28 research outputs found
CONVERTING TO ISLAM
No full textDespite the fact that early Chinese expeditions to this country were led by a Muslim Chinese named Zheng He (Cheng Ho), the overwhelming majority of Chinese Indonesians currently embrace religions other than Islam. This article aims to give a first-hand account of a Chinese woman who converted to Islam and the stereotypical opinion commonly held among Chinese Indonesians, particularly those living in Pontianak, about it. This article also looks at why a conversion to Islam is always seen with a puzzled frown.
Keyword: Convert, Islam, Chiness
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Bercerita dengan Metode Kamishibai
No full textThis quantitative research using quasi-experimental method aims to examine whether the kamishibai method is effective in improving the storytelling skills in English. As for the research design used was one group pretest posttest. To fnd out about the response of subjects in the study regarding the method of kamishibai, the researcher also distributed questionnaires. The results of the research indicated that based on the statistical calculation using formula of the paired samples t-test, the kamishibai method was effective in improving the students’ storytelling ability; and based on the responses of the respondents upon being tabulated, it was known that the majority of respondents (70%) agreed that the kamishibai method helps them to tell stories better than before. The average score of the tabulated responses of the respondents was 41 falling within the interval of 37–45, which means that the average respondent agreed with the effectiveness of the use of kamishibai method to improve the ability of storytelling in the English.</jats:p
The TMJ Troubles and Their Nutritional Consequences
No full textThe term temporomandibular disorder (TMD) refers to a heterogeneous group of pathologies affecting the stomatognathic system, characterized by pain and functional limitation within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area, the muscles of mastication, and the related structures. TMDs are considered the most common cause of orofacial pain of nondental origin and are currently included within the musculoskeletal disorders. They are characterized by a classically described triad of clinical signs: muscle and/or TMJ pain; TMJ sounds; and restriction, deviation, or deflection of the mouth opening path. TMD symptoms have always been considered to have a broad prevalence peak between 20 and 40 years of age, with a lower prevalence in younger and older people. For specific TMD conditions, distinct peaks were recently identified in patient populations: one around the age of 30 years for subjects with disc displacements and another over the age of 50 years for inflammatory-degenerative joint disorders. The etiology of TMD is complex, multifactorial and consistent with the biopsychosocial model of illness. Negative emotional states such as depression and anxiety are known contributing factors to TMD.
Clinical studies agree that chronic medical conditions have strong negative effects on quality of life.
TMD that run a chronic course are more likely associated with psychological and somatic complaints as well as sleep disturbances. Stressful and dynamic academic, work or family environments can also sufficiently.
The most common symptoms observed in patients with temporomandibular disorders are: chronic pain; loss of energy; activity restriction (inability) of physical ailments and emotional disorders; emotional state; general health problems; anxiety/depression; voice changes; taste changes, discomfort when eating, owing to limited mandibular opening and pain and discomfort with biting and chewing. Consequently, painful TMD may affect dietary intake and nutritional status.
Management of painful TMD is multifaceted and involves pharmacologic, physical, and cognitive behavior and dietary therapies. There is a lack of evidence‐based dietary guidelines for patients that clinicians can use to assess and manage diet and nutritional well-being in patients with this disorder. The Author presents recommendations to guide clinicians on how to help the neglected patients with painful TMD improve the quality of their diets and avoid or minimize eating-related pain.
