12 research outputs found
MANFAAT SERAT SISAL (Agave sisalana L.) DAN BAMBU (Bambusoideae) UNTUK MEMENUHI KEBUTUHAN MASYARAKAT MODERN
Full text linkKebutuhan masyarakat modern sangat banyak di antaranya kebutuhan yang berbahan baku sisal maupun bambu, contohnya: peralatan rumah tangga, tambang kapal, terpal, peralatan bangunan (properti). Di samping manfaat tersebut di atas, sisal dan bambu juga bermanfaat untuk mencegah erosi tanah di kawasan yang berlahan kritis, sehingga dapat mencegah tanah longsor maupun banjir di kawasan hilir yang diakibatkan pendangkalan sungai. Tanaman ini dapat ditumpangsarikan dengan tanaman semusim misalnya kacang tanah maupun jagung sehingga dapat memperkecil resiko kegagalan panen dan mempercepat penerimaan hasil usahatani bagi petani yang mengusahakan sebelum tanaman sisal dapat dipanen. Keistimewaan lain tanaman bambu adalah dapat menabung + 90% air hujan sehingga dapat memperbesar sumber air di kawasan hulu yang sebagian besar berlahan kritis/kering, sehingga bermanfaat dalam pengadaan air di kawasan hulu maupun memperbesar debit air sungai di kawasan hilir. Kata kunci: bambu, bahan baku, perbaikan lingkungan, sisa
Microbiological Examination and Proficiency Testing in Dairy Laboratories
Full text linkU ovome su članku prikazani glavni čimbenici u procjeni mikrobiološkog ispitivanja hrane. Prikazano je nekoliko točaka validacije kvantitativnih i kvalitativnih mikrobioloških metoda. Osim toga, definiraju se izrazi "sukladnost" i "istovjetnost" referentne metode s "internom" metodom u smislu akreditacija metoda. Članak opisuje kako evaluirati rutinsku metodu u odnosu na referentne/službene metode s obzirom na rezultate dobivene brojenjem automatskim epifluorescentnim mikroskopom s pomoću uređaja BactoScan 8000 namijenjenog za utvrđivanje bakteriološke kakvoće mlijeka te daje opće upute za usporedbu navedenih metoda. Tu je i pregled aspekata osiguranja kakvoće koji se uzimaju u obzir u primjeni rutinske metode te primjer međulaboratorijske prosudbe vrsnosti uz pomoć epifluorescentne mikroskopske metode koja je uobičajena u laboratorijima za mliječne proizvode.This paper considers the main factors in the assessment of microbiological examination of food and discusses a few points related to validation of quantitative and qualitative microbiological methods. Within the scope of accredited methods, the author defines the terms such as conform reference, equivalence of reference method, and in-house method. The paper describes evaluation of a routine method with respect to the official method based on results obtained by automatic epifluorescent microscopy using the BactoScan 8000 instrument for determination of bacteriological quality of milk and provides general guidance for the establishment of a conversion relationship between the two methods. The paper gives an overview of the quality assurance aspects involved in the application of the routine method and concludes with an example of interlaboratory proficiency study for the epifluorescent microscopic method which is regularly applied in dairy laboratories
Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Tani dan Persepsi Petani terhadap Penggunaan Varietas Unggul Kapas
Full text linkBalittas telah melepas tiga varietas baru kapas seri Kanesia yang mempunyai ketahanan moderat terhadap Amrasca biguttulla, yaitu Kanesia 11, Kanesia 12, dan Kanesia 13. Analisis ekonomi dan persepsi pengguna terhadap varietas-varietas kapas yang telah dilepas dapat memberikan informasi tentang kelayakan suatu varietas untuk dapat dikembangkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang analisis ekonomi dan persepsi pengguna tentang varietas kapas Indonesia (Kanesia) yang mempunyai sifat ketahanan terhadap A. biguttulla. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di daerah pengembangan kapas di Kecamatan Jati, Kabupaten Blora, Jawa Tengah dari Maret–Oktober 2008. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan varietas Kane-sia 10, 11, 12, 13, dan Kanesia 8 sebagai pembanding. Pada kegiatan ini digunakan metode demonstrasi plot dan wawancara. Demonstrasi plot merupakan petak percobaan yang ditanami varietas yang akan di-analisis kelayakannya. Kegiatan ini menggunakan lahan seluas 4 hektar yang dimiliki oleh 11 orang petani. Tata tanam mengikuti pola yang diterapkan petani di Blora dan teknologi budi daya lain diterapkan sesuai rekomendasi Balittas. Pada kegiatan ini analisis kelayakan USAha tani kapas varietas baru dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil USAha tani secara parsial pada musim tanam jagung dan kapas, yaitu kegiatan pada akhir bulan April sampai dengan awal hingga akhir bulan Agustus. Analisis dilakukan dengan membanding-kan hasil USAha tani varietas-varietas baru pada lahan petani peserta kegiatan ini dengan USAha tani varietas yang sudah digunakan di wilayah tersebut (ISA 205A) di lahan petani IKR dan dengan hasil USAha tani ja-gung di lahan petani yang tidak menanam kapas tumpang sari dengan jagung. Produksi kapas berbiji dari varietas-varietas baru yang diuji pada lahan petani peserta tidak berbeda nyata, tetapi lebih tinggi diban-dingkan dengan produksi varietas pembanding Kanesia 8 sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa varietas-varietas baru tersebut lebih unggul produktivitasnya dibandingkan Kanesia 8. Budi daya tumpang sari kapas varietas baru dengan jagung memberikan pendapatan yang lebih baik dibandingkan Kanesia 8. Akan tetapi, jika di-bandingkan dengan USAha tani jagung + kapas varietas ISA 205A atau dengan pendapatan USAha tani ja-gung monokultur, maka pendapatan USAha tani varietas-varietas baru ini jauh lebih rendah. Faktor yang ber-pengaruh terhadap perbedaan ini adalah waktu tanam, serta penggunaan input saprodi dan tenaga kerja. Di antara varietas-varietas unggul baru yang diintroduksikan, preferensi petani tertinggi adalah pada Kanesia 10, karena produktivitasnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan produksi varietas lainnya. Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute (IToFCRI) has released three cotton varieties which are moderate resistant to A. biguttulla, namely Kanesia 11, Kanesia 12, and Kanesia 13. Economic analysis and users' perception to the new varieties would provide in important information of the variety's feasibility for cotton development. The aim of this research activity was to obtain information about economic analysis and user's perception of the newly released cotton varieties with moderately resistant to A. biguttulla. This research was conducted in cotton development area, in Jati, Blora, Central Java from March–October 2008. This research used cotton varieties, i.e. Kanesia 10, 11, 12, 13, and Kanesia 8 as a comparison. This re-search used demonstration plots and interview. Demonstration plots were plots where the evaluated varie-ties will be analyzed for their feasibility. This research activity used 4 hectares owned by 11 farmers. Planting system was as farmer's practice, i.e., cotton intercropped with maize and cultivation technology recom-mended by IToFCRI. This analysis was done by comparing partially farming output of the new varieties planted by participant farmers with that of established varieties (ISA 205A) planted by non-participant farmers and with maize planted by non-participant farmers on April–August 2008. Cotton seed production of the new varieties was not significantly different, however, it was significantly higher than that of the compa-rison variety (Kanesia 8), so that those newly releases varieties are superior to the previously released va-riety. Intercropping maize with new cotton varieties gave a higher income than that with Kanesia 8. How-ever, it was much lower when comparing with the farming output of monoculture maize. Factors affected this different include planting time, the use of farming inputs including man power. Among the introduced cotton varieties, farmer's preference was to Kanesia 10, because of its production performance
Pengaruh Sumber Pupuk Organik Terhadap Penampilan Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Pada Tata Tanam Baris Ganda Benih Ganda
No full textIncreased productivity of sugarcane in upland area can be done through the implementation of the integration of manure with a high dose of inorganic fertilizer in the double rows and twice plant populations of single row (“double rows double seeds”) planting arrangement. Limited availability of manure and inorganic fertilizer entails the replacement of manure with green manure fertilizer. The research was aimed to obtain a green manure as replacement manure that can be intercropped in the double rows double seeds planting arrangement. The experiment was done in the Asembagus Experimental Station, Situbondo, East Java on January to December 2014 for plant cane (PC) and from January to December 2015 for ratoon cane (RC). Treatments were arranged in a Randomized Block Design time for replication. The treatment includes (1) the four rows of Crotalaria juncea, (2) two rows of Crotalaria juncea, (3) four rows of peanuts in width between rows of sugar cane, (4) manure, and (5) no organic fertilizer. The results showed that the integration of organic fertilizer with a low dose of inorganic fertilizers increases productivity and sugar yield 5.20 to 41.78% and 33.33 to 69.90%, respectively in PC and 7.33 to 32.67% and 5.74 to 29.61%, respectively in RC from no organic fertilizer. Four rows of Crotalaria juncea could replace the role of manure in improving the productivity and sugar yield for PC and two rows of Crotalaria juncea for RC
