1,721,277 research outputs found
Perbandingan Derajat Miopia pada Murid SMA di Kota dengan Murid SMA Di Desa Tahun 2014
No full textBackground: Data from WHO in 2004 showed an incidence rate of 10% of the 66 million school-aged children suffering from a refractive disorder of myopia. The peak of myopia is in adolescence at the high school level. Genetic factors and environmental factors that affect myopia. The condition of a region can also affect the rate of myopia.
Objective: To find out the comparison of degree of myopia in high school students in the city with high school students in the village.
Method: This research is observational with data collection method cross-sectional.
Results: 220 high school students are divided into two groups: 168 high school students in the city and 52 high school students in the village. The most sexes were female 114 students (51.8%) and 54 students (24.55%) in the city. And in the village of women 39 students (17.73%), male 13 students (5.91%). The highest age of myopia patients in high school students in the 16 - 17 year old city was 80 students (36.36%), in the village most of them were 18 - 19 years old as many as 23 students (10.46%). The most degrees of myopia is mild myopia 133 students (60.45%) in the city, and 32 students (14.55%) in the village. Began to suffer the myopia of 90 students (40.91%) during junior high school in the city and 24 students (10.91%) during high school in the village. History of family members with glasses of 49 students (22.27%) are fathers and mothers in high school students in the city. Brother and sister of 17 students (7.14%) in the village. 1 - 2 hours 117 students (53.18%) in town for reading, 35 students (15.91%) for computers in high school students in the village. 3 - 4 hours 53 students (24.10%) in the city for computers, 19 students (8.64%) to watch TV at high school students. > 4 hours 75 students (34%) in the city for HP, 14 students (6.36%) for HP in high school students in the village.
Conclusion: There is no comparison of the degree of myopia in high school students in the city with high school students in the city. The long reading, watching, using computers and HP does not affect the degree of myopia, only the lower degree of myopia, the longer it takes to read, watch, use computers and HP.Latar Belakang : Data WHO pada tahun 2004 menunjukkan angka kejadian 10% dari 66 juta anak usia sekolah menderita kelainan refraksi yaitu miopia. Puncak terjadinya miopia adalah pada usia remaja yaitu pada tingkat SMA. Faktor genetik dan faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi terjadinya miopia. Kondisi suatu wilayah juga dapat mempengaruhi tingkat terjadinya miopia.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbandingan derajat miopia pada murid SMA di kota dengan murid SMA di desa.
Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan metode pengumpulan data secara cross –sectional .
Hasil: Dari 220 murid SMA terbagi 2 kelompok yaitu 168 murid SMA di kota dan 52 murid SMA di kota. Jenis kelamin terbanyak dijumpai perempuan 114 murid( 51,8%) dan laki – laki 54 murid ( 24,55% ) di kota. Dan di desa perempuan 39 murid (17,73%), laki – laki 13 murid ( 5,91%). Umur terbanyak penderita miopia pada murid SMA di kota 16 – 17 tahun sebanyak 80 murid ( 36,36%), di desa terbanyak umur 18 – 19 tahun sebanyak 23 murid ( 10,46%).Derajat miopia paling banyak derajat miopia ringan 133 murid ( 60,45%) di kota, dan 32 murid ( 14,55%) di desa. Mulai menderita miopia 90 murid (40,91%) saat SMP di kota. 24 murid (10,91%) saat SMA di desa. Riwayat anggota keluarga yang berkaca mata 49 murid ( 22,27 %) ayah dan ibu pada murid SMA di kota. Kakak dan adik 17 murid (7,14 %) di desa. Waktu 1 – 2 jam 117 murid ( 53,18%) di kota untuk membaca, 35 murid (15,91%) untuk komputer pada murid SMA di desa. 3 – 4 jam 53 murid ( 24,10%) dikota untuk komputer, 19 murid ( 8,64 %) untuk menonton TV pada murid SMA desa. > 4 jam 75 murid ( 34%) di kota untuk HP, 14 murid ( 6,36%) untuk HP pada murid SMA di desa.
Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat perbandingan derajat miopia pada murid SMA di kota dengan murid SMA di kota.Lamanya membaca, menonton, menggunakan komputer dan HP tidak mempengaruhi derajat miopia, hanya semakin rendah derajat miopia semakin lama waktu untuk membaca, menonton, menggunakan komputer dan HP.74 HalamanTesis Magiste
KONTROVERSI PRAKTEK TAJDI
Full text linkTajdi>d an-nika>h} is a common tradition practiced by some communities in Indonesia. A controversy on the idea of whether or not the first ‘Akad is married by the second ‘Akad occurs among classical Muslim scholars. This paper attempts to explain the controversy, mainly from point of view of Syafi'iah jurists in various existing references. Therefore, the author did a library research. The author studied various books on Syafi'iah fiqh dealing with the practice of tajdi>d an-nika>h}. The study concluded that the majority of Syafi'iah scholars allowed it and the practice did not destroy the existence of the first contract. The one who rejects the validity of tajdi>d an-nika>h} practice is Yusuf Ibrahim al-Ardabili. In his book, al-Anwa>r, al-Ardabili states that tajdi>d an-nika>h} practice has an affects the status of the first contract, which undermines the existence of the first ‘akad.[Tajdi>d an-nika>h} merupakan tradisi yang lumrah dipraktekkan oleh sebagian masyarakat Indonesia. Ada kontroversi di balik praktek yang populer di kalangan para sarjana Muslim klasik. Kontroversi tersebut terletak pada akad yang pertama apakah dirusak oleh akad yang kedua. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengurai kontroversi tersebut, utamanya dilhat dari pandangan para ahli fikih Syafi’iah dalam pelbagai literatur yang ada. Untuk itu, penulis melakukan kajian kepustakaan dengan mengkaji dan meneliti pelbagai literatur fikih Syafi’iah yang berhubungan dengan praktek tajdi>d an-nika>h} ini. Studi ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa mayoritas ulama Syafi’iah berpendapat bahwa hukum tajdi>d an-nika>h} diperbolehkan dan praktek tersebut tidak merusak keberadaan akad yang pertama. Adapun yang menolak keabsahan praktek tajdi>d an-nika>h} ini adalah Yusuf Ibrahim al-Ardabili. Dalam kitabnya, al-Anwar, al-Ardabili menyatakan bahwa praktek tajdi>d an-nika>h} mempunyai dampak terhadap status akad yang pertama, yaitu merusak eksistensi akad pertama tersebut.
The Construction of Indonesian Political Fiqh: Maqasid Al-Shariah Perspective and Ahmad Ar-Raisuni’s Thoughts
Full text linkSome issues in various classical political fiqh literature are irrelevant if applied in the current context. This paper discusses how important the reconstruction and renewal of several classical political fiqh issues are adapted to the plural Indonesian context. In this study, the author uses the Maqasid al-Shariah theory and Ahmad ar-Raisuni’s thinking, specifically addressing political issues as the mainframe of analysis. By conducting a library study, this study concludes that several classical political fiqh issues are indeed irrelevant to the times, and therefore need to be updated and reviewed. In addition, this study has also resulted in a new construction of Indonesian political fiqh formulated in four crucial issues: democracy, state format, criteria for leaders in Indonesia, and application of Islamic Law (Shariah)
Menakar Liberalitas Pemikiran al-Tufi tentang Maslahah dalam Hukum Islam
No full textThis paper attempts to discuss Najmuddin al-Tufi’s thought on maslahah, as well as see the extent of his liberal idea. In order to unravel this problem, the author conducted a literature review to examine al-Tufi’s work, Risalah fi Ri’ayah al-Maslahah. This study resulted in two conclusions. First, al-Tufi’s thought on maslahah is quite controversial because it is delivered with provocative words. Al-Tufi states that in case of conflict between nas and masalahah, the precedence is maslahah using Takhsis and Tabyin mechanisms. Second, al-Tufi’s thought can’t be put into the category of liberal thought. Since, although al-Tufi states the permissibility displacing the position of nas with maslahah, the process must be carried out with the Takhsis and Tabyin mechanisms which are already popular practiced in Islamic Legal thoughts.Keywords: Al-Tufi, Maslahah, Ri’ayah al-Maslaha
Paradigma fikih baru Jamal al-Banna dan relevansinya terhadap pembaruan peran perempuan dalam hukum keluarga Islam (Fiqh al-Munakahat)
Full text linkThe role of women, according to classical fiqh (Islamic law) literature, especially fiqh al-Munakah}at (Islamic family law), tends to be regarded as a complementary part of domestic life. Their role is limited to the domestic territory, and restrain to play a public role. This paper tries to reconstruct the role of women in Islamic family law, utilizing the new fiqh paradigm initiated by Jamal al-Banna. To answer this problem, the author conducted a literature study by examining two works of Jamal: Nah}wa Fiqhin Jadid and Al-Mar'ah al-Muslimah bayna Tah}rir Al-Qur'an wa Taqyid al-Fuqaha'. This paper concludes that some issues regarding the role of women in Islamic family law need renewal. There are four crucial issues that are reviewed using the new fiqh paradigm of Jamal al-Banna, namely the minimum age of marriage, wali’s ijbar rights, polygamy, and divorce
Karakteristik Penderita Kelainan Refraksi di RSUP. H. Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2013
No full textBackground : refractive error is defined as a state of refraction, when the
parallel rays of light coming from infinity (with accommodation at rest), are
focused either in front or behind the sensitive layer of retina, in one or both
the meridians. Refractive error includes myopia, hypermetropia and
astigmatism. Refractive error is the most causes of visual impairment in
the world and of blindness have been determined. According to WHO,
about 43 % of 285 millions of world population which have a visual
problem is caused by refractive error and 3 % as cause blindness. In
indonesia, refractive error also as cause most causes of visual impairment.
