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Green-synthesized Co@VHE nanocatalyst from Verbascum insulare for enhanced hydrogen generation and biological applications
No full textIn this study, a novel multifunctional material was synthesized by decorating the hydrothermal extract obtained from Verbascum insulare Boiss. & Heldr (VHE) with metallic cobalt nanoclusters (Co@VHE) via in situ reduction using sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The material was first evaluated for its biological activity, including antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. While VHE exhibited antifungal activity only against Y. lipolytica, Co@VHE demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, with the highest zone of inhibition against B. subtilis (26.67 ± 1.16 mm). Co@VHE also exhibited superior antioxidant capacity, showing the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50: 4.30). LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of quinic acid and protocatechuic acid in Vrb-1, along with 17 phenolic compounds in VHE. Additionally, Co@VHE's catalytic performance was evaluated for hydrogen generation through sodium borohydride (NaBH4) hydrolysis. Under optimal conditions (7.5 % NaOH, 15 mg catalyst, 3 % NaBH4), a successful hydrogen generation rate of 36,624 mL g−1 min−1 was achieved. Kinetic and reusability studies further demonstrated the material's high efficiency, moderate activation energy (55 kJ mol−1), and excellent stability over six cycles. Comparative analysis revealed that Co@VHE outperformed several previously reported synthetic cobalt-based catalysts. This work not only introduces V. insulare extract as an effective and eco-friendly catalyst support for the first time, but also highlights its multifunctional potential in both biomedical and energy applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Impact of exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields prior to application of X-rays on the viability of cancerous and healthy cells
No full textThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of exposing healthy and cancerous cells to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) before the application of ionized X-rays on the viability of the cells. The study was performed on a cancerous (U2OS, osteosarcoma) and a healthy (L-929, fibroblast) cell line. Cells were subjected to different treatment conditions such as 0.6 mT (mT) EMF (EMF1), 1.1 mT EMF (EMF2), 60 kV-X ray (X-ray), EMF1+X-ray (0.6 mT EMF applied before X-ray) and EMF2+X-ray (1.1 mT EMF applied before X-ray). The effects of these applications on cell viability were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Our findings showed that pre-exposure to ELF-EMF significantly increased in cell viability of both cell lines compared to X-ray alone (p < 0.05). However, it was observed that the cell viability percentage of L-929 cells was higher compared to U2OS cells in EMF1, X-ray and EMF2+X-ray groups (p < 0.05). The outcomes of this study suggest a potential protective effect, as indicated by increased resistance to ionizing X-rays in U2OS and L-929 cells pre-exposed to ELF-EMF radiation
Impact of hydrogen-rich-oxygenated ethyl acetate usage as a dual fuel in diesel engines on combustion stability and exhaust emissions under varying EGR rates
No full textDiesel engines, due to their reliance on petroleum-derived fuels for power generation, not only emit high levels of nitrogen oxides and smoke but also contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions that drive climate change. Therefore, the use of alternative fuels has become essential to reduce dependency on petroleum-based fuels in these engines. Oxygenated fuels can be effective in minimizing emissions. In this study, ethyl acetate-which is rich in hydrogen and oxygen and considered a potential hydrogen carrier-is used in dual-fuel mode to improve combustion performance and reduce exhaust emissions. Experimentally, the effects of different exhaust gas recirculation rates and injection durations on the combustion and emission characteristics of a compression-ignition engine operating in a diesel-ethyl acetate dual-fuel mode are investigated. The exhaust gas recirculation rates vary as 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 20 %, while the ethyl acetate injection duration changes as 1 ms, 2 ms, and 3 ms. Additionally, experiments are conducted at different engine loads (5 kg, 10 kg, 15 kg, and 20 kg) and a constant engine speed of 1800 rpm. The results indicate that increasing the ethyl acetate injection duration reduces the maximum pressure at low loads but increases it at high loads. Moreover, the use of ethyl acetate increases the ignition delay by approximately 11 % and raises the cycle-to-cycle variation to around 23 %. Regarding emissions, increases in injection duration and exhaust gas recirculation rate reduce nitrogen oxides emissions by an average of approximately 39 % and smoke emissions by an average of around 75 %
Arazi Kullaniminin Cografi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ile Haritalanmasi ve Analizi: Van Sehri Örnegi