Penampilan Beberapa Klon Kapuk Sebagai Tanaman Lorong Dengan Tanaman Sela Ubi Kayu
Full text linkPerformance of kapok clones as alley crops with cassavaas their cash cropsIncreasing of kapok productivity gives positive impact to farmer'sincome and foreign exchange. One of the efforts to increase kapokproductivity is by genetic potential improvement. Beside increasing theproductivity, farmer's income could be increased by utilization of landunder kapok trees with cash crops. The objective of this research was tofind out kapok clones having high yield and suitable as alley cropsintercropped with cassava. The activity was conducted at NgemplakExperimental Garden, Pati from January 2002 to December 2002. Kapokclones were planted on January 1998. This research was arranged inrandomized block design with 3 replications. Twelve kapok clones whichwere 4 years old were tested as alley crops with cassava as cash crops. Theresults showed that clone E22 was suitable as alley crop with cassava ascash crops. The yield of the clone was 1,143.8 kg pods per ha and cassavaproduction was 13,896 kg/ha. The combinations of clone E22 as alley cropwith cassava as cash crops gave income to the farmers Rp. 2,999,010 perha
Analisis Ekonomi Penggunaan Minyak Biji Kapas (MBK) untuk Bahan Bakar Nabati
Full text linkPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara ekonomi efisiensi penggunaan minyak biji kapas sebagai bahan bakar nabati (BBN) untuk kompor Semawar 203. Perlakuan yang diteliti sebanyak lima perlakuan, yaitu (1) 100% minyak biji kapas, (2) 75% minyak biji kapas dicampur 25% kerosin, (3) 50% minyak biji ka-pas dicampur 50% kerosin, (4) 25% minyak biji kapas dicampur 75% kerosin, (5) 100% kerosin. Hasil pene-litian menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan kompor tekan Semawar tipe 203 dengan bahan bakar campuran antara 50% minyak biji kapas (MBK) dan 50% kerosin menunjukkan efisiensi tertinggi. Dengan biaya sebesar Rp 689,00 mampu untuk mendidihkan 2 liter air dalam waktu 6,20 menit (waktu didihnya pa-ling cepat di antara perlakuan lainnya). Purpose of this study was to analyze the efficiency of cotton seed oil used as a biofuel using Semawar 203 stove. The treatments consist of, i.e.: (1) 100% cotton seed oil, (2) 75% cotton seed oil mixture 25% kero-sene, (3) 50% cotton seed oil mixture 50% kerosene, (4) 25% cotton seed oil mixture 75% kerosene, (5) 100% kerosene. The results showed that by using the stove press Semawar type 203 with a fuel mixture of 50% cotton seed oil and 50% kerosene had the highest efficiency of cost. At a cost of Rp689,00 the mixture was able to boil 2 liters of water in 6.20 minutes (boiling time fastest among other treatments)
GNSS integer ambiguity estimation and evaluation: LAMBDA and Ps-LAMBDA
Full text linkSuccessful integer carrier-phase ambiguity resolution is crucial for high precision GNSS applications. It includes both integer estimation and evaluation. For integer estimation, the LAMBDA method has been applied in a wide variety of GNSS applications. The method’s popularity stems from its numerical efficien-cy and statistical optimality. However, before conducting ambiguity resolution, one needs to infer how reliable the fixed solution can expected to be, as incorrect fixed ambiguity solutions often lead to unacceptable positioning errors. In this pa-per, two Matlab software tools are introduced for the evaluation and integer esti-mation: Ps-LAMBDA and an updated version of LAMBDA. Evaluation of the in-teger solution is based on the ambiguity success rate. Since this probability of correct integer estimation is generally difficult to compute, easy-to-use approxi-mations and bounds of the ambiguity success rate are provided by the Ps-LAMBDA software. This success rate tool is valuable not only for inferring whether to fix the ambiguities but also for design and research purposes. For the actual integer estimation, the updated version of the LAMBDA software, provides now more options of integer estimation and integer search, including the search-and-shrink strategy. In addition, the Fixed Failure-rate Ratio Test (FF-RT) and the Fixed Critical-value Ratio Test (FC-RT) are incorporated for users to validate the significance of the fixed solution. Using these two software tools together allows for the combined execution of integer estimation and evaluation, thus benefiting multi-frequency, multi-GNSS applications.Geoscience & Remote SensingCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Reinsurance optimization using stochastic programming and risk measures
