1,683 research outputs found
The Investigation of Aromatic Amino Acid Pathway in Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Using Bioinformatics Approaches
No full textAromatik amino asitler (AAA) şikimat metabolik yolu ile elde edilirler ve protein sentezinden sonra çeşitli ikincil metabolitler olan pigmentler, alkaloidler, hormonlar ve hücre duvarı parçaları gibi öncü maddelerin sentezinde kullanılmaktadırlar. AAA olan L-Trp, L-Phe ve L-Tyr amino asitleri korizmattan şikimat metabolik yolunun sonunda meydana gelmektedirler. Bu amino asitler özellike K1 ve B9 vitaminleri ile bitki savunma sisteminin önemli bir parçası olan salisilik asitin öncü maddeleridirler. AAA’ler hayvan hücrelerinde sentezlenemediğinden bitkisel kaynaklı yiyeceklerden karşılanması gerekmektedir. AAA ve türevlerinin bu önemli fonksiyonlarına rağmen, mikrobiyal çalışmalar dışında AAA metabolik yolu ve bu amino asitlerin bitkilerdeki düzenlenme mekanizması üzerine son derece sınırlı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada patates (Solanum tuberosum) bitkisinde AAA’lerin sentez mekanizmasında yer alan bazı genlerin hangi genlerle ilişkili olduğu dolayısıyla nasıl düzenlendiği biyoinformatik yaklaşımlarla incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda AAA yolağındaki en önemli gen olan korizmat geni ile patates bitkisinde yer alan yaklaşık 39000 gen arasındaki ilişki ko-expresyon ağı ile belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçları şikimat yolağının anlaşılmasına katkı sunmaktadır
Inflammatory cells in the atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm
No full textUpalna reakcija definirana je kao ključni regulatorni proces ateroskleroze.
Usporedbom vrste i količine upalnih stanica u stijenci aneurizme trbušne aorte (ATA)
i stijenci samo aterosklerotski promijenjene trbušne aorte istražen je utjecaj upale na
stvaranje aterosklerotskog plaka i razvoj ATA.
U stijenci ATA (40 bolesnika liječenih otvorenim kirurškim popravkom anurizme) i
stijenci samo aterosklerotski promijenjene trbušne aorte (20 bolesnika) rađena je
usporedba vrste i količine upalnih stanica - makrofaga, mastocita, limfocita B,
plazma stanica, pomoćničkih CD4+ limfocita T, citotoksičnih CD8+ limfocita T i
regulacijskih CD4+Foxp3+ limfocita T. Upalne stanice obilježene su prikazom
specifičnih staničnih biljega imunohistokemijskom metodom na parafinskim rezovima
tkiva. Također su analizirane morfološke karakteristike ATA (promjer, morfološki tip -
fuziformna/sakularna, izolirana aneurizma trbušne aorte ili proširena sa
zahvaćanjem jedne i/ili dvije ilijakalne arterije s ograncima, prisutnost
intraluminalnog tromba), laboratorijski pokazatelji (CRP, D-dimer, ukupni kolesterol,
HDL, LDL, trigliceridi) i klinički čimbenici rizika ateroskleroze (dob, spol, tjelesna
visina, tjelesna težina, indeks tjelesne mase (ITM), pušenje, krvni tlak – sistolički/
dijastolički, šećerna bolest, prisutnost znakova periferne ateroskleroze, druga
periferna aneurizma, uzimanje lijekova - statini).
U stijenci ATA nađen je značajno veći broj citotoksičnih CD8+ limfocita T,
regulacijskih CD4+Foxp3+ limfocita T i plazma stanica u odnosu na stijenku samo
aterosklerotski promijenjene trbušne aorte. Značajno veći broj pomoćničkih CD4+
limfocita T i makrofaga nađen je u stijenci trbušne aorte kontrolne skupine. Kod
najvećeg broja bolesnika promjer ATA je iznosio 45-75 mm, aneurizme su bile češće
sakularnog oblika (32/40), izolirane bez zahvaćanja jedne i/ili dvije ilijakalne arterije s
ograncima (36/40) i s prisutnim intraluminalnim trombom (28/40). Usporedbom vrste
i količine ispitivanih upalnih stanica u stijenci ATA i morfoloških karakteristika ATA
nađena je statistički značajna veća učestalost limfocita B u fuziformnom tipu ATA.
Vrsta i učestalost ispitivanih upalnih stanica nisu povezane s ostalim analiziranim
morfološkim karakteristikama ATA. Usporedbom vrste i količine ispitivanih upalnih stanica s ispitivanim laboratorijskim pokazateljima i kliničkim čimbenicima rizika za
aterosklerozu, nađeni statistički signifikantni rezultati povezanosti plazma stanica s
vrijednostima LDL i ukupnog kolesterola, citotoksičnih CD8+ limfocita T i plazma
stanica s vrijednostima dijastoličkog tlaka i regulacijskih CD4+Foxp3+ limfocita s
ITM i tjelesnom težinom bolesnika nemaju specifičan klinički značaj. Usporedbom
morfoloških karakteristika ATA s ispitivanim laboratorijskim pokazateljima i kliničkim
čimbenicima rizika za aterosklerozu vidjelo se da je promjer ATA značajno povezan
s povišenom vrijednosti CRP. Prošireni tip ATA sa zahvaćanjem jedne i/ili dvije
ilijakalne arterije s ograncima bio je statistički značajno češće prisutan u bolesnika
starije životne dobi.