The areas of discussion will include reviewing the following: potential impact of painful TMD on eating and nutritional status; potential role of diet and nutrition in the TMD management; and dietary guidance for patients with TMD
Techniques d'agression magique en pays bamana (région de Segu, Mali) : emprunts réciproques entre islam et religion traditionnelle
No full textThe author explores techniques of magical agression among the Bamana which attest to a circulation of knowledge and practices between Bamana who have converted to Islam and those who continue to follow traditional Bamana ways. The former borrow certain material substances from the traditional culture, associating them with verses of the Koran, whereas the latter refer from time to time to Koranic texts reputed to be highly efficient. Such extensive "tinkering" bears witness to the interpenetration of these two religious universes.L'auteur s'intéresse aux techniques d'agression magiques en pays bamana, qui témoignent d'une certaine circulation des savoirs et des pratiques entre les Bamana islamisés et ceux qui suivent la voie bamana traditionnelle. Les premiers empruntent certains de leurs matériaux à cette culture traditionnelle pour les associer aux versets coraniques, les seconds recourent à l'occasion à un texte coranique réputé particulièrement efficace. Ce vaste chantier de « bricolage » témoigne de l'interpénétration des deux univers religieux.Barrière Catherine. Techniques d'agression magique en pays bamana (région de Segu, Mali) : emprunts réciproques entre islam et religion traditionnelle. In: Journal des africanistes, 1999, tome 69, fascicule 1. Des objets et leurs musées. pp. 177-197
As mulheres “chaves do destino” no romance Segú, de Maryse Condé
No full textThe history of the Kingdom of Segu, situated in present-day Mali, during the 19th century is marked by a complex context: the renewed pressure of Islam, which had been rebuffed for a very long time, became drastic in this period under the command of the Toucouleur leader, El-Hadj Omar. This engendered conflicts even among families families inhabiting Segu. Moreover, the French – white and Catholic – projected themselves from their bases in Senegal towards the Niger River, seeking to control new territories and enslave populations. This backdrop is explored by Maryse Condé in her novel Segu, where she narrates the saga of four generations of descendants of the Bambara noble Dousika Traoré, a close associate of the (king) Mansa. Our particular interest here, informed by the characteristics of the author, is to analyze some profiles and trajectories of women deemed as “keys to fate”, who, in various ways, refuse to accept the traditional order.A história do Reino de Segu, no atual Mali, durante o século XIX, aponta para um contexto complexo: a pressão renovada do Islã, que já tinha sido rechaçada desde tempos longínquos, se fez drástica nesse período e sob as ordens do toucouleur El-Hadj Omar, colocando o conflito no seio mesmo das famílias habitantes de Segu. Ainda mais, franceses, brancos e católicos, a partir das suas bases no Senegal, se projetam no Rio Niger, atrás do controle de novos domínios e de populações a escravizar. Esse panorama é trabalhado por Maryse Condé no seu romance Segu, no qual acompanha a saga de quatro gerações de descendentes do nobre bambara Dousika Traoré, próximo do (rei) Mansa. Interessa-nos aqui, em particular e à luz das características da autora, analisar alguns perfis e trajetórias de mulheres consideradas como “chaves do destino” e que, de formas diversas, se recusam a aceitar a ordem tradicional
Privatization of natural monopoly public enterprises : the regulation issue