Full text linkTitle: Reinsurance optimization using stochastic programming and risk measures Author: Jan Došel Department: Department of Probability and Mathematical Statistics Supervisor: RNDr. Martin Branda, Ph.D., Department of Probability and Mathe- matical Statistics Abstract: The diploma thesis deals with an application of a stochastic progra- mming in a reinsurance optimization problem in terms of a present regulatory framework of the insurance companies within the European Union, i.e. Solvency II. In this context, the reinsurance does not only transfer a portion of the risk to the reinsurer but also reduces an amout of required capital. The thesis utilizes certain risk measures and their properties, premium principles and non-linear in- teger programming. In the theoretical part, there are basic terms from Solvency II, reinsurance, risk measures and the comonotonicity of random variables descri- bed and the optimization problem itself is derived. The approach is then applied in the practical part on data of Czech Insurers' Bureau using the GAMS software. Finally, a stability of the solution is tested depending on several parameters. Keywords: reinsurance optimization, stochastic programming, Solvency II, risk measures
Rurun Merga Silima in the Batak Karo Ethnic Group: A Social Semiotic Study
No full textThis thesis is entitled “Rurun Merga Silima in the Batak Karo Ethnic Group: A Social Semiotic Study”. This study aims to (1). Describe rurun merga silima in the Batak Karo ethnic group. (2). Describe the function of rurun merga silima in the Batak Karo ethnic group. (3). Describe the meaning of rurun merga silima in the Batak Karo ethnic group. The theory used in this study is the social semiotic theory by Pateda. The method used in this study is the qualitative method. The results obtained by the author from this study are the five clans in the Batak Karo ethnic group, including the following: Karo-karo has 17 sub-clans, each of which has a clan, namely Sekali Riong, Kemit Logos, Samura Tabong, Sitepu Ganding, Sinulingga Mangkok, Sinuraya Tabong, Sinuhaji Logos, Sinukaban Cinor, Surbakti Gajah, Kacaribu Mitut, Barus Cinor, Bukit Logos, Kaban Cinor, Ujung Logos, Purba Lagat, Ketaren Kolam and Gurusinga Pabelo. Ginting has 16 sub-merga, each of which has a rurun merga, namely babo Gajut, sugihen Nangkul, suka Mburak, rice Mbayak, anjartambun Kapor, garamata Mburak, jandibata Canggah, pase Gudam, munte Mburak, manik Mangat, sinusinga Mburak, seragih Mburak, jawak Lajor, tumangger Lajor, capah Ciak and gurupatih Gurah. Tarigan has 14 sub-merga, each of which has a rurun merga, namely kong Batu, jampang Lumbung, arid Mondan, gana-gana Gombong, Pekan Kawas, Tambak Turah, Purba Batu, Siberian Batu, Lintasit Segar, Tegur Batu, Tambun Mondan, Tua Mondan, Gerneng Kawas, and Kick Kawas. For Sembiring there are 19 sub merga, each of which has a rurun merga, namely twin merga, keloko Daram, sinulaki Rontang, sinupayung Ropo, brahmana Kawar, pandia Gobang, colia Kuliki, gurukinayan Pagoh, keling Gawah, pelawi Talah, depari Togong, putri Jambe, bunuaji Baji, meliala Jemput, maha Pasir, muham Bugan, pandebayar Jemput, sin Bugan ukapur and Jambe pressing. And warin-angin has 18 sub-merga, each of which has a rurun merga, namely mano Mundong, seshadow Rabun, pencawan Jambor, sinurat Tangko, perbesi Rabun, ulunjandi Ramban, penggarun Guni, pinem Jaren, uwir Sago, laksa Batonggan, singarimbun Kerangen, keliat Teger, kacinambun Njorang, wake up Teger, tanjung Tuluk, manjerang Batok, namohaji Gudong and sukatendel Gantang. The function of the rurun merga silima in the Karo Batak ethnic group is to make it easier to call someone and identify the origins of a person's merga. The meaning of rurun merga silima in the Karo Batak ethnicity is in the form of recognizing the character of a person's merga.110 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Tani dan Persepsi Petani terhadap Penggunaan Varietas Unggul Kapas