Veća učestalost citotoksičnih CD8+ limfocita T u ATA odgovorna je za oštećenje
glatkomišićnih stanica i destrukciju stijenke aorte. Upalna reakcija u samo
aterosklerotski promijenjenoj stijenci trbušne aorte karakterizirana je većom
učestalošću pomoćničkih CD4+ limfocita T i makrofaga važnih u početnoj fazi i
poticanju upale. Povećan broj regulacijskih CD4+Foxp3+ limfocita T i plazma stanica
u stijenci ATA ukazuje na prevladavanje inhibitornog upalnog odgovora u ATA.
Različite karakteristike upalnog odgovora u stijenci samo aterosklerotski
promijenjene aorte i stijenci ATA ukazuju na promjene karakteristika upalne reakcije
s napredovanjem ateroskleroze i nastankom aneurizmatske komplikacije. Fuziformni
tip ATA karakteriziran je povećanom inhibitornom upalnom reakcijom limfocita B.
Vrsta i učestalost ispitivanih upalnih stanica nisu povezane s ostalim morfološkim
karakteristikama ATA – promjer, izolirana ili proširena aneurizma sa zahvaćanjem
jedne i/ili dvije ilijakalne arterije s ograncima i prisutnost intraluminalnog tromba.
Promjer ATA statistički je značajno povezan s povišenom vrijednosti CRP što
ukazuje na važnost upale u progresiji ateroskleroze i razvoju aneurizmatskih
komplikacija. Prošireni tip ATA sa zahvaćanjem jedne i/ili dvije ilijakalne arterije s
ograncima značajno češće je prisutan u bolesnika starije životne dobi, ukazujući na
tezi klinički oblik ATA kod starijih bolesnika.The inflammatory reaction is defined as the key regulatory atherosclerotic process.
By comparing the type and volume of inflammatory cells in the abdominal aortic
aneurysm (AAA) walls and the only atherosclerotic abdominal aorta abnormalities,
the influence of inflammation on the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and the
development of ATA was investigated.
Comparison of the type and volume of inflammatory cells - macrophage, mast cell,
lymphocyte B, plasma cells, auxiliary CD4 + lymphocytes T, cytotoxic CD8 +
lymphocytes, in the AAA strain (40 patients treated with open surgical aneurysm
repair) and rocks only atherosclerotic altered abdominal aorta (20 patients) T and
regulatory CD4 + Foxp3 + lymphocytes T. Inflammatory cells are characterized by
the representation of specific cellular markers by immunohistochemical method on
paraffinic tissue cuts. The morphological characteristics of AAA (diameter,
morphological type - fusiform / saccular, isolated abdominal aorta aneurysm or
extended with one and / or two iliac arteries , presence of intraluminal thrombus),
laboratory parameters (CRP, D-dimer, total cholesterol (age, gender, body weight,
body weight, body mass index (ITM), smoking, blood pressure - systolic/diastolic,
diabetes mellitus, presence of peripheral atherosclerosis, other peripheral
aneurysms), and clinical risk factors of atherosclerosis, taking medicines - statins).
In the AAA strains, a significantly higher number of cytotoxic CD8 + lymphocytes T,
regulatory CD4 + Foxp3 + lymphocytes T and plasma cells were found in
comparison to the only atherosclerotic abdominal aortic ventricular wall. Significantly
larger number of auxiliary CD4 + lymphocytes T and macrophages were found in the
abdominal aorta of the control group. In the largest number of patients, the diameter
of AAA was 45-75 mm, aneurysms were more often sacrilege (32/40), isolated
without the involvement of one and/or two iliac arteries with branches (36/40) and
with intraluminal thrombosis (28/40). By comparison of the type and volume of the examined inflammatory cells in the AAA strain and the morphological characteristics
of the AAA, a statistically significant higher incidence of lymphocyte B was found in
the fusiform type of AAA. The type and frequency of the examined inflammatory cells
are not related to other analyzed morphological characteristics of AAA. By
comparing the type and volume of the investigated inflammatory cells with the
investigated laboratory indicators and clinical factors of atherosclerosis risk,
statistically significant results of plasma cell-related correlation with LDL and total
cholesterol, cytotoxic CD8 + lymphocyte T and plasma cells were found with diastolic
pressure values and regulatory CD4 + Foxp3 + lymphocytes with ITM and body
weight of patients have no specific clinical relevance. By comparing the
morphological characteristics of AAA with the investigated laboratory indicators and
the clinical factors of atherosclerosis risk, the AAA diameter was significantly
associated with elevated CRP values. The extended AAA type with the involvement
of one and/or two lipid arteries with the ribs was statistically significantly more
frequent in elderly patients.
