2,169 research outputs found
An in vitro comparison between two methods of electrical resistance measurement for occlusal caries detection
No full textBecause of different measurement techniques and the easier design of the CRM prototype, this in vitro study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance and reproducibility of two electrical methods (Electronic Caries Monitor III, ECM and Cariometer 800, CRM) for occlusal caries detection, and to evaluate the effect of staining/ discoloration of fissures on diagnostic performance. Hundred and seventeen third molars with no apparent occlusal cavitation were selected. Six examiners inspected all specimens independently, using the CRM, and a subgroup of 4 using the ECM. Histological validation using a stereomicroscope was performed after hemisectioning. Intra- and interexaminer reproducibility was assessed by Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland and Altman analysis. Diagnostic performance parameters included sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP) and area under the ROC curve (A(z)). The CCC yielded an intra- and interexaminer reproducibility of 0.69/0.62 (ECM) and of 0.79/0.74 (CRM). The mean intra- and interexaminer 95% range of measurements (range between Bland and Altman limits of agreement) given in percentages of the instrument reading were 67%/65% for the ECM and 28%/33% for the CRM. A(z) at the D3-4 level was 0.74 (ECM) and 0.78 (CRM). The CRM showed at least equivalent diagnostic performance to the ECM. However, improvement is still desirable. Diagnostic performance appeared to be enhanced in discolored lesions; however, this may be related to sample lesion distribution characteristics. Copyright (C) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel
Formation of solid Kr nanoclusters in MgO
No full textThe phenomenon of positron confinement enables us to investigate the electronic structure of nanoclusters embedded in host matrices. Solid Kr nanoclusters are a very interesting subject of investigation because of the very low predicted value of the positron affinity of bulk Kr. In this work, positron trapping in solid Kr nanoclusters embedded in MgO is investigated. The Kr nanoclusters were created by means of 280 keV Kr ion implantation in single crystals of MgO(100) and subsequent thermal annealing at a temperature of 1100 K. The nanoclusters were observed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy in high-resolution mode. The fcc Kr nanoclusters are rectangularly shaped with sizes of 2 to 5 nm and are in a cube-on-cube orientation relationship with the MgO host matrix. From the Moiré fringes in high-resolution recordings, the lattice parameter of the solid Kr was deduced and found to vary from 5.3 to 5.8 Å. The corresponding pressures are 0.6–2.5 GPa as found using the Ronchi equation of state. The relationship between lattice parameter and cluster size was investigated and it was found that the lattice parameter increases linearly with increasing nanocluster size. The defect evolution during annealing was monitored by means optical absorption spectroscopy and positron beam analysis. No evidence of positron trapping was found despite the very low positron affinity of solid Kr. Alternative definitions of the positron affinity are proposed for application to insulator materials.
Track Chair: Open Government Data: Policy and Politics
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Digital Government Society via the URL in this recordIn recent decade, opening up government data and encouraging public engagement with/via data becomes an influential idea in multiple fields of public management innovation, digital economy, and international development (Janssen et al. 2012; Catlaw and Sandberg 2012; Zuiderwijk and Janssen 2014). A growing body of literature is being focused on the potential benefits for, and motivations of, governments to adopt the practice of open data in various countries as well as
international organizations (Janssen et al. 2012). Most list the main benefits by making clear reference to the universal socio-political values (such as transparency, collaboration, and participation) (OGP 2011). It has almost been assumed that open government data is one of the rare political agendas whose principle objectives reached wide-range consensus, leaving only the technical details of how-to-do largely undecided. [...
[[alternative]]The effect of KR precision within bandwidth on the learning of a spatial motor task
No full text[[abstract]]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of precision of knowledgeof results within bandwidth on learning a spatial motor task and its development of error detection capability. Thirty-two university female students who had no previous golf putting experience served as participants and were randomly assigned to one of following groups:(1)within BWKR group;(2)within BW and error direction of KR group;(3)within BW and error magnitude of KR group; and (4)tranditional BWKR group.Experimental trials for pretest to test the homogeneity of participants, 100practice trials for acquisition, 20 trials for 10-minute immediate retention test,and 20 trials for one-day delay retention test. Other than measuring participants' performance during acquistion and retention phases, on interviewing participants'perception of feedback information was also administered. The error(AE), vaiableerror(VE), and absolute difference between objective performance and subjective estimation(|O-S|). Two-way ANOVA with one factor repeated, Tukey's HSD method and test were used for statistical analysis. Findings were as followings:(1)different percision KR within bandwidth did not affect movement consistency; (2)BWKR in combination of both qualitative KR and qualitative KR was found beneficial for participants' movement accuracy. Both groups which were provided" qualitative KRwithin BW associated with qualitative KR outside BW" produced participants' development of error detection capability. Among it, providing qualitative within BW" had positive effects on participants' development of error detection capability.
