105,156 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The practice and process of delivering integration through strategic planning
No full textThis paper explains how strategic planning is able to deliver strategic integration within organizations. While communication and participation within planning processes are perceived to have an integrative effect, we argue that these effects are unlikely to arise simply from bringing people together. Rather, we suggest that, given the varying interests of actors in different business units, integration will only arise from active negotiations and compromises between these actors. The paper is based upon a case of strategic planning in a multinational that was attempting to develop greater strategic integration across Europe. Drawing upon an activity theory framework, we examine how a common strategy emerges over time through modifications to the planning process and to different actors' roles within it. The findings are used to develop a process model that shows how different business unit characteristics of planning experience and relative power shape different experiences of communication and participation activities and different processes for achieving integration. The paper concludes with a discussion of how this process model contributes to the literature on strategic planning, political processes of strategy-making, and strategy-as-practice
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
Contribution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Country’S H-Index
No full textThe aim of this study is to examine the effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development on country’s scientific ranking as measured by H-index. Moreover, this study applies ICT development sub-indices including ICT Use, ICT Access and ICT skill to find the distinct effect of these sub-indices on country’s H-index. To this purpose, required data for the panel of 14 Middle East countries over the period 1995 to 2009 is collected. Findings of the current study show that ICT development increases the H-index of the sample countries. The results also indicate that ICT Use and ICT Skill sub-indices positively contribute to higher H-index but the effect of ICT access on country’s H-index is not clear
Fully Turbulent Mean Velocity Profile for Purely Viscous non-Newtonian Fluids
No full textThe characteristic near wall behavior of turbulent flow of purely-viscous non-Newtonian fluids is discussed for both power-law (P.-L.) and Herschel-Bulkley (H.-B.) rheological models. A proper scaling is presented for H.-B. fluids to establish an analogy with power-law fluids with same flow index. To provide reference data for turbulent flow of non-Newtonian fluids, DNS simulations of power-law fluids are conducted in a rectangular channel for a large range of power-law indices ( = 0.5, 0.69, 0.75, 0.9, 1, 1.2). The DNS data show that the mean velocity profile in the viscous and logarithmic layers follow expressions of the form and respectively, where shows a logarithmic dependency on the flow index.Comparison with some experimental data shows the above formulation to be valid for Reynolds numbers (based on shear velocity) as high as 1000
H-index and research evaluation: A suggested set of components for developing a comprehensive author-level index
No full textThe H-index has been investigated in various studies; this index has many strengths that have made it popular. However, it also has weaknesses, due to which other indicators have been developed. This study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the H-index and provide the minimum set of necessary components for developing a comprehensive author-level index. In this systematic literature review, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Emerald, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify relevant studies. From the number of 14,253 retrieved studies, after two stages of screening, 81 studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria for data extraction. The findings of the study led to the identification of 15 strengths in the three categories of Quality Features, Simplicity, and Suitability, and 13 weaknesses in the six categories of Publications, Citations, Academic Age, Author Credit Allocation, Variety of Fields, and mathematical calculation for H-index. Finally, 28 components were identified as the minimum set of necessary components to develop a comprehensive author-level index to help evaluate researchers more realistically and fairly. The minimum components that need to be considered in developing a comprehensive author-level index can be proposed as follows: Quality Features, Simplicity, Suitability, Publications, Citations, Academic Age, Author Credit Allocation, Variety of Fields, and mathematical calculation
Understanding The Process Of Strategic Change From A Structurational And Cognitive Perspective: Case Study Of The Users Of A New Technology
No full textHow does strategic change happen, and how is it understood around technology? This
ethnographic research has sought to better understand this process, from a
structurational, cognitive and practice perspective.
Researchers have shown that change is a continuous and ongoing process (Tsoukas and
Chia, 2002; Weick and Quinn, 1999), while others have shown that change, while not
determinate, can be intentional and directed to a large extent by change agents in
practice (Balogun and Johnson, 2004; Whittington, 1992, 2006; Pettigrew, 1992;
Johnson, 1990; Jarzabkowski, 2003). On a more macro level, Giddens has shown that
the process of social organising, or structuration, happens through iterative and
recursive production and reproduction of structure through communicated action
(Giddens, 1979, 1984) which many authors have gone on to research in relation to
technological change (Orlikowski, 1992, 1996, 2000; Barley, 1986; Pozzebon and
Pinsonneault, 2002; Walsham, 2002, Heracleous and Barrett, 2001). However, it is also
known that much to do with change happens cognitively, where the participants in
change must reinterpret and adapt their mental frameworks to adjust to something
new. (Huff and Huff, 2000; Davidson, 2006; Kaplan and Tripsas, 2005; Balogun and
Johnson, 2004). This research seeks to align these concepts, by starting from the notion
that continuous, iterative and recursive change in practice can be intentionally directed
on a cognitive level. It then further explores the role that the cognitive activities of
change recipients, and organisational structures such as technology, play in this process.
Specifically, this research has explored a case where strategic change was made to occur
in the context of a new technology implementation. It is grounded in a longitudinal,
qualitative, practice based case study which followed the implementation of a Sales
Force Automation system. Change was examined under a structurational lens and then
operationalised through the identification of schemata. The study looks at how the new
technology was perceived and used over time by participants in the change programme
as it progressed. It is presented in narrative form, where a Literature Review and
Methodology comprise Project I of the DBA, and the First and Second Order Analyses
comprise Projects II and III. Data have been based principally upon 42 recorded
interviews with 14 people gathered over 2½ years during 4 different time periods. The
analysis is also supplemented with information from surveys, statistics on the
technology and its usage, and contextual information that was collected by the author,
who was employed at the company during the period studied and managed the global
technology project. All of the change recipients interviewed were sales people with
separate sales territories—they interacted more with the technology, with customers,
and with other parts of the business, than with each other, and they were given relative
flexibility regarding whether, when and where to use the new system.
This study has explored the notion that schemata can consist of both perceived
structures and mental actions, implying that they are structurational dualities held
cognitively. It is then argued that the dualities held by the change recipients, over time,
were themselves juxtaposed, and that it was this iterative and recursive mental
juxtaposition that was a fundamental step in creating a strategic change process.
Additionally, the analysis proposes that there were some basic measures taken in the
course of strategically changing the individual and group schemata in Logico that can be seen differently under a cognitive and structurational lens, including the definition of
time and episodes and the manner in which attention was focused on the new system.
Finally, the study explores the phenomena in this case from a perspective of Strategy as
Practice, by taking a holistic view of some of the practices, praxis, and practitioners
involved in this strategic change. Understanding this cognitive and recursive process
better can help organisations to manage strategic change in a way that works with
changing mental frameworks and contextual situations over time. It also contributes to
our knowledge of how strategic outcomes are iteratively shaped by the adopters of new
technology when deliberate strategising initiatives take the form of technological
innovation
IRON IN OLIVE TREE LEAVES IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA
No full textIn this paper we used the technique of X-ray fluorescence by dispersion in energy in order to study a phytopathology named “sooty mould” in olive tree leaves in the Mediterranean area. Samples studied included leaves which were infected and non-infected by sooty mould. Energy depressive X-ray fluorescence showed a significant increase in the amount of Fe in the affected leaves when compared to leaves that don't have this pattern of black material. We suggest here that a treatment for this condition may be based on a method that deprives these organisms of the Fe that they apparently need to survive. The average Fe concentration obtained for the infected olive tree leaves was 80 ppm, while the non-infected ones showed no measurable Fe presence
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