The higher incidence of cytotoxic CD8 + lymphocytes T in AAA is responsible for
damage to smooth muscle cells and the destruction of the aortic wall. The
inflammatory reaction in atherosclerotic alteration of the abdominal aorta was
characterized by a higher incidence of auxiliary CD4 + lymphocytes T and
macrophages important in the initial stage and stimulation of inflammation. An
increased number of regulatory CD4 + Foxp3 + T lymphocytes and AAA plasma
cells suggests overcoming the inhibitory inflammatory response in AAA. Different
characteristics of the inflammatory response in the parts only atherosclerotic aortic
and aorta scars indicate changes in the characteristics of the inflammatory reaction
with atherosclerosis and the emergence of aneurysmatic complications. The fusiform
type of AAA is characterized by an increased inhibitory inflammatory response of
lymphocytes B. The type and frequency of the examined inflammatory cells are not
related to other morphological characteristics of the AAA diameter, isolated or
extended aneurysm with the involvement of one and / or two iliac arteries with the
branches and the presence of intraluminal thrombus. The AAA diameter is
statistically significantly associated with elevated CRP values, indicating the
importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis progression and the development of
aneurysmatic complications. The extended AAA type with the involvement of one and/or two iliac arteries with the bra nches is significantly more frequent in elderly
patients, pointing to the aetiology of AAA in elderly patients
Inflammatory cells in the atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm
No full textUpalna reakcija definirana je kao ključni regulatorni proces ateroskleroze.
Usporedbom vrste i količine upalnih stanica u stijenci aneurizme trbušne aorte (ATA)
i stijenci samo aterosklerotski promijenjene trbušne aorte istražen je utjecaj upale na
stvaranje aterosklerotskog plaka i razvoj ATA.
U stijenci ATA (40 bolesnika liječenih otvorenim kirurškim popravkom anurizme) i
stijenci samo aterosklerotski promijenjene trbušne aorte (20 bolesnika) rađena je
usporedba vrste i količine upalnih stanica - makrofaga, mastocita, limfocita B,
plazma stanica, pomoćničkih CD4+ limfocita T, citotoksičnih CD8+ limfocita T i
regulacijskih CD4+Foxp3+ limfocita T. Upalne stanice obilježene su prikazom
specifičnih staničnih biljega imunohistokemijskom metodom na parafinskim rezovima
tkiva. Također su analizirane morfološke karakteristike ATA (promjer, morfološki tip -
fuziformna/sakularna, izolirana aneurizma trbušne aorte ili proširena sa
zahvaćanjem jedne i/ili dvije ilijakalne arterije s ograncima, prisutnost
intraluminalnog tromba), laboratorijski pokazatelji (CRP, D-dimer, ukupni kolesterol,
HDL, LDL, trigliceridi) i klinički čimbenici rizika ateroskleroze (dob, spol, tjelesna
visina, tjelesna težina, indeks tjelesne mase (ITM), pušenje, krvni tlak – sistolički/
dijastolički, šećerna bolest, prisutnost znakova periferne ateroskleroze, druga
periferna aneurizma, uzimanje lijekova - statini).
U stijenci ATA nađen je značajno veći broj citotoksičnih CD8+ limfocita T,
regulacijskih CD4+Foxp3+ limfocita T i plazma stanica u odnosu na stijenku samo
aterosklerotski promijenjene trbušne aorte. Značajno veći broj pomoćničkih CD4+
limfocita T i makrofaga nađen je u stijenci trbušne aorte kontrolne skupine. Kod
najvećeg broja bolesnika promjer ATA je iznosio 45-75 mm, aneurizme su bile češće
sakularnog oblika (32/40), izolirane bez zahvaćanja jedne i/ili dvije ilijakalne arterije s
ograncima (36/40) i s prisutnim intraluminalnim trombom (28/40). Usporedbom vrste
i količine ispitivanih upalnih stanica u stijenci ATA i morfoloških karakteristika ATA
nađena je statistički značajna veća učestalost limfocita B u fuziformnom tipu ATA.
Vrsta i učestalost ispitivanih upalnih stanica nisu povezane s ostalim analiziranim
morfološkim karakteristikama ATA. Usporedbom vrste i količine ispitivanih upalnih stanica s ispitivanim laboratorijskim pokazateljima i kliničkim čimbenicima rizika za
aterosklerozu, nađeni statistički signifikantni rezultati povezanosti plazma stanica s
vrijednostima LDL i ukupnog kolesterola, citotoksičnih CD8+ limfocita T i plazma
stanica s vrijednostima dijastoličkog tlaka i regulacijskih CD4+Foxp3+ limfocita s
ITM i tjelesnom težinom bolesnika nemaju specifičan klinički značaj. Usporedbom
morfoloških karakteristika ATA s ispitivanim laboratorijskim pokazateljima i kliničkim
čimbenicima rizika za aterosklerozu vidjelo se da je promjer ATA značajno povezan
s povišenom vrijednosti CRP. Prošireni tip ATA sa zahvaćanjem jedne i/ili dvije
ilijakalne arterije s ograncima bio je statistički značajno češće prisutan u bolesnika
starije životne dobi.
Veća učestalost citotoksičnih CD8+ limfocita T u ATA odgovorna je za oštećenje
glatkomišićnih stanica i destrukciju stijenke aorte. Upalna reakcija u samo
aterosklerotski promijenjenoj stijenci trbušne aorte karakterizirana je većom
učestalošću pomoćničkih CD4+ limfocita T i makrofaga važnih u početnoj fazi i
poticanju upale. Povećan broj regulacijskih CD4+Foxp3+ limfocita T i plazma stanica
u stijenci ATA ukazuje na prevladavanje inhibitornog upalnog odgovora u ATA.
Različite karakteristike upalnog odgovora u stijenci samo aterosklerotski
promijenjene aorte i stijenci ATA ukazuju na promjene karakteristika upalne reakcije
s napredovanjem ateroskleroze i nastankom aneurizmatske komplikacije. Fuziformni
tip ATA karakteriziran je povećanom inhibitornom upalnom reakcijom limfocita B.