No full textMany developing countries are considering the privatization of public enterprise natural monopolies. Such as monopolies in charge of electricity, natural gas, waterand sewer, and telephone service. The author tries to answer two questions: (i) how great would the efficiency losses be, if any, if a public natural monopoly were privatized and allowed to function as an unregulated entity? and (ii) how much could performance be expected to improve if the privatized natural monopoly operated as a regular firm? The author argues that the deadweight losses from monopoly pricing by unregulated privatized natural monopolies are likely to be modest and may well be outweighed by improvements in technical efficiency. He also argues that regulation is not costless and may well foster static and dynamic efficiency losses greater than the deadweight monopoly losses it is intended to prevent. Also, the reduction of allocative inefficiency is only one of several objectives of regulation. If the case for regulation on efficiency is weak, then much greater attention must be paid to how these other objectives can best be achieved. Historically, achieving distributional equity has been an important objective of regulation. We have very little systematic knowledge about the actual distributional consequences of privatization and deregulation, so more research is needed.Administrative&Regulatory Law,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Access to Markets,Markets and Market Access
Agricultural Drainage Pipe Production Process Development Project on the Example of Pipelife Eesti AS
No full textAntud lõputöö „Põllumajandusdrenaažitoru tootmisprotsessi arendusprojekt Pipelife Eesti AS näitel“ eesmärgiks on Pipelife Eesti AS-is toodetavate põllumajandusdrenaaži toodete tooraine kulu langetamine, et saavutada konkurentsieelis turul ning tõsta kasumlikkust. Lisaks tooraine kulu langetamisele viidi läbi ka retseptide lihtsustamine, et kaotada riskiolukord, milles vale segu satub liinile. Lõputöös seatud eesmärkide saavutamiseks viidi läbi arendusprojekt, mille käigus vaadeldi ja arendati põllumajandusdrenaaži torude tootmisliini. Vaatluse käigus tuvastati probleemsed kohad liinil ning leiti nende mõju tooraine kulule. Peamiseks tooraine kulu mõjutajaks on tootekaal ja segu. Tootekaalu ja segu määrab protsessis perforaator, mis tekitas aukude ümber defekte ehk mikromõrasid. Selle tulemusena pidi segu sisaldama rohkem kalleid lisandeid ning tootekaal olema kõrge, et toru vastaks nõutud spetsifikatsioonidele. Arendusprojekti käigus asendati olemasolev perforaator välja, et muuta tootekaalud kergemaks ja kallite lisandite osakaal segus madalamaks. Uue perforaatori tehasesse toomisel, viidi kõigepealt läbi katsetused vanade parameetrite järgi, et leida erinevus uue ja vana perforaatori vahel. Seejärel hakati langetama meetrikaalusid vana seguga, kuid hiljem segu muutmisel viidi meetrikaalud veel madalamale.
Autori hinnangul täitis lõputöö seatud eesmärke. Arendusprojekti tulemusena langetati igal mõõdul meetrikaalusid ning loodi igale mõõdule ühine retsept, millega on võimalik toota kõiki põllumajandusdrenaaži tooteid vastavalt nõutud spetsifikatsioonidele. Arendusprojekti tulemusena on Pipelife Eesti AS-il võimalik 2021. aasta põllumajandusdrenaaži tootmismahtude juures säästa 194 090,97 eurot.The aim of the following thesis Agricultural drainage pipe production process development project on the example of Pipelife Eesti AS is to lower the cost of raw materials for agricultural drainage products produced by Pipelife Eesti AS in order to achieve a competitive advantage on the market. In addition to lowering the cost price, a simplification of the recipes was also carried out in order to eliminate the risk situation in which the wrong mixture gets on the line. In order to achieve the goals set in the thesis, a development project was carried out, during which the production line of agricultural drainage pipes was observed and developed. The observation identified problem areas on the line and assessed their impact on the cost price of the product. The main factor influencing the cost price is the product weight and the mixture. The weight of the product and the mixture are determined in the process by the perforator, which created defects or microcracks around the holes. As a result, the mixture had to contain more expensive additives, and the weight of the product was greater in order for the pipe to meet the required specifications. During the development project, the existing perforator was replaced to make the product scales lighter and the proportion of expensive additives in the mixture lower. When bringing a new perforator into the house, tests were first carried out on the parameters of the old to see the difference between the new and the old perforator. Then the meter weights began to be lowered with the old mixture, and later the mixture was changed and the meter weights were brought even lower.