KINETIC INVESTIGATION OF COLLISION INDUCED EXCITATION TRANSFER IN Kr() + Kr () AND Kr() + He () MIXTURES
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322Metastable rare gas atoms are gaining increasing interest for their potential in the development of optically pumped laser systems. Understanding the time evolution of excited rare gas states in a collisional environment is of importance for the possibility of exploiting them as the active laser species. Collisional deactivation rates for excited states of Kr() atoms colliding with ground state Kr () and He () have been measured by time resolved measurements of the laser induced fluorescence, following state selective excitation at room temperature. Collisional energy transfer for the Kr() + Kr () and Kr() + He () systems were investigated in a pulsed electrical discharge. Metastable Kr() was generated by electron impact excitation from the ground state. Using a pulsed tunable dye laser these metastable states were pumped to selected upper levels of the 2 manifold (Paschen notation) and time-dependent fluorescence decay data from pumped and collisionally populated levels were collected. The total and intramultiplet state-to-state collisional deactivation rate constants were derived from the experimental data and by numerical models. The experimental data were simulated by fitting to numerical solutions of a set of coupled differential equations describing the full collisional relaxation processes. State-to-state rate constants are reported
THE STRUCTURE OF DETERMINED FROM THE NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE COUPLING CONSTANTS OF
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of MichiganThe nuclear quadrupole coupling constants were measured for the complex using a FTMW spectrometer. These values were compared with those expected from the Sternheimer equation for four possible structures which are consistent with the rotational constants. The value of (field gradient arising from ) for each structure was calculated using GAUSSIAN86 for free . Information on (Sternheimer shielding factor) necessary for the analysis was obtained by comparison with other complexes in the literature. The conclusion was that only one structure is consistent with the quadrupole coupling constants viz the conformation placing the Kr over a face. A comparison between ab initio calculations and a multipole expansion approximation to estimate the electric field gradient at the rare gas site in van der Waals complexes will be presented
STUNDA : Mobilapplikationen som verktyg för ökad kunskap om (o)trygghet och oro för brott bland unga vuxna i Malmö
No full textKapitelbeskrivning av Harju & Sjölander:
"Karl Kronkvist och Alexander Engström presenterar en konkret och ny metod
för att kartlägga och undersöka unga personers otrygga miljöer. I bidraget diskuteras
inledningsvis ett par tillkortakommanden med konventionella metoder inom kvantitativ kriminologisk trygghetsforskning och hur dessa medför begränsad kunskap om
otrygghet, inte minst bland unga personer. Med utgångspunkt i en lokal studie ges
förslag på hur kunskap om otrygghet bland unga i Malmö kan utökas genom att samla
in data med en egenutvecklad mobilapplikation (STUNDA). Kapitlet fokuserar på de erfarenheter som framkommit under pilotstudien, både i termer av metodologiska
överväganden och i relation till den omedelbara miljöns inverkan på otryggheten.
ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY AND VIBRATIONAL PREDISSOCIATION DYNAMICS OF OH/D-Kr
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, Emory UniversityOH/D-Kr complexes were generated in expansion driven by Ne/Kr mixtures. Bands belonging to the complexes were seen in the vicinity of the OH/D A-X 0-0 and 1-0 transitions. Despite the congestion caused by presence of several Kr isotopes, seventeen bands were rotationally resolved and analyzed. For the ground state, the zero-point rotational constant defined a Kr to OH center of mass distance of 3.780.01 \AA. The relatively small effect of H/D isotopic substitution on the ground state rotational constant was consistent with a linear hydrogen-bonded equilibrium geometry. Assignment of the A state vibrational levels was accomplished by means of the Kr isotope effect. A lower limit for the dissociation energy for of was derived from the vibrational constants. Extrapolation of the rotational constants yielded an equilibrium intermolecular separation of 2.670.12 \AA. Vibrational predissociation of OH/D(A, v=1)-Kr causes measurable line broadening in several bands. We are in the process of determining the linewidths, in order to quantify the predissociation rates. However, it is already evident that the linewidths do not show a simple dependence on internal energy, indicating the presence of novel dynamical effects. The results for OH/D-Kr will be compared and contrasted with those for OH/D-Ne and OH/D-Ar