Vrsta i učestalost ispitivanih upalnih stanica nisu povezane s ostalim morfološkim
karakteristikama ATA – promjer, izolirana ili proširena aneurizma sa zahvaćanjem
jedne i/ili dvije ilijakalne arterije s ograncima i prisutnost intraluminalnog tromba.
Promjer ATA statistički je značajno povezan s povišenom vrijednosti CRP što
ukazuje na važnost upale u progresiji ateroskleroze i razvoju aneurizmatskih
komplikacija. Prošireni tip ATA sa zahvaćanjem jedne i/ili dvije ilijakalne arterije s
ograncima značajno češće je prisutan u bolesnika starije životne dobi, ukazujući na
tezi klinički oblik ATA kod starijih bolesnika.The inflammatory reaction is defined as the key regulatory atherosclerotic process.
By comparing the type and volume of inflammatory cells in the abdominal aortic
aneurysm (AAA) walls and the only atherosclerotic abdominal aorta abnormalities,
the influence of inflammation on the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and the
development of ATA was investigated.
Comparison of the type and volume of inflammatory cells - macrophage, mast cell,
lymphocyte B, plasma cells, auxiliary CD4 + lymphocytes T, cytotoxic CD8 +
lymphocytes, in the AAA strain (40 patients treated with open surgical aneurysm
repair) and rocks only atherosclerotic altered abdominal aorta (20 patients) T and
regulatory CD4 + Foxp3 + lymphocytes T. Inflammatory cells are characterized by
the representation of specific cellular markers by immunohistochemical method on
paraffinic tissue cuts. The morphological characteristics of AAA (diameter,
morphological type - fusiform / saccular, isolated abdominal aorta aneurysm or
extended with one and / or two iliac arteries , presence of intraluminal thrombus),
laboratory parameters (CRP, D-dimer, total cholesterol (age, gender, body weight,
body weight, body mass index (ITM), smoking, blood pressure - systolic/diastolic,
diabetes mellitus, presence of peripheral atherosclerosis, other peripheral
aneurysms), and clinical risk factors of atherosclerosis, taking medicines - statins).
In the AAA strains, a significantly higher number of cytotoxic CD8 + lymphocytes T,
regulatory CD4 + Foxp3 + lymphocytes T and plasma cells were found in
comparison to the only atherosclerotic abdominal aortic ventricular wall. Significantly
larger number of auxiliary CD4 + lymphocytes T and macrophages were found in the
abdominal aorta of the control group. In the largest number of patients, the diameter
of AAA was 45-75 mm, aneurysms were more often sacrilege (32/40), isolated
without the involvement of one and/or two iliac arteries with branches (36/40) and
with intraluminal thrombosis (28/40). By comparison of the type and volume of the examined inflammatory cells in the AAA strain and the morphological characteristics
of the AAA, a statistically significant higher incidence of lymphocyte B was found in
the fusiform type of AAA. The type and frequency of the examined inflammatory cells
are not related to other analyzed morphological characteristics of AAA. By
comparing the type and volume of the investigated inflammatory cells with the
investigated laboratory indicators and clinical factors of atherosclerosis risk,
statistically significant results of plasma cell-related correlation with LDL and total
cholesterol, cytotoxic CD8 + lymphocyte T and plasma cells were found with diastolic
pressure values and regulatory CD4 + Foxp3 + lymphocytes with ITM and body
weight of patients have no specific clinical relevance. By comparing the
morphological characteristics of AAA with the investigated laboratory indicators and
the clinical factors of atherosclerosis risk, the AAA diameter was significantly
associated with elevated CRP values. The extended AAA type with the involvement
of one and/or two lipid arteries with the ribs was statistically significantly more
frequent in elderly patients.
The higher incidence of cytotoxic CD8 + lymphocytes T in AAA is responsible for
damage to smooth muscle cells and the destruction of the aortic wall. The
inflammatory reaction in atherosclerotic alteration of the abdominal aorta was
characterized by a higher incidence of auxiliary CD4 + lymphocytes T and
macrophages important in the initial stage and stimulation of inflammation. An
increased number of regulatory CD4 + Foxp3 + T lymphocytes and AAA plasma
cells suggests overcoming the inhibitory inflammatory response in AAA. Different
characteristics of the inflammatory response in the parts only atherosclerotic aortic
and aorta scars indicate changes in the characteristics of the inflammatory reaction
with atherosclerosis and the emergence of aneurysmatic complications. The fusiform
type of AAA is characterized by an increased inhibitory inflammatory response of
lymphocytes B. The type and frequency of the examined inflammatory cells are not
related to other morphological characteristics of the AAA diameter, isolated or
extended aneurysm with the involvement of one and / or two iliac arteries with the
branches and the presence of intraluminal thrombus. The AAA diameter is
statistically significantly associated with elevated CRP values, indicating the
importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis progression and the development of
aneurysmatic complications. The extended AAA type with the involvement of one and/or two iliac arteries with the bra nches is significantly more frequent in elderly
patients, pointing to the aetiology of AAA in elderly patients
Inflammatory cells in the atherosclerotic abdominal aortic aneurysm
No full textUpalna reakcija definirana je kao ključni regulatorni proces ateroskleroze.
