134,385 research outputs found
PET imaging follows distribution of PA-BaL-<sup>64</sup>Cu after oral viral challenge.
No full textFour animals were orally challenged with PA-GFP-BaL-64Cu. Two animals were sacrificed two hours post challenge and another two four hours post challenge, and the oral cavity and entire GI tract removed in one piece. The tissues were cut into pieces, frozen, cryosectioned, and prepared for fluorescent microscopy. A,B) Representative PET images of neonates after oral viral challenge with PA-GFP-BaL-64Cu. Scale in Standard Uptake Value (SUV) (A) Whole body PET images at two and four hours post-oral challenge. B) PET image overlayed on photograph of 25 individual tissue blocks from oral mucosa and GI tract four hours post-challenge. C) Representative fluorescent microscopy image showing individual HIV virions (red puncta indicated by arrows) penetrating the tongue of an animal that received PA-BaL-64Cu at two hours post-challenge. Green–pre-activation, Red–post-activation (virion), Blue–Hoechst. White arrow indicates virion shown in inset; grey arrows indicate other virions in the micrograph.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Framing Madame B: Quotation and Indistinction in Mieke Bal and Michelle Williams Gamaker’s Video Installation
No full textThe article engages with the video installation Madame B by Mieke Bal and Michelle Williams Gamaker. The work was premiered in the city of Łódź in Poland (between 6 Dec. 2013 and 9 Feb. 2014). The author makes use of the exhibition brochure by two artists published by the Museum of Modern Art, and the recording of a seminar held by Bal and Williams Gamaker after launching their work. The article focuses on the innovative audiovisual interpretation of Flaubert’s famous novel. Basing the argument on the concept of framing created by Bal, the author applies it to Bal and Williams Gamaker’s exhibition by relating it to the history and culture of the Polish location where it was first shown. Above all, however, the article discusses the importance of quotation and indistinction in Madame B, where the artists quote from (among others): Louise Bourgeois, Maya Deren, Artemisia Gentileschi, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, William Kentridge and Sol LeWitt
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Madame B (Mieke Bal y Michelle Williams Gamaker, 2014)
No full textMadame B: Explorando el capitalismo emocional1 de Mieke Bal y Michelle Williams Gamaker es una adaptación narrativa en formato instalación, en 8 escenas y 16 pantallas, de Madame Bovary de Gustave Flaubert, en la que se plasman muchos de los principios teóricos y las concepciones visuales e históricas que Mieke Bal ha ido desarrollando en su obra escrita a partir de las coorde- nadas (interdisciplinares) de los estudios visuales, la narratología y la hermenéutica. 
Effects of OxPAPC on inflammatory cell recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of rats exposed to high tidal volume (HTV)
No full textHTV (20 mL/kg, 2 hours) induced a marked increase in BAL total cell count and macrophages and neutrophils compared with low tidal volume (LTV) controls. Intravenous OxPAPC (1.5 mg/kg) markedly attenuated this response, reducing inflammatory cells to control levels and significantly reducing neutrophil influx. *< 0.05 versus LTV, **< 0.05 versus HTV (= 5 to 6 per group). BAL protein concentration was assessed as a measure of vascular barrier disruption following 2 hours of mechanical ventilation with LTV or HTV. Intravenous OxPAPC (1.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the pronounced increase in BAL protein induced by HTV mechanical ventilation (*< 0.01 versus LTV, **< 0.05 versus HTV). ND, no difference; OxPAPC, oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocyte.<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Oxidized phospholipids reduce ventilator-induced vascular leak and inflammation "</p><p>http://ccforum.com/content/12/1/R27</p><p>Critical Care 2008;12(1):R27-R27.</p><p>Published online 24 Jan 2008</p><p>PMCID:PMC2374596.</p><p></p
Madame B.: l’analyse cinématographique d’un roman
No full textFilm analysis of a novel This article investigates how the creative act can become an analytical method. Film making requires another kind of reading. The Madame B. project, in which Mieke Bal and Michelle Williams Gamaker have created a series of video installation pieces based on Madame Bovary, is, amongst other things, an approach to the novel in its audio-visualization, apart from its narration. The current relevance of the damage done by the combination of Capitalism and romantic love, that exchange their main characteristics, is the background political theme. This study takes Emma’s death scene as an example, examining the links between film options and ethical issues