Vilken betydelse har hälsoekonomi vid prioriteringar? : ett experiment bland beslutsfattare och en analys avfaktiska prioriteringar
No full textUnder 2000-talet har principen om kostnadseffektivitet och därmed information om kostnad per kvalitetsjusterat levnadsår (QALY) fått allt större betydelse vid subventionsbeslut i flertalet europeiska länder. Även i Sverige har användningen av hälsoekonomiska beslutskriterier och information fått en allt mer framträdande roll bland nationella myndigheter såsom Tandvårds- och läkemedelsförmånsverket (TLV), Socialstyrelsen och SBU. Det är dock oklart vilken relativ betydelse hälsoekonomi har i förhållande till andra relevanta beslutskriterier, samt bland beslutsfattare på regional och lokal nivå. Trots att kostnadseffektivitet har ökat i betydelse, saknas det dessutom ofta uttalade gränser för vad som kan betraktas som en kostnadseffektiv behandling. I den här rapporten undersöker vi den relativa betydelsen av information om kostnad per QALY i förhållande till information om patientgruppens initiala hälsotillstånd, typ av resultat av medicinsk behandling, patientnytta, samt budgetpåverkan, enligt uppgifter från TLV, läkemedelskommittéer, förskrivande läkare samt Socialstyrelsen. Vidare undersöks vilka värden av ett QALY som är acceptabla för de fyra ovan nämnda grupperna av beslutsfattare, samt identifierar för- och nackdelar med att undersöka dessa två frågor genom analys av redan fattade beslut alternativt hypotetiska enkätsvar. För att undersöka detta skickades en enkät ut till representanter för TLV, läkemedelskommittéer och förskrivande läkare. Resultatet av enkätsvaren jämfördes därefter mot de prioriteringar som Socialstyrelsen gjort i de nationella riktlinjer som publicerats fram till juni 2009. Det beslutskriterium som TLV-respondenterna värderade som viktigast var kostnaden per QALY. Vid både rangordning och val av läkemedel uppmättes en stark motvilja bland TLV-respondenterna mot att välja det alternativ som hade en kostnad per QALY som översteg 1 miljon kr. Patientnyttan uttryckt som antalet vunna QALYs hade betydelse för rangordningen av alternativen, men patientgruppens initiala hälsotillstånd hade en högre relativ betydelse vid beslut om vilken eller vilka behandlingar TLV skulle välja att subventionera i ett genomsnittsfall. Bland läkemedelskommittéerna var information om kostnad per QALY underordnat patientgruppens initiala hälsotillstånd vid rangordningen av läkemedlen i genomsnitt. Det fanns dock inga statistiskt signifikanta skillnader mellan den inkrementella kostnaden per QALY och övriga beslutskriterier vid det faktiska valet av ett läkemedel att inkludera i rekommendationslistan. Den relativa betydelsen av beslutskriterierna bland förskrivande läkare påminde i stora delar om läkemedelskommittéernas. I likhet med TLV var kostnad per QALY det beslutskriterium som hade störst relativ betydelse för Socialstyrelsens prioriteringsbedömning. På motsvarande sätt fanns det likheter i den skattade genomsnittliga betalningsviljan mellan de båda nationella myndigheterna. Medan TLV:s betalningsvilja sträckte sig mellan 468 800 kr och 1 156 000 kr per QALY, var motsvarande spann i Socialstyrelsens riktlinjer 275 400 kr och 900 300 kr. Den hypotetiska betalningsviljan bland läkemedelskommittéer och läkare var i genomsnitt högre. Det fanns också skillnader i betalningsviljan för ett QALY mellan olika sjukdomsgrupper i Socialstyrelsen nationella riktlinjer. I förhållande till riktlinjerna för Hjärt, Depression/Ångest och Astma/KOL, var betalningsviljan statistiskt signifikant lägre för medicinska åtgärder inkluderade i (bröst, kolorektal, prostata) Cancerriktlinjerna. Den här studien bekräftar att experiment baserade på hypotetiska enkätsvar och analys av faktiska beslut är relevanta och tillämpbara för att skatta den relativa betydelsen av olika attribut samt betalningsviljan från ett beslutsfattarperspektiv
Average-Kr Schedule Benefits Generalized Motor Program Learning
No full text The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of average Knowledge of Results (KR) on generalized motor program learning and parameter learning. Two groups of participants ( n = 15 per group) performed 80 acquisition trials of sequential timing tasks. All participants were asked to depress sequentially four keys (2, 4, 8, and 6) on the numeric pad portion of the computer keyboard with the index finger of the right hand. The author presented average feedback on timing errors based on 5-trial blocks and compared this feedback schedule with every-trial feedback. Analysis of the delayed no-feedback retention test indicated a strong advantage for the average KR compared with the every-trial condition in both generalized motor program learning and parameter learning. The current results suggest that the average KR schedule may have positive effects on generalized motor program learning and parameter learning. </jats:p
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