Usporedbom vrste i količine upalnih stanica u stijenci aneurizme trbušne aorte (ATA)
i stijenci samo aterosklerotski promijenjene trbušne aorte istražen je utjecaj upale na
stvaranje aterosklerotskog plaka i razvoj ATA.
U stijenci ATA (40 bolesnika liječenih otvorenim kirurškim popravkom anurizme) i
stijenci samo aterosklerotski promijenjene trbušne aorte (20 bolesnika) rađena je
usporedba vrste i količine upalnih stanica - makrofaga, mastocita, limfocita B,
plazma stanica, pomoćničkih CD4+ limfocita T, citotoksičnih CD8+ limfocita T i
regulacijskih CD4+Foxp3+ limfocita T. Upalne stanice obilježene su prikazom
specifičnih staničnih biljega imunohistokemijskom metodom na parafinskim rezovima
tkiva. Također su analizirane morfološke karakteristike ATA (promjer, morfološki tip -
fuziformna/sakularna, izolirana aneurizma trbušne aorte ili proširena sa
zahvaćanjem jedne i/ili dvije ilijakalne arterije s ograncima, prisutnost
intraluminalnog tromba), laboratorijski pokazatelji (CRP, D-dimer, ukupni kolesterol,
HDL, LDL, trigliceridi) i klinički čimbenici rizika ateroskleroze (dob, spol, tjelesna
visina, tjelesna težina, indeks tjelesne mase (ITM), pušenje, krvni tlak – sistolički/
dijastolički, šećerna bolest, prisutnost znakova periferne ateroskleroze, druga
periferna aneurizma, uzimanje lijekova - statini).
U stijenci ATA nađen je značajno veći broj citotoksičnih CD8+ limfocita T,
regulacijskih CD4+Foxp3+ limfocita T i plazma stanica u odnosu na stijenku samo
aterosklerotski promijenjene trbušne aorte. Značajno veći broj pomoćničkih CD4+
limfocita T i makrofaga nađen je u stijenci trbušne aorte kontrolne skupine. Kod
najvećeg broja bolesnika promjer ATA je iznosio 45-75 mm, aneurizme su bile češće
sakularnog oblika (32/40), izolirane bez zahvaćanja jedne i/ili dvije ilijakalne arterije s
ograncima (36/40) i s prisutnim intraluminalnim trombom (28/40). Usporedbom vrste
i količine ispitivanih upalnih stanica u stijenci ATA i morfoloških karakteristika ATA
nađena je statistički značajna veća učestalost limfocita B u fuziformnom tipu ATA.
Vrsta i učestalost ispitivanih upalnih stanica nisu povezane s ostalim analiziranim
morfološkim karakteristikama ATA. Usporedbom vrste i količine ispitivanih upalnih stanica s ispitivanim laboratorijskim pokazateljima i kliničkim čimbenicima rizika za
aterosklerozu, nađeni statistički signifikantni rezultati povezanosti plazma stanica s
vrijednostima LDL i ukupnog kolesterola, citotoksičnih CD8+ limfocita T i plazma
stanica s vrijednostima dijastoličkog tlaka i regulacijskih CD4+Foxp3+ limfocita s
ITM i tjelesnom težinom bolesnika nemaju specifičan klinički značaj. Usporedbom
morfoloških karakteristika ATA s ispitivanim laboratorijskim pokazateljima i kliničkim
čimbenicima rizika za aterosklerozu vidjelo se da je promjer ATA značajno povezan
s povišenom vrijednosti CRP. Prošireni tip ATA sa zahvaćanjem jedne i/ili dvije
ilijakalne arterije s ograncima bio je statistički značajno češće prisutan u bolesnika
starije životne dobi.
Veća učestalost citotoksičnih CD8+ limfocita T u ATA odgovorna je za oštećenje
glatkomišićnih stanica i destrukciju stijenke aorte. Upalna reakcija u samo
aterosklerotski promijenjenoj stijenci trbušne aorte karakterizirana je većom
učestalošću pomoćničkih CD4+ limfocita T i makrofaga važnih u početnoj fazi i
poticanju upale. Povećan broj regulacijskih CD4+Foxp3+ limfocita T i plazma stanica
u stijenci ATA ukazuje na prevladavanje inhibitornog upalnog odgovora u ATA.
Različite karakteristike upalnog odgovora u stijenci samo aterosklerotski
promijenjene aorte i stijenci ATA ukazuju na promjene karakteristika upalne reakcije
s napredovanjem ateroskleroze i nastankom aneurizmatske komplikacije. Fuziformni
tip ATA karakteriziran je povećanom inhibitornom upalnom reakcijom limfocita B.
Vrsta i učestalost ispitivanih upalnih stanica nisu povezane s ostalim morfološkim
karakteristikama ATA – promjer, izolirana ili proširena aneurizma sa zahvaćanjem
jedne i/ili dvije ilijakalne arterije s ograncima i prisutnost intraluminalnog tromba.
Promjer ATA statistički je značajno povezan s povišenom vrijednosti CRP što
ukazuje na važnost upale u progresiji ateroskleroze i razvoju aneurizmatskih
komplikacija. Prošireni tip ATA sa zahvaćanjem jedne i/ili dvije ilijakalne arterije s
ograncima značajno češće je prisutan u bolesnika starije životne dobi, ukazujući na
tezi klinički oblik ATA kod starijih bolesnika.The inflammatory reaction is defined as the key regulatory atherosclerotic process.