Full text linkBalittas telah melepas tiga varietas baru kapas seri Kanesia yang mempunyai ketahanan moderat terhadap Amrasca biguttulla, yaitu Kanesia 11, Kanesia 12, dan Kanesia 13. Analisis ekonomi dan persepsi pengguna terhadap varietas-varietas kapas yang telah dilepas dapat memberikan informasi tentang kelayakan suatu varietas untuk dapat dikembangkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang analisis ekonomi dan persepsi pengguna tentang varietas kapas Indonesia (Kanesia) yang mempunyai sifat ketahanan terhadap A. biguttulla. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di daerah pengembangan kapas di Kecamatan Jati, Kabupaten Blora, Jawa Tengah dari Maret–Oktober 2008. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan varietas Kane-sia 10, 11, 12, 13, dan Kanesia 8 sebagai pembanding. Pada kegiatan ini digunakan metode demonstrasi plot dan wawancara. Demonstrasi plot merupakan petak percobaan yang ditanami varietas yang akan di-analisis kelayakannya. Kegiatan ini menggunakan lahan seluas 4 hektar yang dimiliki oleh 11 orang petani. Tata tanam mengikuti pola yang diterapkan petani di Blora dan teknologi budi daya lain diterapkan sesuai rekomendasi Balittas. Pada kegiatan ini analisis kelayakan usaha tani kapas varietas baru dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil usaha tani secara parsial pada musim tanam jagung dan kapas, yaitu kegiatan pada akhir bulan April sampai dengan awal hingga akhir bulan Agustus. Analisis dilakukan dengan membanding-kan hasil usaha tani varietas-varietas baru pada lahan petani peserta kegiatan ini dengan usaha tani varietas yang sudah digunakan di wilayah tersebut (ISA 205A) di lahan petani IKR dan dengan hasil usaha tani ja-gung di lahan petani yang tidak menanam kapas tumpang sari dengan jagung. Produksi kapas berbiji dari varietas-varietas baru yang diuji pada lahan petani peserta tidak berbeda nyata, tetapi lebih tinggi diban-dingkan dengan produksi varietas pembanding Kanesia 8 sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa varietas-varietas baru tersebut lebih unggul produktivitasnya dibandingkan Kanesia 8. Budi daya tumpang sari kapas varietas baru dengan jagung memberikan pendapatan yang lebih baik dibandingkan Kanesia 8. Akan tetapi, jika di-bandingkan dengan usaha tani jagung + kapas varietas ISA 205A atau dengan pendapatan usaha tani ja-gung monokultur, maka pendapatan usaha tani varietas-varietas baru ini jauh lebih rendah. Faktor yang ber-pengaruh terhadap perbedaan ini adalah waktu tanam, serta penggunaan input saprodi dan tenaga kerja. Di antara varietas-varietas unggul baru yang diintroduksikan, preferensi petani tertinggi adalah pada Kanesia 10, karena produktivitasnya lebih tinggi dibandingkan produksi varietas lainnya. Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute (IToFCRI) has released three cotton varieties which are moderate resistant to A. biguttulla, namely Kanesia 11, Kanesia 12, and Kanesia 13. Economic analysis and users’ perception to the new varieties would provide in important information of the variety’s feasibility for cotton development. The aim of this research activity was to obtain information about economic analysis and user’s perception of the newly released cotton varieties with moderately resistant to A. biguttulla. This research was conducted in cotton development area, in Jati, Blora, Central Java from March–October 2008. This research used cotton varieties, i.e. Kanesia 10, 11, 12, 13, and Kanesia 8 as a comparison. This re-search used demonstration plots and interview. Demonstration plots were plots where the evaluated varie-ties will be analyzed for their feasibility. This research activity used 4 hectares owned by 11 farmers. Planting system was as farmer’s practice, i.e., cotton intercropped with maize and cultivation technology recom-mended by IToFCRI. This analysis was done by comparing partially farming output of the new varieties planted by participant farmers with that of established varieties (ISA 205A) planted by non-participant farmers and with maize planted by non-participant farmers on April–August 2008. Cotton seed production of the new varieties was not significantly different, however, it was significantly higher than that of the compa-rison variety (Kanesia 8), so that those newly releases varieties are superior to the previously released va-riety. Intercropping maize with new cotton varieties gave a higher income than that with Kanesia 8. How-ever, it was much lower when comparing with the farming output of monoculture maize. Factors affected this different include planting time, the use of farming inputs including man power. Among the introduced cotton varieties, farmer’s preference was to Kanesia 10, because of its production performance