Objective: to find out the number of refractive error based on subjective
examination and autorefraktometer and the characteristics of the patients
with refractive error in General Hospital Haji Adam Malik, Medan 2013.
Methods : this research is a descriptive observational prospective.
Sample of study is all the patients who have refractive error in out patient
clinic at H Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. The number of sample is
67 people.
Results : showed the number of myopia and hypermetropia more in the
subjective examination than autorefractometer. The number of
astigmatism more in the autorefraktometer examination. Myopia highest at
age group 21- 40 years ( 50 % ), hypermetropia and astigmatisma highest
at age group 41- 60 years ( 75 % and 43,24 % ). From whole patients,
predominantly female with abnormality of refraction, the highest Karo and
Toba, the level of education high school and colleges, myopia highest in
the work connected with near vision and both parents do not suffer an
refractive error.
Conclusion : Myopia highest at young age group, hipermetropia and
astigmatisma in advanced age groups. Myopia highest on the job related
to near work and th parents do not suffer from refractive error..Latar Belakang : Kelainan refraksi adalah suatu keadaan refraksi dimana
sinar-sinar sejajar yang berasal dari jarak tak terhingga masuk ke mata
tanpa akomodasi dibiaskan di depan atau di belakang layer sensitive di
retina, di satu atau kedua meridian. Kelainan refraksi dikelompokkan atas
miopia, hipermetropia dan astigmatisma. Kelainan refraksi merupakan
penyebab terbanyak gangguan penglihatan di seluruh dunia dan
merupakan salah satu penyebab kebutaan. Menurut data WHO, 43% dari
285 juta penduduk dunia yang mengalami gangguan penglihatan
disebabkan kelainan refraksi dan 3 % merupakan penyebab kebutaan. Di
Indonesia kelainan refraksi juga merupakan penyebab terbanyak
gangguan penglihatan.
Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui jumlah penderita kelainan refraksi
berdasarkan pemeriksaan subjektif dan autorefraktometer dan untuk
mengetahui karakteristik penderita kelainan refraksi di RSUP H. Adam
Malik Medan tahun 2013.
Metode : Penelitian bersifat deskriptif observasional yang prospektif.
Sampel penelitian adalah semua penderita kelainan refraksi yang berobat
ke poliklinik mata RSUP. H. Adam Malik Medan tahun 2013 yang
memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang telah ditentukan. Besar sampel 67 orang.
Hasil Penelitian : Didapatkan jumlah penderita miopia dan hipermetropia
lebih banyak pada pemeriksaan subjektif dan jumlah penderita
astigmatisma lebih banyak pada pemeriksaan autorefraktometer. Miopia
terbanyak pada kelompok umur 21 – 40 tahun (50 %), hipermetropia dan
astigmatisma terbanyak pada kelompok umur 41 – 60 tahun (75% dan
43,24%). Keseluruhan penderita kelainan refraksi didominasi perempuan,
suku terbanyak Karo dan Toba, tingkat pendidikan SMU dan Perguruan
Tinggi, Miopia terbanyak pada pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan
penglihatan dekat dan kedua orangtua tidak menderita kelainan refraksi.
Kesimpulan : Miopia terbanyak pada kelompok usia muda,
hipermetropia dan astigmatisma pada kelompok usia lanjut. Miopia
terbanyak pada pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan penglihatan dekat
dan kedua orang tua tidak menderita kelainan refraksi.65 HalamanTesis Magiste
Karakteristik Penderita Kelainan Refraksi di RSUP. H. Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2013
No full textBackground : refractive error is defined as a state of refraction, when the
parallel rays of light coming from infinity (with accommodation at rest), are
focused either in front or behind the sensitive layer of retina, in one or both
the meridians. Refractive error includes myopia, hypermetropia and
astigmatism. Refractive error is the most causes of visual impairment in
the world and of blindness have been determined. According to WHO,
about 43 % of 285 millions of world population which have a visual
problem is caused by refractive error and 3 % as cause blindness. In
indonesia, refractive error also as cause most causes of visual impairment.
Objective: to find out the number of refractive error based on subjective
examination and autorefraktometer and the characteristics of the patients
with refractive error in General Hospital Haji Adam Malik, Medan 2013.
Methods : this research is a descriptive observational prospective.
Sample of study is all the patients who have refractive error in out patient
clinic at H Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. The number of sample is
67 people.
