1,888 research outputs found
Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture in Kyiv (Ukraine): "Crisis Induced Strategy" versus Recreational Resource
No full textFor the study 240 Kyiv households with urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) have been surveyed in 2005. Quotas were assigned to four different types of plots. A standardized questionnaire was developed to collect data on crop and animal production, inputs, sales of produce for income, importance of the plot for self-sufficiency, recreation and leisure time. A factor analysis is employed to reduce attitudinal data. Based on factor scores a cluster analysis is conducted to segment the respondents into more homogeneous groups and to show multiple purposes of UPA. Four clusters labeled as “Seekers of leisure activities”, “UPA-dependent growers”, “Recreation-oriented growers” and “Little engaged growers” are created. Multiple purposes of UPA are shown by profiling the clusters due to demographic, socioeconomic and other selected characteristics. The results show that depending on the type of plot the importance of UPA shifts from livelihood necessity to recreational resource or combines both.Urban and peri-urban agriculture, livelihood, Ukraine, Farm Management,
Indicadores de risco para a peri-implantite
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Florianópolis, 2014.O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os indicadores de risco sistêmicos e locais associados com a peri-implantite e sua prevalência. Os critérios de inclusão para o estudo compreenderam: pacientes tratados com implantes de titânio Implacil De Bortoli (São Paulo, Brasil) na Fundação para o Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico da Odontologia (FUNDECTO), da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), no período de 1998 a 2012. Foram examinados 183 pacientes, reabilitados com 916 implantes em função por pelo menos 1 ano. As variáveis foram avaliadas segundo condição sistêmica do paciente, características do implante, coroa protética e parâmetros clínicos. A regressão logística não demonstrou associação de características do implante com a PI. Houve correlação estatística positiva para histórico de doença periodontal (DP), próteses cimentadas, presença de facetas de desgaste na coroa protética e próteses totais. A PI apresentou risco aumentado em 2.20 vezes para histórico de DP, 3.62 vezes para próteses cimentadas em relação às parafusadas, 2.43 vezes na presença de facetas de desgaste na coroa protética e 16.11 vezes para próteses totais em relação as parafusadas. Foram relacionados como indicadores de risco para a PI histórico de DP, próteses cimentadas, presença de facetas de desgaste na coroa protética e próteses totais. As características dos implantes não foram relacionadas com a PI.Abstract : The aim of this study was to identify systemic and local risk indicators associated with peri-implantitis (PI) and its prevalence. Inclusion criteria for the study were patients treated with osseointegrated implants (Implacil De Bortoli, Sao Paulo, Brazil) at FUNDECTO (University of Sao Paulo, USP), from 1998 to 2012. There were examined 183 patients, rehabilitated with 916 implants in function for 1 year at least. Variables were evaluated according to patient's systemic condition, implant's characteristics, prosthetic crown and clinical parameters. Logistic regression did not show any association between implant's characteristics with PI. Also, it was identified an increased risk of 2.20 times for historic of periodontal disease (PD), 3.62 times for cemented restorations compared to screw-retained, 2.43 times when displayed wear facets on the prosthetic crown and 16.11 times for total rehabilitations when compared to single rehabilitations. There were related as risk indicators for PI the historic of periodontal disease, cemented prostheses, presence of wear facets on the prosthetic crown and in total rehabilitations. Implants' characteristics were not related with PI
Land Markets, Employment, and Resource Use in the Peri-Urban Green Zones of Maputo, Mozambique: A Case Study of Land Market Rigidities and Institutional Constraints to Economic Growth
No full textBeginning in January 1991, the U.S. Agency for International Development funded a series of studies on land, employment, and financial markets in the peri-urban areas of Maputo. Beginning in September 1991, a land-market survey involving 121 households and 162 plots of land was administered in two peri-urban green zones of Maputo-districts 4 and 6. Households were queried about their land-settlement histories, mode of land acquisition, terms and conditions of transfer, land rights, size of holdings, perceptions of tenure security, land-use practices, commercial input use, hired labor, agricultural sales and revenues, nonfarm employment and earnings, and general demographic characteristics. The present study reports findings from the land-market survey along with numerous other interviews with producers, buyers and sellers of land, local authorities, and district and national officials in Maputo and its surrounding peri-urban green zones. Section 1 is introductory while section 2 covers the legal foundation of land tenure and describes the various authorities and agencies responsible for setting and enforcing land policy in the peri-urban zone. Section 3 explains the research design and sampling frame used to select households and landholdings for the study, choice of strata, survey instruments, research questions, and data limitations. Section 4 provides a statistical profile of the household economy while section 5 examines processes of land settlement, land acquisition, types and sources of land dispute, and registration benefits. In section 6, economic and political factors are linked with land prices to explain the determination of "reservation" and "offer" prices of land and to evaluate the influence of market factors and Possible asymmetries in information and bargaining position on land-price perceptions.Land Economics/Use,