In the opinion of the author, the thesis fulfilled the goals set. As a result of the development project, meter weights were lowered at every size and a common recipe was created for each size, with which it is possible to produce all agricultural drainage products according to the required specifications. As a result of the development project, Pipelife Eesti AS will be able to save 194,090.97 euros on agricultural drainage production volumes in 2021
Usage of Geopolymer in Road Construction
No full textLõputöö eesmärgiks oli valmistada geopolümeeri põlevkivituhast ning leida sellele rakendust teedeehituses tänavakivide ja äärekivide kasutamisena, asendamaks praegu kasutusel olevaid tsementbetoonil baseeruvaid tänava- ning äärekive. Lõputöö raames valmistati erinevaid segusid katsekehade loomiseks, kokku valmistati 56 erinevat katsekeha erinevate segu koostistega, et leida kõige optimaalsem ning kõige tugevam segu koostis. Valminud katsekehadele teostati survetugevuse mõõtmised, mis viidi läbi Tallinnas Teede Tehnokeskuses. Lisaks, kõige paremate tulemustega segudele määrati esialgne hind. Kokku valmistati 56 erineva segu koostisega katsekeha, mis kõik andsid eelduse järgmistele katsetustele. Proovikatsetel prooviti valmistada geopolümeeri, saamaks teada kas geopolümeer tekib ning kuidas. Tulemused ei olnud märkimisväärsed, valminud katsekeha oli pehme ning erilist tahenemist ei näidanud. Esimeses rotatsioonis võeti tulemusi arvesse, eelnevalt oli NaOH molaarsus liiga suur ning otsustati NaOH 5M peale lahjendada. Segudes kasutatav täitematerjal kuumutati 500 °C, et kuivaine omadusi parandada, lisaks võeti kasutusele naatriumsilikaat. Täitematerjali kuumutamine näitas segude paremaks muutumist, segud olid tekstuurilt paremad, ei tekkinud nii palju mikrolõhesid ja –pragusid. Kuna katsekehad tahenesid kiirelt, otsustati leelisaktivaatoritena kasutatavaid vedelikke lahjendada 1M peale, lootes, et katsekehad püsivad kauem niisketena ning lõpp tulemusena on vastupidavamad. Teises rotatsioonis pandi paika segu kogused, kus põlevkivituha kogus jäi samas ning ning lisatav savi kogus varieerus. Katsekehade jaoks valmistati spetsiaalsed anumad, luues eelduse, et kõik katsekehad on võrdse suurusega ning mõõtmistulemused on täpsed. Teise rotatsiooni katsekehadel selgus, et kõige paremat võimet vastupanna koormustele omavad katsekehad, mille kuivaine kogus on suurem, võttes optimaalseks kuivaine koguseks 200 g. Kolmandas rotatsioonis teostati katsed, lähtudes teise rotatsiooni tulemustest, kus täitematerjalina kuivaine kogused olid üldmahuga 200 g ning lisatava vedeliku kogused jäid 100 ml. Katsekehade tugevus paranes märgatavalt. Kolmanda rotatsiooni viimaste katsete puhul täheldati, et segu on kuiv ning selle segamine on raskendatud. Lähtudes saadud tulemustest, otsustati neljandas rotatsioonis kasutada kolmanda rotatsiooni viimaste katsekehade segu koguseid, kuna need segud olid kõige KOKKUVÕTE 53 tugevamad ning lisaks võeti kasutusele segu, kus kuivaine on täielikult põlevkivituhk. Neljandas rotatsioonis jäi segudes kasutatav kuivaine maht samaks ning lisatav vedeliku kogus varieerus, kuna varasemalt valmistatud segud olid kuivad ning segu tekstuur jäi ebaühtlane. Neljandas rotatsioonis valmistatud katsekehad olid erinevad. Kõige optimaalsem vedeliku kogus 200 g kuivaine juures on 120-140 ml, segud mis valmistati suurema kogusega vedelikuga olid nõrgemad ning deformeerusid kergelt, murdudes keskelt pooleks. Neljandas rotatsioonis saadud tulemused olid lõputöö jooksul kõige paremad. Katsekehad näitasid märkimisväärset võimet vastupanna neile avaldatavatele koormustele. Katsekehad numbriga 51 ja 52 on kõige suurema potentsiaaliga ning lähtudes lõputöö eesmärgist siis kõige õnnestunumad. Nende kahel katsekehal oli kõige parem tulemus survetugevuste mõõtmistel ning nende katsekehade valmistamisel kasutati 100% põlevkivituhka. Lõputöö tulemused on autori arvates edukad. Edasist protsessi võiks jätkata katsekehadega mis on toodud Tabelis 15. Antud katsekehad on kõige parema suutlikkusega vastu võtmaks koormuseid ning segude koostised on varieeruvad, mis tähendab, et segu koostised on erinevad ning see sobib edasisteks katsetusteks. Antud tulemuste põhjal võiks teostada külmakindluse mõõtmised, luua esialgne prototüüp, mis on sarnane praegu kasutusel olevale tänavakivile ning testida paindetugevust. See annab võimaluse võrrelda, kuidas lõputöö jooksul valmistatud katsekehad toimiksid võrreldes praegu kasutusel olevate tänava- ning äärekividega.The title of this thesis is Usage of Geopolymer in Road Construction. The aim of the given graduation thesis was to make geopolymer using oil shale ash and to implement it in road construction as paving stone