No full textBu çalismada, Van merkez ilçeleri ve bunlarin sehir merkezi ile yakin çevresinin alindigi arazi kullanim durumunun analizi amaçlanmistir. Çalismada Cografi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ile Corin haritalarinin manuel çizimi ve sayisallastirma yöntemiyle bazi haritalar olusturulurken, diger bazi haritalar ise uzaktan algilama ve kontrollü siniflandirma metoduyla yapilmistir. Van sehrinin ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel yönleriyle gelismesi ilin kirsal yerlesmelerinden ve çevre illerden göç almasina neden olmustur. Bu durum arazi kullanimini etkilemistir. Sehirde, 1990, 2010 ve 2024 yillarindaki arazi kullaniminda degisme oldugu görülmüs ve en önemli degisimin tarim arazileri, çiplak alan ve yerlesme alanlarinda oldugu gözlemlenmistir. 1990 yilinda sehir merkezinde tarim alani (%72), yerlesim alani (%11) iken 2024 yilinda tarim alani (%62)’ye düsmüs, yerlesim alani ise (%27)’ye yükselmistir. Yerlesmelerin daha çok ovada kurulmasi tarimsal arazilerin yok olmasina neden olmakta ve yapilasmaya uygun olmayan ovada depremden kaynakli riskleri arttirmaktadir. 2011 yilinda yasanan Van Depremi’nden sonra yeni yerlesim yerleri TOKI konut uygulamalariyla daha çok çiplak alan niteliginde olan ve daha saglam olan arazilere kaydirilmistir. Ancak depremin unutulmasiyla birlikte tekrar ovadaki tarim arazileri üzerinde yapilasma hiz kazanmistir. Bu arastirma arazi kullaniminda yasanan birtakim sorunlarin irdelenmesi ve yapilasmaya uygun olmayan arazilerin amaci disinda kullanilmasinin gelecekte sorunlari daha da büyütebileceginin vurgulanmasi bakimindan önemlidir
Novel 1-morpholine-3-substituted triazol-5-ones: Synthesis and multi-biological evaluation on HepG2 and U87 cells with SAR and DFT studies
No full textThe biologically active novel 1-morpholine-3-substitue-4-(4-phenylacetoxybenzylidenamino)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-ones 4(a-f) were successfully synthesized and structurally characterized by 1H /13C NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Concentration ranges of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL were applied to determine the anti-cancer properties of compund. Significant results were obtained against the human hepatoma cells HepG2 and human glioblastoma cell line U87. Antioxidant activities were assessed in vitro using DPPH radical scavenging and metal chelation assays and it was seen that compounds 4(a-f) had metal chelating properties. Furthermore, the enzyme inhibitory effect of compounds on α-amylase (α-Amy), α-glucosidase (α-Gly), glutathione S-transferase (GST), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes were studied. IC50 values were calculated in different ranges. The antimicrobial properties were investigated using the Agar-well diffusion technique. The compounds had antimicrobial activity against 5 bacteria except Escherichia coli, and especially the inhibition zone diameter of compound 4e against Bacillus cereus was found to be the highest with a measurement of 24 mm. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) calculations and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analyses were performed to provide insights into the molecular properties and biological activities of the synthesized Mannich bases. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Investigation of the Effect of Harmonics Caused by Transformer-Induced Nonlinear Loads on Electrical Energy
Get PDFIn this study, distribution transformers in the Mugs Alparslan University campus are analyzed in order to minimize energy losses due to harmonics in the electrical network. Current and voltage harmonics, which are the power quality problems of these transformers, are analyzed. The power quality of different transformers in Mugs Alparslan University was measured with a Chauvin Arnoux CA:8331 energy analyzer. Three-phase nonlinear load models were created using current harmonic values in the Matlab/Simulink environment. A parallel active power filter is designed in the Matlab/Simulink environment to eliminate current harmonics. The performance of the parallel active power filter is analyzed for each transformer. As a result, the total harmonic distortion (THDI) ratio for the current decreased from 6.78% to 1.38% in fast Fourier transform analyses after the parallel active power filter was activated in the first transformer. Similarly, the THDI ratio decreased from 5.1% to 2.19% in the second transformer, from 4.5% to 1.39% in the third transformer, and from 5.63% to 1.36% in the fourth transformer
The Development of Violence Research in Psychiatric Nursing: A Bibliometric Perspective
Get PDFBackgroundThere is a growing emphasis on violence-related research in psychiatric nursing, with an annual increase rate of 2.12% in publications and the highest number of publications occurring in 2024. This trend underscores the escalating importance of addressing violence in mental health settings.AimThis study aims to demonstrate the quantitative and qualitative features of violence publications in the field of psychiatric nursing from a bibliometric perspective. Web of Science was used during the research.MethodsThis study employed bibliometric analysis, a methodological approach for delineating the scope of information and assessing productivity within a specific domain. The data were searched with the keyword combination 'violence and psychiatric nursing', including studies published until December 2024, the study date, without a time limit.ResultsIn this study, 464 violence research/reviews in the field of nursing were identified between 2001 and 2025, and the research was completed with 438 violence studies in line with the exclusion criteria. 