A influência da geometria do implante na perda óssea peri-implantar: um estudo de corte transversal em humanos
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Florianópolis, 2015.Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência da geometria do implante na perda óssea peri-implantar. Materiais e métodos: Pacientes tratados com implantes de titânio Implacil De Bortoli (São Paulo, Brasil) na Fundação para o Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico da Odontologia (FUNDECTO), da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), no período de 1998 a 2012 foram chamados para consulta de manutenção. Entre Abril a Novembro de 2013, foram examinados 183 pacientes reabilitados com 916 implantes em função por pelo menos um ano. A variável perda óssea marginal foi avaliada segundo o fator: tipo de implante (forma cilíndrica ou cônica e conexão hexagonal interna ou externa). Resultados: O teste t para médias de amostras independentes com variâncias desconhecidas mostrou perda óssea significante maior para os implantes cilíndricos quando se considera como ponto de referência coronal para aferir a perda óssea o topo do implante. Mas, quando se utiliza a base do colar liso como ponto de referência coronal para aferição, a situação se inverte e os implantes de forma cônica apresentam perda óssea significativamente maior. Conclusões: Todos os grupos de implantes estudados apresentaram baixos valores de perda óssea peri-implantar. A geometria do implante e o comprimento do colar liso têm significativa influência na perda óssea peri-implantar. Implantes cônicos, com micro espiras cervicais e menor comprimento de colar liso, mostraram menor perda óssea marginal.Abstract : Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of implant geometry in peri-implant bone loss. Materials and methods: From April to November 2013, there were examined 183 patients treated with osseointegrated implants (Implacil De Bortoli, Sao Paulo, Brazil) performed at FUNDECTO (University of Sao Paulo - USP) from 1998 to 2012, rehabilitated with 916 implants in function for 1 year at least. The variable marginal bone loss was assessed according to the factor type of implant (cylindrical or conical shape and internal or external hexagonal connection). Results: The t test for means of independent samples with unknown variance showed significant greater bone loss for cylindrical implants when considering the top of the implant as coronal reference point to measure bone loss the. But, when the base of smooth neck was used as a coronal reference point for measuring the conical implants have significantly higher bone loss. Conclusions: All studied implant groups had low peri-implant bone loss values. The implant geometry and the smooth neck length significantly influence peri-implant bone loss. Tapered implants with shorter smooth neck length and cervical micro threads had lower marginal bone loss
The spandrels of Santa Barbara? A new perspective on the peri-ovulation paradigm
No full textNumerous recent studies document peri-ovulatory increases in women’s physical attractiveness and in their preferences for certain male traits, which appear to be linked to cyclical fluctuation in levels of ovarian hormones. Changes in physical traits are subtle, leading to the widespread conclusion that cues of ovulation are adaptively concealed. It has been argued that concealment enables women to pursue a mixed-mating strategy characterized by pair-bonding with opportunistic extrapair copulation with high-quality mates when conception is possible. Men’s preferences for peri-ovulatory cues and women’s cyclical preference shifts are thus also argued to reflect distinct psychological adaptations. Here, we re-interpret the evidence for each of these putative adaptations and argue that cyclic changes need not result from incomplete concealment of ovulatory status. We also emphasize that ovarian hormone levels underpin between-individual differences in both women’s attractiveness and their mate preferences, which influence the sexes’ mate-choice decisions. We contrast the salience and efficiency of these within- and between-individual effects, and suggest that, although both effects have the potential to influence mating behavior, the between-individual effects are stronger and more robust. This introduces the possibility that both men’s increased attraction towards peri-ovulatory women and women’s cyclical shifts in preference for certain male traits may not constitute adaptations per se, but are, instead, inevitable by-products, or “perceptual spandrels,” of putative adaptations related to between-individual differences in reproductive potential. Our framework parsimoniously explains several observable phenomena and potentially could transform the way evolutionary researchers interpret changes in behavior associated with the menstrual cycle. 