By comparing the type and volume of inflammatory cells in the abdominal aortic
aneurysm (AAA) walls and the only atherosclerotic abdominal aorta abnormalities,
the influence of inflammation on the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and the
development of ATA was investigated.
Comparison of the type and volume of inflammatory cells - macrophage, mast cell,
lymphocyte B, plasma cells, auxiliary CD4 + lymphocytes T, cytotoxic CD8 +
lymphocytes, in the AAA strain (40 patients treated with open surgical aneurysm
repair) and rocks only atherosclerotic altered abdominal aorta (20 patients) T and
regulatory CD4 + Foxp3 + lymphocytes T. Inflammatory cells are characterized by
the representation of specific cellular markers by immunohistochemical method on
paraffinic tissue cuts. The morphological characteristics of AAA (diameter,
morphological type - fusiform / saccular, isolated abdominal aorta aneurysm or
extended with one and / or two iliac arteries , presence of intraluminal thrombus),
laboratory parameters (CRP, D-dimer, total cholesterol (age, gender, body weight,
body weight, body mass index (ITM), smoking, blood pressure - systolic/diastolic,
diabetes mellitus, presence of peripheral atherosclerosis, other peripheral
aneurysms), and clinical risk factors of atherosclerosis, taking medicines - statins).
In the AAA strains, a significantly higher number of cytotoxic CD8 + lymphocytes T,
regulatory CD4 + Foxp3 + lymphocytes T and plasma cells were found in
comparison to the only atherosclerotic abdominal aortic ventricular wall. Significantly
larger number of auxiliary CD4 + lymphocytes T and macrophages were found in the
abdominal aorta of the control group. In the largest number of patients, the diameter
of AAA was 45-75 mm, aneurysms were more often sacrilege (32/40), isolated
without the involvement of one and/or two iliac arteries with branches (36/40) and
with intraluminal thrombosis (28/40). By comparison of the type and volume of the examined inflammatory cells in the AAA strain and the morphological characteristics
of the AAA, a statistically significant higher incidence of lymphocyte B was found in
the fusiform type of AAA. The type and frequency of the examined inflammatory cells
are not related to other analyzed morphological characteristics of AAA. By
comparing the type and volume of the investigated inflammatory cells with the
investigated laboratory indicators and clinical factors of atherosclerosis risk,
statistically significant results of plasma cell-related correlation with LDL and total
cholesterol, cytotoxic CD8 + lymphocyte T and plasma cells were found with diastolic
pressure values and regulatory CD4 + Foxp3 + lymphocytes with ITM and body
weight of patients have no specific clinical relevance. By comparing the
morphological characteristics of AAA with the investigated laboratory indicators and
the clinical factors of atherosclerosis risk, the AAA diameter was significantly
associated with elevated CRP values. The extended AAA type with the involvement
of one and/or two lipid arteries with the ribs was statistically significantly more
frequent in elderly patients.
The higher incidence of cytotoxic CD8 + lymphocytes T in AAA is responsible for
damage to smooth muscle cells and the destruction of the aortic wall. The
inflammatory reaction in atherosclerotic alteration of the abdominal aorta was
characterized by a higher incidence of auxiliary CD4 + lymphocytes T and
macrophages important in the initial stage and stimulation of inflammation. An
increased number of regulatory CD4 + Foxp3 + T lymphocytes and AAA plasma
cells suggests overcoming the inhibitory inflammatory response in AAA. Different
characteristics of the inflammatory response in the parts only atherosclerotic aortic
and aorta scars indicate changes in the characteristics of the inflammatory reaction
with atherosclerosis and the emergence of aneurysmatic complications. The fusiform
type of AAA is characterized by an increased inhibitory inflammatory response of
lymphocytes B. The type and frequency of the examined inflammatory cells are not
related to other morphological characteristics of the AAA diameter, isolated or
extended aneurysm with the involvement of one and / or two iliac arteries with the
branches and the presence of intraluminal thrombus. The AAA diameter is
statistically significantly associated with elevated CRP values, indicating the
importance of inflammation in atherosclerosis progression and the development of
aneurysmatic complications. The extended AAA type with the involvement of one and/or two iliac arteries with the bra nches is significantly more frequent in elderly
patients, pointing to the aetiology of AAA in elderly patients
The cytoplasmic domain of the AAA+ protease FtsH is tilted with respect to the membrane to facilitate substrate entry
No full textAAA+ proteases are degradation machines that use ATP hydrolysis to unfold protein substrates and translocate them through a central pore toward a degradation chamber. FtsH, a bacterial membrane-anchored AAA+ protease, plays a vital role in membrane protein quality control. How substrates reach the FtsH central pore is an open key question that is not resolved by the available atomic structures of cytoplasmic and periplasmic domains. In this work, we used both negative stain TEM and cryo-EM to determine 3D maps of the full-length Aquifex aeolicus FtsH protease. Unexpectedly, we observed that detergent solubilization induces the formation of fully active FtsH dodecamers, which consist of two FtsH hexamers in a single detergent micelle. The striking tilted conformation of the cytosolic domain in the FtsH dodecamer visualized by negative stain TEM suggests a lateral substrate entrance between the membrane and cytosolic domain. Such a substrate path was then resolved in the cryo-EM structure of the FtsH hexamer. By mapping the available structural information and structure predictions for the transmembrane helices to the amino acid sequence we identified a linker of ~20 residues between the second transmembrane helix and the cytosolic domain. This unique polypeptide appears to be highly flexible and turned out to be essential for proper functioning of FtsH as its deletion fully eliminated the proteolytic activity of FtsH.BN/Marie-Eve Aubin-Tam LabBN/Liedewij Laan La