Results : showed the number of myopia and hypermetropia more in the
subjective examination than autorefractometer. The number of
astigmatism more in the autorefraktometer examination. Myopia highest at
age group 21- 40 years ( 50 % ), hypermetropia and astigmatisma highest
at age group 41- 60 years ( 75 % and 43,24 % ). From whole patients,
predominantly female with abnormality of refraction, the highest Karo and
Toba, the level of education high school and colleges, myopia highest in
the work connected with near vision and both parents do not suffer an
refractive error.
Conclusion : Myopia highest at young age group, hipermetropia and
astigmatisma in advanced age groups. Myopia highest on the job related
to near work and th parents do not suffer from refractive error..Latar Belakang : Kelainan refraksi adalah suatu keadaan refraksi dimana
sinar-sinar sejajar yang berasal dari jarak tak terhingga masuk ke mata
tanpa akomodasi dibiaskan di depan atau di belakang layer sensitive di
retina, di satu atau kedua meridian. Kelainan refraksi dikelompokkan atas
miopia, hipermetropia dan astigmatisma. Kelainan refraksi merupakan
penyebab terbanyak gangguan penglihatan di seluruh dunia dan
merupakan salah satu penyebab kebutaan. Menurut data WHO, 43% dari
285 juta penduduk dunia yang mengalami gangguan penglihatan
disebabkan kelainan refraksi dan 3 % merupakan penyebab kebutaan. Di
Indonesia kelainan refraksi juga merupakan penyebab terbanyak
gangguan penglihatan.
Tujuan Penelitian : Mengetahui jumlah penderita kelainan refraksi
berdasarkan pemeriksaan subjektif dan autorefraktometer dan untuk
mengetahui karakteristik penderita kelainan refraksi di RSUP H. Adam
Malik Medan tahun 2013.
Metode : Penelitian bersifat deskriptif observasional yang prospektif.
Sampel penelitian adalah semua penderita kelainan refraksi yang berobat
ke poliklinik mata RSUP. H. Adam Malik Medan tahun 2013 yang
memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang telah ditentukan. Besar sampel 67 orang.
Hasil Penelitian : Didapatkan jumlah penderita miopia dan hipermetropia
lebih banyak pada pemeriksaan subjektif dan jumlah penderita
astigmatisma lebih banyak pada pemeriksaan autorefraktometer. Miopia
terbanyak pada kelompok umur 21 – 40 tahun (50 %), hipermetropia dan
astigmatisma terbanyak pada kelompok umur 41 – 60 tahun (75% dan
43,24%). Keseluruhan penderita kelainan refraksi didominasi perempuan,
suku terbanyak Karo dan Toba, tingkat pendidikan SMU dan Perguruan
Tinggi, Miopia terbanyak pada pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan
penglihatan dekat dan kedua orangtua tidak menderita kelainan refraksi.
Kesimpulan : Miopia terbanyak pada kelompok usia muda,
hipermetropia dan astigmatisma pada kelompok usia lanjut. Miopia
terbanyak pada pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan penglihatan dekat
dan kedua orang tua tidak menderita kelainan refraksi.65 HalamanTesis Magiste
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
MAKNA PERKAWINAN DALAM BINGKAI MAQASID AL-SYARI’AH
No full textAbstract: In human life, the position of marriage is very fundamental. The meaning of marriage, in history, can differ from one era to another era. This papper attemps to examine the meaning of marriage in UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan. In discussing this issue, the Author used Maqashid al-Syari’ah theory as the main frame to review the meaning of marriage contained on the UU No.1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan. By doin a study of literature, this study concluded that the meaning of marriage contained on the UU. No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan is in conformity with the principle of Maqashid al-Syari’ah that exists in Islamic Law, to realize the kindness and refused ugliness. In addition, the definition of marriage as defined in the Act is closer with the definition formulated in Qur’an.Abstrak: Perkawinan menempati posisi yang sangat fundamental dalam kehidupan manusia. Makna perkawinan, dalam lintasan sejarah, dapat berbeda antara satu zaman dengan zaman lainnya. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk mengkaji makna perkawinan yang terkadung dalam Pasal 1 UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang perkawinan. Dalam membahas masalah ini, penulis menggunakan teori Maqashid al-Syari’ah sebagai bingkai utama dalam melihat makna perkawinan yang termaktub dalam UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 tersebut. Dengan melakukan studi kepustakaan, kajian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa makna perkawinan yang termaktub dalam UU. No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan sudah sesuai dengan prinsip Maqashid al-Syari’ah yang ada dalam hukum Islam, yakni untuk mewujudkan kemaslahatan dan menolak kemudharatan. Selain itu, definisi perkawinan yang dirumuskan dalam Undang-undang lebih mendekati definisi perkawinan yang dirumuskan Al-Qur’an
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