Economic Appraisal of Profitability and Sustainability of Peri-Urban Agriculture in Bangkok
No full textPromoters of urban and peri-urban agriculture generally stress its positive role in terms of food security, income, employment and improvement of the urban environment. Unfortunately, competition with agricultural and non-agricultural uses of peri-urban farm land often translates into intensive farming systems that are detrimental to the environment. Based on two original surveys of peri-urban farms in the area of Bangok, this paper ranks four cropping systems (fish, shrimp, rice, and fruits) according to their economic profitability. A second step of the analysis aims at taking into account the cost of water into the analysis, so as to assess whether the hierarchy formerly established is modified. Although all environmental costs are not introduced and environmental benefits are ignored, this work paves the way for further research in the area of taking into account the environmental impact of farming activities. ...French Abstract : Les tenants de l'agriculture urbaine et péri-urbaine invoquent généralement son rôle positif en termes de sécurité alimentaire, de génération d'emplois et de revenus et d'amélioration de l'environnement urbain. Toutefois, la concurrence entre usages agricoles et non agricoles de la terre en zone péri-urbaine est malheureusement souvent à l'origine de systèmes agricoles intensifs préjudiciables à l'environnement. A partir de deux enquêtes effectuées dans des exploitations de la zone péri-urbaine de Bangkok, cet article tente de classer quatre systèmes productifs (aquaculture, pisciculture, riziculture et arboriculture fruitière) en fonction de leur rentabilité économique. Dans une seconde partie, nous cherchons à évaluer dans quelle mesure l'introduction du coût de l'eau (l'eau propre étant paradoxalement une ressource rare à Bangkok) dans l'analyse économique de la rentabilité des activités modifie la hiérarchie précédemment établie. Bien qu'imparfait (tous les coûts environnementaux ne sont pas inclus et d'éventuels bénéfices environnementaux sont ignorés), cet article constitue une tentative de prise en compte de l'impact environnemental dans les l'analyse économique des activités agricoles.ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS; PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE; ASIA; THAILAND
Conformational dependence of through-space tellurium-tellurium spin-spin coupling in peri-substituted bis(tellurides)
No full textThe work in this project was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). M.B. wishes to thank EaStCHEM and the University of St Andrews for support.Three related series of peri‐substituted bis(tellurides) bearing naphthalene, acenaphthene and acenaphthylene backbones (Nap/Acenap/Aceyl(TeY)2 (Nap=naphthalene‐1,8‐diyl N ; Acenap=acenaphthene‐5,6‐diyl A ; Aceyl=acenaphthylene‐5,6‐diyl Ay ; Y=Ph 1 ; Fp 2 ; Tol 3 ; An‐p 4 ; An‐o 5 ; Tp 6 ; Mes 7 ; Tip 8 ) have been synthesised and their solid‐state structures determined by X‐ray crystallography. Molecular conformations were classified as a function of the two C9‐C‐Te‐C(Y) dihedral angles (θ); in the solid all members adopt AB or CCt configurations, with larger Te(aryl) moieties exclusively imposing the CCt variant. Exceptionally large J(125Te,125Te) spin–spin coupling constants between 3289–3848 Hz were obtained for compounds substituted by bulky Te(aryl) groups, implying these species are locked in a CCt‐type conformation. In contrast, compounds incorporating smaller Te(aryl) moieties are predicted to be rather dynamic in solution and afford much smaller J values (2050–2676 Hz), characteristic of greater populations of AB conformers with lower couplings. This conformational dependence of through‐space coupling is supported by DFT calculations.Peer reviewe
Smart vs conventional motorways: environmental impact assessment under realistic traffic conditions
No full textThis research aims at assessing the environmental impacts exerted by a smart motorway compared to those of a traditional motorway. The study has global policy implications: it takes into account the impacts due to the construction and maintenance of the infrastructure and the environmental effects produced by the traffic emissions, taking
into account smart technologies and truck platooning regulation. Through a classical LCA approach, 1 km-long smart
motorway with 2 m-high embankment was assumed as the functional unit for the analysis. A realistic traffic condition has been considered. A comparison between environmental effects produced by the use of virgin material and
by Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement was made by assuming two maintenance plans. Thanks to C-ITS systems the greater
safety featured by smart motorways has a significant effect on the environmental impact, compared to conventional
motorways. The impact produced by safety barriers during the life cycle was also estimated. For smart motorways
the impact categories GWP, POCP, AP and EP are observed to be considerably reduced in the maintenance phase of
zinc-coated steel safety barriers and in those associated to traffic emissions. It must be noted that in smart motorways vehicle emissions are markedly influenced by the percentage of heavy vehicles travelling in Truck Platooning
mode. The results show that concomitant use of lime stabilization and RAP leads to a significant reduction in energy
consumption (up to 35%) and pollutant emissions (up to 34% of CO2) than in case of exclusive use of virgin material.
The accidents reduction produce a 30% decrease of GWP, POCP, AP and EP related to safety barriers maintenance
phase than the corresponding values of traditional motorway. Truck platooning mode generates GWP reduction
close to 4%. The environmental advantages of a smart motorway increase progressively with the increase of
AADT, platooning truck percentage and heavy vehicles percentage
Centri storici e piani particolareggiati. Alcune esperienze di Antonello Monsù Scolaro, Alessandra Pili, Alessandra Urgu, Barbara Peri
No full textPastoralist and Capitalist Entrepreneurship in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
No full textSoftcover, 17x24Based on extensive fieldwork in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, anthropologist Barbara Löhde explores how urban residents organize their livelihoods through cattle keeping. Extending the study of mobile pastoralists in African savannah lands into urban and peri-urban spaces, she shows how livestock husbandry in West African cities fuels new forms of entrepreneurship, income generation, and food security.
Through meticulous long-term observation and in-depth interviews with Fulani pastoralists, Mossi civil servants, and urban entrepreneurs, Löhde reveals how market dynamics reshape labor, gender roles, and social relations, while climate change and rapid urbanization transform pastoral knowledge and practice. Her study highlights the adaptability and diversity of West African livestock systems and the ways sociocultural norms intersect with economic change.
Bridging themes of urbanization, ethnicity, entrepreneurship, and gender, this book offers fresh insights into how cattle economies in the Sahel are being reconfigured in the 21st century—and why they matter for food sovereignty and food security
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