BAL Fluid Concentrations of Cytokines in Patients with Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia, Usual Interstitial Pneumonia, Collagen Vascular Disease Associated with Interstitial Pneumonia, and Sarcoidosis
No full textBackground:Inflammatory cytokines have been reported to play important roles in the pathogenesis ofinterstitial lung diseases. However, their individual roles in idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis (IIP) and inthe other types of interstitial pneumonitis (IP), including collagen vascular disease associated interstitialpneumonitis (CVD-IP), remain unknown. In this study, we measured the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)fluid levels of several cytokines in patients with IIP and CVD-IP.Methods:Cell subpopulations in BAL fluid were counted, and BAL fluid levels of interleukin( IL)-2, -6,-7, -8, -17, interferon (IFN)-g , tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a , and transforming growth factor (TGF)-b 1 were measured using a bead suspension array or an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA) kitin 16 patients (8 men, 8 women;mean age, 60.0±9.9 years) with idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis(NSIP), 5 patients (3 men, 2 women;mean age, 69.0±4.8 years) with idiopathic usual interstitialpneumonitis (UIP), 5 patients (3 men, 2 woman;mean age, 66.3±5.5 years) with rheumatoid arthritis inCVD-IP (RA), and 5 patients (3 man, 2 women;mean age, 52.3±14.5 years) with dermatomyositis inCVD-IP( DM), and 13 patients( 3 men, 10 women;mean age, 51.8±17.2 years) with sarcoidosis.Results:BAL cell subpopulations had high amounts of lymphocytes in NSIP and sarcoidosis, and neutrophilsin RA. Levels of IL-7 were significantly (P<0.05) higher in DM (9.2±2.2 pg/ml) than in RA (4.5±1.7 pg/ml). IL-7 in DM was significantly( P<0.05) correlated with lymphocytes. The levels of TNF-a werehighest for RA( 18.6±29.5 pg/ml), compared with other IPs( 1.6±0.7 pg/ml in UIP, 1.8±2.7 pg/ml in NSIP,4.4±4.5 pg/ml in DM), and sarcoidosis( 5.8±6.1 pg/ml). In addition, the levels of IL-17 were highly detectablein RA( 2.5±2.5 pg/ml), but not in NSIP, UIP, or sarcoidosis.Conclusions:Differences in the cell types of BAL fluid and the level of each cytokine between patientswith IIP and CVD-IP might reflect pathogenesis and be useful for diagnosis.Originaljournal articl
Effects of infections on lipidomic profile of Bronchial Washing (BW) and Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) after lung transplantation.
No full textLung transplantation outcomes are challenged by bacterial, viral and fungal infections, noxious triggers that could amplify or promote inflammation and chronic lung allograft dysfunction.
We hypothesized the airway lipidome serves as marker of lung infection and related innate immunity. The effects of bacterial, viral and fungal infections on the BW and BAL lipidome from allografts were studied.
BW (596) and BAL (199), prospectively collected from 288 pts during surveillance bronchoscopy, were assayed retrospectively by mass-spec for 25 lipid families. Microbiology info was collected. Mann Whitney test used.
Bacteria were isolated in 168 BW and 49 BAL, virus in 54 BW and 22 BAL, fungi in 102 BW and 33 BAL. Virus and fungi showed greater BW and BAL total lipid concentration (p<0.05). No difference for bacteria.
BW with bacteria had greater (p<0.005): cholesteryl ester (CE), sphingomyelin (SM), N-acylphosphatidylserine; no difference for BAL.
BW with virus had greater (p<0.005): monoacylglicerole, ceramide, SM, DihydroSM (dhSM), monosialodihexosylganglioside (GM3), phosphatidylcholine-ether (PCE), phosphatidylethanolamine-p, lysophosphatidylethanolamine-p, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), BisMonoacylglyceroPhosphate (BMP); while BAL had greater (p<0.005): dhSM, Lactosylceramide (LacCer).
BW with fungi had greater (p<0.005): CE, SM, dhSM, HexosylCeramide, LacCer, GM3, PCE, LPI; while no difference in BAL.
The bronchial and broncho-alveolar lipidome of lung allografts is affected by the microbiologic status. Bacteria, virus and fungi have signature lipidomic profile that we speculate associates within the specific bronchial and broncho-alveolar innate immunity
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