Structural Analysis of the Spinach Rubisco Activase AAA+ Domain by Negative Stain Electron Microscopy
No full textabstract: Higher plant Rubisco activase (Rca) is a stromal ATPase responsible for reactivating Rubisco. It is a member of the AAA+ protein superfamily and is thought to assemble into closed-ring hexamers like other AAA+ proteins belonging to the classic clade. Progress towards modeling the interaction between Rca and Rubisco has been slow due to limited structural information on Rca. Previous efforts in the lab were directed towards solving the structure of spinach short-form Rca using X-ray crystallography, given that it had notably high thermostability in the presence of ATP-γS, an ATP analog. However, due to disorder within the crystal lattice, an atomic resolution structure could not be obtained, prompting us to move to negative stain electron microscopy (EM), with our long-term goal being the use of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) for atomic resolution structure determination. Thus far, we have screened different Rca constructs in the presence of ATP-γS, both the full-length β-isoform and truncations containing only the AAA+ domain. Images collected on preparations of the full-length protein were amorphous, whereas images of the AAA+ domain showed well-defined ring-like assemblies under some conditions. Procedural adjustments, such as the use of previously frozen protein samples, rapid dilution, and minimizing thawing time were shown to improve complex assembly. The presence of Mn2+ was also found to improve hexamer formation over Mg2+. Calculated class averages of the AAA+ Rca construct in the presence of ATP-γS indicated a lack of homogeneity in the assemblies, showing both symmetric and asymmetric hexameric rings. To improve structural homogeneity, we tested buffer conditions containing either ADP alone or different ratios of ATP-γS to ADP, though results did not show a significant improvement in homogeneity. Multiple AAA+ domain preparations were evaluated. Because uniform protein assembly is a major requirement for structure solution by cryo-EM, more work needs to be done on screening biochemical conditions to optimize homogeneity
Tetrameric architecture of an active phenol-bound form of the AAA<sup>+</sup> transcriptional regulator DmpR
No full textThe Pseudomonas putida phenol-responsive regulator DmpR is a bacterial enhancer binding protein (bEBP) from the AAA+ ATPase family. Even though it was discovered more than two decades ago and has been widely used for aromatic hydrocarbon sensing, the activation mechanism of DmpR has remained elusive. Here, we show that phenol-bound DmpR forms a tetramer composed of two head-to-head dimers in a head-to-tail arrangement. The DmpR-phenol complex exhibits altered conformations within the C-termini of the sensory domains and shows an asymmetric orientation and angle in its coiled-coil linkers. The structural changes within the phenol binding sites and the downstream ATPase domains suggest that the effector binding signal is propagated through the coiled-coil helixes. The tetrameric DmpR-phenol complex interacts with the σ54 subunit of RNA polymerase in presence of an ATP analogue, indicating that DmpR-like bEBPs tetramers utilize a mechanistic mode distinct from that of hexameric AAA+ ATPases to activate σ54-dependent transcription.BN/Chirlmin Joo La
The complete chloroplast DNA sequence of eleven grape cultivars. simultaneous resequencing methodology
No full textAims: The chloroplast DNA sequence of eight Georgian grape cultivars (Rkatsiteli, Saperavi, Meskhuri Mtsvane, Chkhaveri, Aladasturi, Krakhuna, Tsitska, Tsolikouri) and three French cultivars (Chardonnay, Gouais Blanc, Chasselas), belonging to four different haplogroups (AAA, ATT, ATA, GTA), was determined by Illumina resequencing of genomic DNA. The chloroplast DNA sequence of the Maxxa cultivar was used as reference.
Methods and results: The comparison of sequenced chloroplast DNA gave 100 % identity to Chardonnay and Gouais Blanc, differing from Meskhuri Mtsvane by two insertions/deletions (indels) (all ATA haplogroup). The difference between Chasselas and Saperavi was a single insertion (both ATT haplogroup), while Maxxa, Chkhaveri, Aladasturi, Krakhuna, Tsitska and Tsolikouri were all identical (all members of the GTA haplogroup). Forty-seven identical single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the AAA, ATA and ATT haplogroups in comparison to the reference DNA. Additionally, 18 SNPs were detected for the ATT haplogroup, 4 for AAA, 6 for ATA and 11 for both AAA and ATA. The phylogenetic results show that the ATT, AAA and ATA haplogroups are more closely related to each other than to the GTA haplogroup.
Conclusion: In the sequencing data of grape genomic DNA at the coverage (read depth) of chromosomal DNA 30-40, the coverage of chloroplast DNA reaches several thousand reads per bp due to the high number of chloroplast DNA copies in genomic DNA, much higher than necessary for resequencing. Based on these data, a new methodology of simultaneous resequencing of large number of chloroplast DNA was developed without preliminary chloroplast isolation or chloroplast enrichment.