and curb stone as a replacement for stones made of cement concrete. During the graduation thesis different sorts of mixtures were made for different test pieces. In total of 56 different test pieces were created to find the most optimal and strong compositions for creating a new mixture. Completed test pieces were subjected to tests of compressive strength carried out in Teede Tehnokeskus. An initial price was assigned to mixes with best results. Total of 56 complete test pieces with different mixtures were made giving premise for following tests. Attempts were made to create geopolymer to determine if and how the material is formed. The results were not significant considering the test piece was soft and was not solidified. The results were taken into account in the first rotation since the NaOH molarity was previously too great and the decision was to dilute NaOH to 5M. To improve the properties of the dry matter the filling material used in mixes was preheated to 500 °C and sodium silicate was introduced to the mixture. Heating the filling material showed approvement in texture of the mixes and the results showed less microfractures. As the test pieces dried quickly the liquids used as alkaline activators were diluted to 1M in hoping that the test bodies stay wet longer and ultimately be more durable. In the second rotation the amount of mixture was set - the amount of fly ash remained the same and the added clay varied. Special containers were made for the test pieces assuming that all test pieces were of equal size and that the results of the tests were accurate. As a result of the second rotation it was made clear the best resilience was in test pieces of more substantial amount of dry matter. The amount of optimal dry matter was 200 g. Results of second rotation was taken into account in the third rotation where the total amount of dry matter as filling material was 200 g and added liquid amount stayed at 100 ml. The strength of the test pieces improved significantly. The results of the third rotation showed the mixture being dry and difficult to mix. Based on the results achieved it was decided to use the same amount of mixture created during the third rotation in the fourth rotation as well as these mixtures were the strongest and the mixture where dry matter is only consisted of fly ash. In the fourth rotation the SUMMARY 55 amount of dry matter used in mixtures stayed the same and the amount of liquid added was variable as previously made test pieces were with bad texture and the mixture was uneven. Test pieces made in the fourth rotation were different. The most optimal liquid amount in 200 g of dry matter is 120- 140 ml as mixtures made with higher amount of liquid were too weak and deformed slightly, breaking half in the middle. The results achieved in the fourth rotation were the most outstanding during the overall thesis. Test pieces showed remarkable durability to compressed strength. Test pieces 51 and 52 have the most potential and taken into consideration the aim of the graduation thesis are the most successful ones. The two test pieces had the best results in the tests of compression strength and 100% of fly ash were used in the making of the test pieces. According to the author of the given graduation thesis the test results are successful. The further process could be continued with the test pieces shown in Table 15. These pieces have the best capacity to withstand great compression and the mixtures are variable meaning the compositions of the mixture are different and are ideal for further testing. According to the results the following steps should be tests to determine the resistance to cold, creating a prototype similar to paving stones used at the moment and testing the flexural strength. This provides an opportunity to compare how test pieces produced during the thesis work compared to the current paving and curb stones
Publishing performance in economics: Spanish rankings (1990-1999)
No full textThis paper contributes to the growing literature that analyses the Spanish publishing performance in Economics throughout the 1990s. Several bibliometric indicators are used in order to provide Spanish rankings (of both institutions and individual authors) based on Econlit journals. Further, lists of the ten most influential authors and articles over that period, in terms of citations, are reported.Publicad
Construction of cement stabilized pavement layers - economical and technical comparison of different technologies
