic religo-legal authorities (sing. muftī) in issuing rulings (sing. fatwa) regarding contemporary medico-ethical issues of concern to Muslim minorities, health professionals and policy makers in Britain. The author demonstrates that the guiding principle used by Islamic religo-legal authorities related to medico-ethical issues in Britain is the Quranic precept of, “Enjoin the good, prevent the harmful”. In particular, the Islamic legal instrument of maslaha (public interest) is used to arrive at rulings in a process in which the role of the muftī is crucial. The author shows that the muftī is able to legitimately function in a contemporary liberal society such as Britain because of the private nature of his authority that has historically been vested in this position. The paper also explores how the operation of the sharī’a in Britain may potentially intersect with the British legal system and some of the consequences that arise from this potentiality. The author concludes by reflecting upon what the issues raised in this paper indicate for the broader themes related to the integration of Muslims into contemporary liberal societies
Isolation and characteristics of trypsin inhibitor from the hepatopancreas of a squid (Todarodes pacificus)
Get PDFTrypsin inhibitor was purified from the hepatopancreas of squid (Todarodes pacificus). The final inhibitor preparation was nearly homogeneous by SDS-PAGE with an estimated molecular weight of approximately 6300. The squid trypsin inhibitor was acid- and heat-stable, and active against trypsins from the pyloric ceca of starfish (Asterias amurensis) and saury (Cololabis saira) and porcine pancreatic trypsin. Amino acid composition of the squid trypsin inhibitor was compared with other invertebrate trypsin inhibitors. The squid trypsin inhibitor inhibited the autolysis of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) myofibrillar proteins
مشنریز مقاصد اور اردو ادب
No full textTo defame Islam, the missionaries used the Urdu language as a medium and hired the services of many poets in this language who were paid heavily to write poems. Among these poets, there were many people who converted their religion to Christianity instead of Islam due to the greed of money. These poets were attracting Muslims towards Christianity because of their weak beliefs, Among these poets are Azad, Angelo, Sefir, Salik, Bimar, Khak, Gul Amritsari etc. While Urdu novelists made Christian conspiracies the subject of their novels. Among them are Aslam Rahi, Qamar Ajnalvi, Sadiq Hussain Siddiqui, Naseem Hijazi, Asghar Ali Chaudhry, Almas MA, Al-Tamish, Ahmed Shuja Pasha and Rashid Akhtar Nadvi. Urdu poetry promotes missionary objectives while Urdu novels cover the internal and external intrigues and policies of the missionaries.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene Grafted Nanohybrids by Graft Polymerization
No full textPopulation Diversity and Role in the Socioeconomic Development of Domestic Buffaloes of Rural Areas of District Haripur, KPK Pakistan
Get PDFThis study conducted as a type of survey in a time period duration of 6 month that starts from the end of the march to the end of September total of the 1000 houses were visited from each of the selected villages of Haripur Pakistan along with 100 dairy farms study carried out by the questionnaires and by the direct meeting with the keepers of buffalos. Four villages were selected where the highest population of buffaloes were found in Syria maira. The farm buffalos were kept mostly for the purpose of selling the milk Results showed that the most of the areas the buffalo keeping is for the purpose of selling the milk wile in other where the selling rate is not found they keep them for their own food and milk purposes. It facilitate their economic status to rise as a part time job. Government should take steps to rise there stander
Population Diversity and Role in the Socioeconomic Development of Domestic Buffaloes of Rural Areas of District Haripur, KPK Pakistan
No full textSonochemical Modification of Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Nanocomposite Performance
Get PDFMulti-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been treated using 20 kHz ultrasound in combination with dilute nitric and sulfuric acids at much lower concentrations than previously reported. The measurements revealed an optimum set of sonication conditions (in this case 30 min at 12 W cm−2) exists to overcome aggregation of the nanotubes and to allow efficient dispersion in ethanol or in chitosan. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy suggested the removal of amorphous material and reduction of the CNT diameter as well as modifications to their defect structures. The surface oxidation was determined by FTIR spectroscopy. At longer times or higher ultrasound intensities, degradation such as nanotube shortening and additional defect generation in the graphitic network occurred and the benefits of using ultrasound decreased. The modified CNTs were used as fillers for chitosan films and gave a tenfold increase in tensile strength and integrity of the films. The methodology was combined with sonochemical generation of gold or iron oxide nanoparticles to produce a range of functional membranes for catalytic reductive hydrogenation or dye degradation under conditions that are more environmentally benign than those previously used. Our results further add to the usefulness of sonochemistry as a valuable tool in preparative materials chemistry but also illustrate the crucial importance of careful control over the experimental conditions if optimum results are to be obtained
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