1493 authors wrote 390 research and 48 review/systematic review articles, with an average of 22.14 citations for each publication. Most were published in 2024.DiscussionThere is an apparent increase in the involvement of psychiatric nurses in studies pertaining to violence. It is proposed that nursing professionals should undertake further research to investigate violence processes and develop ethically sound approaches to patients and healthy individuals, taking into account biopsychosocial factors.Implications for PracticeThese findings collectively suggest that while progress is being made in understanding and addressing violence in psychiatric nursing, there remains a critical need for ongoing research, policy development and practical interventions to ensure the safety and well-being of both nurses and patients in mental health settings
Ionospheric response to the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake: evaluation of a novel histogram-based metric
No full textIn this study, we investigated the effectiveness of a new metric for determining ionospheric perturbations before and on the day of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (EQ), the longest EQ recorded in modern history. For this purpose, we used the SlantTotal Electron Content (TEC) (STEC) values from the SAMP station, the closest International GNSS System (IGS) station to the epicenter. The trend was estimated using the Least Squares Polynomial Fitting (LSPF) method, and the residual time series were transformed into histogram vectors. Additionally, the Sliding Window Interquartile Range (SW-IQR) method was applied to better characterize local TEC anomalies. A new metric (M-metric) based on these histogram vectors was proposed. EQ-related ionospheric anomalies were compared using both metrics for the same Pseudo Random Noise (PRNs) on the day of the EQ and one day before. With the M-metric, significant perturbations were detected on the EQ day, following the EQ time, at PRN-13 and PRN-23, in line with the literature. According to the Differential Rate of TEC (DROT) method, medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (TID) were observed at PRN-3 and PRN-23 on the EQ day, while large-scale TID (LSTID) were detected at PRN-11, PRN-13, and PRN-20. One day before the EQ, LSTID occurred at PRN-11 and middle-scale TID (MSTID) occurred at PRN-20. However, as noted in the literature, no significant perturbation was observed on either the day of the EQ or the day before, especially at PRN-11. In conclusion, the new metric, in combination with SW-IQR, successfully detected ionospheric perturbations from this EQ, demonstrating improved (c) 2025 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies
MULTIPLICATIVE ORDER CONTINUOUS OPERATORS ON RIESZ ALGEBRAS
Get PDFIn this paper, we investigate operators on Riesz algebras, which are continuous with respect to multiplicative modifications of order convergence and relatively uniform convergence. We also introduce and study mo-Lebesgue, mo-KB, and mo-Levi operators.State Task to the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics [FWNF2022-0004]. The research of the second author was carried out in the framework of the State Task to the Sobolev Institute of Mathematics (Project FWNF-2022-0004)
When death is a wedding night: a comparison of Sufi, mainstream Muslim, and atheist reactions to mortality salience
Get PDFThe primary purpose of this study was to test the main claims of terror management theory through an alternative cultural worldview by focusing on Sufism, in which death is seen as a desired state for meeting God (Vuslat). Sufism is a mystical and spiritual dimension of Islam, emphasizing the inner search for a direct experience of the Divine through practices such as meditation, devotion, and worship. For this purpose, data were collected from a total of 181 participants, 60 of whom were mainstream Muslims, 60 of whom were atheists, and 61 of whom were Sufis. According to the results of a 2 (condition: mortality salience [MS] vs. dental pain) x 3 (groups: mainstream Muslim, Sufi, atheist) between-subject ANCOVA, MS led to an increase in the level of worldview defense in mainstream Muslims. However, while the level of worldview defense remained unchanged in atheists, it decreased in Sufis after MS. Additionally, in-group identification significantly moderated the effect of MS on worldview defense for mainstream Muslims and atheists; no significant moderation was observed for Sufis. A content analysis of the answers of the participants after MS revealed that positive emotions were more common in Sufis' answers, whereas negative emotions in mainstream Muslims and no emotions in atheists dominated the answers. Sufism, in which the emotional and behavioral dimensions of religiosity predominate, seemed to buffer the sense of terror. The findings highlight the importance of focusing on different religious and cultural lifestyles, such as Sufism, when studying the management of terror.Mus Alparslan UniversityWe thank Dr. Tara Ingman for English editing the manuscript