No full textKäesolevas lõputöös annab autor lühiülevaate tsementstabiliseerimise olemusest ning selle peamistest omadustest. Analüüsitakse Eestis varem ehitatud tsementstabiliseeritud aluskihitidega teelõike ning võrreldakse antud teede seisukorda samal ajal ehitatud, kuid alternatiivsetele aluskihtidele rajatud lõikudega. Analüüsist selgub et tsementstabiliseerimine on võrreldes alternatiivlahendustega ajas hästi vastu pidanud ning selle vähene kasutamine ei ole justkui õigustatud. Kindlasti võib välja tuua et tsementstabiliseeritud kihid vajavad sügavamat analüüsi kuna antud töödega kaasneb ka palju riske, milledest mõningaid on ka käesolevas lõputöös lühidalt kirjeldatud. Lõputöös jagab autor ka isiklikku kogemust Reidi tee ning Ämari Lennubaasi tsementstabiliseerimisest. Antud objektidel sai proovitud mitmeid erinevaid tehnoloogiaid ning peamise järeldusena võiks välja tuua, et Eestis on mitmeid erinevaid normdokumente, mis seavad tööde läbiviimisele autori hinnangul ebamõistlikud piirangud. Liiga palju pööratakse normidokumentides rõhku tööde läbiviimisel kasutatavate segu tootmise ja paigaldamise tehnoloogilistele nõuetele, samas jääb tähelepanuta peamine, kuidas segu ekspluatatsiooni käigus käitub. Rohkem nõudmisi tuleks esitada segu projekteerimisele ning kasutuseelsele katsetusele, sealjuures tuleks kaaluda maksimaalselt võimalusi taaskasutamiseks. Praegu seatakse autori hinnangul ka ebamõitslikult ranged piirväärtused segu lähteamaterjalidele, mida näitab ka võrdlus muu maailma praktikaga. Autor on arvamusel et stabiliseeritud katendikihid on Eesti oludes ainuõige valik, mida näitab ka majanduslik analüüs võrreldes alternatiivlahendustega. Praeguste stabiliseeritud katendikihtide puhul kasutatakse autori hinnangul liialt palju juurdeveetavaid materjale, samas ei ole uuritud kuidas killustiku asemel näiteks freesasfalt käituks tsementstabiliseerimisel ilma bituumenit lisamata. Samuti tuleks üha rohkem kaaluda aheraine killustiku ja näiteks põlevkivi tuha kasutamisele. Teadaolevalt on Asfaldiliidus hiljuti moodustatud ka stabiliseeritud katendikihtide töögrupp, kust võiks lähiajal oodata uusi lahendusi ning ettepanekuid stabiliseerimise osas. Kuna pidevalt töötatakse välja uusi tooteid, siis on stabiliseerimise sideaine valikul erinevaid võimalusi, on oluline et neid tooteid praktikas ka proovitaks.In the following thesis „Construction of cement stabilized layers – economical and technological comparision of different technologies“ the author gives a short overview about cement-stabilized layers. Road sections with cement-stabilized base layers previously built in Estonia are analyzed and the condition of these roads is compared with similar sections built at the same time, but on alternative base layers. The analysis shows that cement stabilization has withstood well over time compared to alternative solutions, and its low use does not seem to be justified. It can certainly be pointed out that cement-stabilized layers need deeper analysis, as these works also involve many risks, some of which are briefly described in this dissertation. In the thesis author shares personal experience of cement stabilization in Reidi tee and Ämari projects. Several different technologies were tested there, and the main conclusion would be that there are many different normative documents in Estonia, which, in the author's opinion, impose unreasonable restrictions on the performance of works. Too much focus is placed on the technological requirements for the production and installation of the mixture, while the most important, how the mixture behaves during time and use, is ignored. More requirements should be directed on the design of the mixture and on pre-use testing, while also considering the possibilities of reusing materials. At present, according to the author, unreasonably strict limit values are set for the materials used in the mixture, which is also shown by a comparison with the rest of the world. In autors opinion cement-stabilized layers is the right and only choice in Estoninan conditions, which is also shown by the economic analysis compared to alternative solutions. According to the author, in the case of the current stabilized pavement layers, too much imported materials are used, however, it has not been studied how, instead of gravel, milled asphalt would behave in cement stabilization without the addition of bitumen. Consideration should also be given to the use of oil shale waste rock and, for example, oil shale ash. It is known that a working group of stabilized paving layers has recently been formed in the Estonian Asphalt Association, from which new solutions and proposals for stabilization could be expected in the near future. As new products are constantly being developed, there are different options for the use of binder in stabilization layers, and it is important that these products are tested in practice
