1,721,054 research outputs found
Reimbursing Preventive Care
No full textThe paper focuses on secondary prevention, such as diagnostic screening, medical examinations and checks-up, which refers to the early detection of disease. Secondary prevention is analyzed as a self-insurance activity reducing the negative shock of illness and can be either complement or substitute to illness treatment. This paper analyses the optimal reimbursement scheme for both prevention and treatment when each activity receives either a linear subsidy (i.e. cost sharing) or tax. Although optimal reimbursement systematically encourages treatment, it positively affects prevention if and only if prevention reduces the cost of treatment, that is in the case the two activities are substitutes. The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Theory (2004) 29, 165–186. doi:10.1023/B:GEPA.0000046568.15758.12
Competition and screening with motivated health professionals
Full text linkTwo hospitals compete for the exclusive services of health professionals, who are privately informed about their ability and motivation. Hospitals differ in their ownership structure and in the mission they pursue.The non-profit hospital sacrifices some profits to follow its mission but becomes attractive for motivated workers. In equilibrium, when both hospitals are active, the sorting of workers to hospitals is efficient and ability-neutral. Allocative distortions are decreasing in the degree of competition and disappear when hospitals are similar. The non-profit hospital tends to provide a higher amount of care and offer lower salaries than the for-profit one
Competition for Talent when Firms' Mission Matters
Full text linkWe study optimal non-linear contracts offered by a non-profit and a for-profit firm competing to attract workers, who are privately informed about their ability and motivation. Motivated workers are keen to be hired by the non-profit firm because they adhere to its mission. Workers with different ability self-select into firms depending on which organization holds a competitive advantage. This determines the sign and the composition of the wage differential between firms, which encompasses labor donations induced by motivation and the selection effect of ability. Our model thus rationalizes the mixed empirical evidence concerning for-profit vs non-profit wage differentials
Till taxes do us part: tax penalties or bonuses and the marriage decision
Full text linkThe tax regimes applied to couples in many countries including the US, France, and Germany imply either a marriage penalty or a marriage bonus. We study how they affect the decision to get married by considering two potential spouses who play a marriage proposal game. At the end of the game they may get married, live together without formal marriage, or split up. Proposing (or getting married) implies a cost that can indicate strong love. The striking property we obtain is that a marriage bonus may actually reduce the probability that a couple gets married. If the bonus is sufficiently large, signaling is no longer informative, and a pooling equilibrium in which no couples get married remains. Similarly, a marriage penalty may increase marriages. The penalty may lead to a separating equilibrium with efficiency enhancing information transmission, which was otherwise not possible
Credit Markets with Ethical Banks and Motivated Borrowers.
Full text linkThis paper investigates banks’ corporate social responsibility. Two different
competitive credit markets do exist: one for standard projects and
one for ethical ones. Ethical projects have also a social profitability, but a
lower (positive) expected revenue with respect to standard ones. Ethical
projects are financed by ethical banks and undertaken by motivated borrowers.
These borrowers obtain additional benefit (a social responsibility
premium) from accomplishing ethical projects when trading with ethical
banks.
If the expected profitability of ethical project is sufficiently close to
that of standard ones and/or the social responsibility premium of motivated
borrowers is sufficiently high, the market for ethical projects is
active and the credit market is fully segmented. This result holds true
irrespective of the information structure: only moral hazard on the borrower
side, moral hazard and screening on the borrower side, moral hazard
on the borrower side and screening on the lender side. The optimal contract
in our set-up is always a debt contract. However, its precise form
and welfare properties depend on the information structure
Credit Markets with Ethical Banks and Motivated Borrowers
Full text linkWe investigate the corporate social responsibility of banks. Lenders offer loans to standard and motivated borrowers who undertake either standard or ethical projects. Standard banks have no restriction on the types of projects for which they can provide a loan. Ethical banks, instead, commit to financing only ethical projects, which have social profitability but lower expected revenues. Motivated borrowers are keen to invest in ethical projects and to deal with ethical banks. When they are active, ethical banks increase social welfare because the matching of ethical lenders with motivated borrowers reduces the frictions caused by the agency issue
Entering a gender-neutral workplace? College students’ expectations and the impact of information provision
Full text linkThis paper explores whether college students are aware of gender disparities in academic performance and labor market outcomes, and examines the effect of providing information about these gaps. The study uses a lab experiment that includes (i) a questionnaire eliciting beliefs, (ii) a task assignment game where participants act as employers, and (iii) a game measuring willingness
to compete. The experiment features two feedback treatments: one providing information
only on gender gaps in labor market outcomes, and the other including information on both
academic performance and labor market outcomes. In another treatment, the questionnaire was
administered without providing new information to make gender salient. Results indicate that
most participants are unaware of gender gaps. Feedback treatments did not significantly affect
hiring decisions but, making gender salient, positively influenced women’s assignment to the
difficult task, particularly among those previously unaware of the gaps, possibly due to social
desirability bias. Men with implicit stereotypes were more inclined to compete regardless of
treatment, while women with implicit stereotypes competed more after receiving information on
the gap in academic performance. Overall, the study suggests that highlighting gender issues and informing women who hold implicit stereotypes can have mild positive effects
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