Significance and impact of the study: This method has great potential for expanding both phylogenetic and population genetic information on the evolution of domesticated crops
Avaliação em médio prazo da pressão intra-saco após correção endovascular de aneurisma de aorta abdominal com o uso de sensor sem fio
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas.Justificativa: O objetivo do tratamento endovascular do aneurisma de aorta abdominal é a exclusão do saco aneurismático da circulação sistêmica. Para acompanhar a eficácia do tratamento é necessária a realização de angiotomografias seriadas. A monitorização continuada da pressão poderia diagnosticar precocemente casos em que esteja ocorrendo falha desse tratamento, auxiliando ou substituindo a tomografia. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia em médio prazo da medida de pressão através de sensor sem fio implantado no saco aneurismático após tratamento endovascular de aneurisma de aorta abdominal (AAA). Desenho do Estudo: Quarenta pacientes submetidos a tratamento endovascular de aneurisma de aorta abdominal receberam implante de sensor sem fio para monitorização em médio prazo da pressão intra-saco. Os dados foram analisados no primeiro, sexto, décimo segundo meses e anualmente. A cada análise, uma angiotomografia informava o diâmetro do aneurisma, presença e tipo de vazamento. A pressão arterial sistêmica assim como todos os dados pressóricos obtidos através do sensor foram coletados. Resultados: No seguimento, dos 40 sensores implantados apenas em dois o sinal não pode ser detectado. A pressão de pulso obtida apresentou boa sensibilidade em afastar a presença de vazamento quando inferior a 25mmHg no primeiro ano. Após esse período, o Índice de Endotensão mostra-se como a variável que mais se aproxima dos dados tomográficos. Na presença de vazamantos tipo I ou III, o sensor é capaz de identificar sucesso ou falha após a correção do vazamento. Até o segundo ano de seguimento, resultados apresentados pelo sensor são concordantes com dados tomográficos, a partir daí, perdem acurácia. Conclusão: Na amostra estudada não foi possível obter sensibilidade suficiente para substituir a realização da tomografia no acompanhamento dos AAA tratados por técnica endovascular. Um maior número de pacientes é necessário para estabelecer o verdadeiro papel da monitorização pressórica sem fio no seguimento do tratamento endovascular do aneurisma de aorta abdominal.Racional: The objective of endovascular treatment of an abdo-minal aortic aneurysm is to exclude the aneurysm sac from systemic circulation. In order to assess treatment effectiveness it is necessary to perform serial computed tomography (CT). Continued pressure moni-toring could provide an early diagnosis of cases in which this treatment is failing, helping or replacing CT. Objective: Evaluation of medium-term effectiveness of pressure measurement using a wireless sensor implanted in the aneurysm sac after endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Method: Forty patients undergoing endovascular treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm had a wireless sensor implanted for medium-term monitoring of intrasac pressure. The data were analyzed in the first, sixth and twelfth month and annually. At each analysis, a CT scan in-formed the aneurysm diameter, presence and risk of endoleaks. System-ic arterial pressure was collected, as well as all pressure data obtained through the sensor. Results: Of the 40 sensors implanted, the signal could not be de-tected only in two. The pulse pressure obtained presented good sensitivi-ty to rule out the presence of leakage when it was less than 25mmHg during the first year. After this period, the Endotension Index is the variable that comes closest to the CT scan data. With type I or III endo-leaks, the sensor can identify success or failure after endoleak repair. Until the second year of follow up, the results presented by the sensor agree with CT data, and then become less accurate. Conclusions: In the sample studied sufficient sensitivity could not be achieved to replace the CT when following AAA treated by the en-dovascular technique. A larger number of patients is needed to deter-mine the true role of wireless pressure monitoring when following en-dovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Analisis Evaluasi Penatausahaan Barang Milik Daerah (Studi Pada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Pegunungan Bintang)
No full textThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the management of Government Fixed Assets in Pegunungan Bintang Regency. The analysis technique used in this study was descriptive analysis. The paper described the Analysis of Regional Property Administration Evaluation in the Pegunungan Bintang District Government. The data was shown in tables with numbers and percentages to be analyzed further with descriptive analysis. In analyzing research data the author uses qualitative descriptive analysis, also known as content analysis. The results of the study showed that the administration of regional fixed assets in terms of recording the assets, The Financial and Asset Management Agency (BPKAD) in Pegunungan Bintang Regency has carried out the bookkeeping. This comprises of process of recording regional fixed assets in lists of its users, the inventory cards, and in the database of regional’s fixed assets. Before recording the assets, at first, Asset have been identified into its classification based on the type and codes of regional fixed assets. Thus, in general, it can be concluded that the implementation of accounting in the administration of fixed assets in The Financial and Asset Management Agency of Pegunungan Bintang Regency has been well implemented. Evaluation of administration of regional fixed assets to the inventory on The Financial and Asset Management Agency in Pegunungan Bintang Regency has been carried out in accordance with mandated regulations. This can be seen from the evidence of inventory execution such as the existence of recording documents, the Database of Inventory, and documented in Inventories Books. In addition, there are reporting documents such as List of Inventory Recapitulation and List of inventory Mutations. Evaluation of administration of regional fixed assets in terms of reporting to The Financial and Asset Management Agency in Pegunungan Bintang Regency is carried out in stages based on information contained in the list of assets keepers and a list of the authority of its users and keepers. Authorities of fixed assets users have to submit assets User Reports every semester, yearly, and 5 years to assets keepers
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