16 research outputs found
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diarrhea among Under-Five Children in Laelay-Maychew District, Tigray Region, Ethiopia
No full textIntroduction: Acute diarrheal diseases are the leading cause of preventable death, especially
among children under-five in developing countries. Worldwide and nationwide (Ethiopia)
diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in under-five year children only to
pneumonia.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude and associated factors of
under-five diarrhea in Laelay-Maychew district.
Methods: A community based Cross sectional study was conducted from February 01- February
15, 2015. A two stage stratified sampling method was done to select the eligible households.
Data was collected by trained data collectors using standard questionnaire and observational
check list tested previously which was prepared based on EDHS and WHO core questionnaires
related to diarrhea. Data was entered in to a computer using Epi Info 3.5.3 software and exported
to SPSS V.21 statistical software for further analysis. Binary Logistic regression analysis was
used to determine OR and 95% CI. Variables with p-value <0.2 in the bivariate analysis were
entered in to multivariate analysis and with p-value <0.05 in the final model were considered as
significant.
Result: The two weeks period magnitude of diarrhea among under-five children was 17.7% with
95% CI (14.5-20.8) which was associated with children being rural residence [AOR: 1.52, 95%
CI(1.26,4.87)], female child [AOR: 3.85, 95% CI(1.8,8.22)], education of mothers [AOR: 0.02,
95% CI(0.01,0.12)], households with improved water source [AOR: 0.18, 95% CI(0.02,0.39)],
households with ≤20L per capita per day water consumption [AOR: 1.53, 95% CI(1.12,1.97)],
and mothers who wash their hand with water and soap/ash [AOR: 0.52, 95% CI(0.24,0.42)].
Conclusion and recommendation: The two weeks period magnitude of acute under-five
diarrhea was relatively high and residence, educational status of the mothers, water source of
the households, per capita water consumption of the households, and hand washing methods
of the mothers/care takers were significant predictors. So, Females’ education at least to
complete primary school, constructing improved water source and giving HE to the community
about hand washing methods to use soap at recommended times were recommended
Determinants of pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia among women attending delivery Services in Selected Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case control study
No full textAbstract Background Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder usually occurs after 20 weeks of gestation. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Ethiopia, the major direct obstetric complications including pre-eclampsia/eclampsia account for 85% of the maternal deaths. Unlike deaths due to other direct causes, pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia related deaths appear to be increasing and linked to multiple factors, making prevention of the disease a continuous challenge. The aim of this study is to assess determinants of pre-eclampsia/eclampsiaamong women attending delivery services in selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods Hospital based unmatched case control study design was employed. The study wasconducted in Addis Ababa among women attending delivery services in two public hospitals from December, 2015 G.C. to February, 2016 G.C. with sample size of 291 (97 cases and 194 controls). Women with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia were cases and women who had not diagnosed for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia were controls. Case-control incidence density sampling followed by interviewer administered was conducted using pretested questionnaire. The data was entered in Epi Info 7 software and exported to STATA 14 for cleaning and analysis. Descriptive statistics were used todisplay the data using tables compared between cases and controls. To compare categorical variables between cases and controls Chi-squared testwas used. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to identify the determinants of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Results Factors that were found to have statistically significant association with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia were primigravida (AOR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.38, 5.22), history of preeclampsia on prior pregnancy (AOR: 4.28, 95% CI: 1.61, 11.43), multiple pregnancy (AOR: 8.22, 95% CI: 2.97, 22.78), receiving nutritional counseling during pregnancy (AOR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.48) and drinking alcohol during pregnancy (AOR: 3.97, 95% CI: 1.8, 8.75). Conclusions The study identified protective and risk factors for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. To promptly diagnose and treat pre-eclampsia, health workers should give special attention to women with primigravida and multiple pregnancy. Besides, health care providers should provide nutritional counseling during ANC, including avoiding drinking alcohol during their pregnancy
Determinants of pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia among women attending delivery Services in Selected Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a case control study
No full textEffect of late HIV diagnosis on HIV-related mortality among adults in general hospitals of Central Zone Tigray, northern Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study
No full textHadera Belay,1 Fessahaye Alemseged,2 Teklit Angesom,1 Solomon Hintsa,1 Mebrahtu Abay1 1Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia; 2Department of Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia Background: The global incidence of HIV infection is not significantly decreasing, especially in sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. Though there is availability and accessibility of free HIV services, people are not being diagnosed early for HIV, and hence patients are still dying of HIV-related causes. This research is aimed at verifying the effect of late diagnosis of HIV on HIV-related mortality in Central Zone Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study among adult (≥15 years old) HIV patients in three general hospitals of Tigray was conducted. Record reviews were carried out retrospectively from 2010 to 2015. Sample size was determined using stpower Cox in Stata software. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 software and transferred to Stata version 12 for analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable analyses were performed using Cox regression model to compare the HIV-related mortality of exposed (cluster of differentiation 4 cells count <350 cells/mm3) and nonexposed (≥350 cells/mm3) patients using adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) at 95% confidence interval (CI). Result: In all, 638 HIV patients were analyzed, contributing 2,105.6 person-years. Forty-eight (7.5%) patients died of HIV-related causes with a mortality rate of 2.28 per 100 person-years. In the multivariable Cox regression model, patients with late diagnosis of HIV had a higher risk of mortality (AHR =3.22, 95% CI: 1.17–8.82) than patients with early diagnosis of HIV. Rural residence (AHR =1.96, 95% CI: 1.05–3.68), unemployment (AHR =2.70, 95% CI: 1.03–7.08), bedridden patients (AHR =2.98, 95% CI: 1.45–6.13), ambulatory patients (AHR =2.54, 95% CI: 1.05–6.15), and baseline hemoglobin level of <11 mg/dL (AHR =3.06, 95% CI: 1.51–6.23) were other independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion and recommendations: Late diagnosis of HIV increased HIV-related mortality. Rural residence, unemployment, bedridden and ambulatory patients, and baseline hemoglobin level <11 mg/dL were also independent predictors of HIV-related mortality. Keywords: HIV, early/late diagnosis, CD4 cell count, HIV-related mortality, Tigray, Ethiopi
Effect of late HIV diagnosis on HIV-related mortality among adults in general hospitals of Central Zone Tigray, northern Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study
No full textDeterminants of diabetic nephropathy in Ayder Referral Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: A case-control study.
No full textBackgroundDiabetic nephropathy is the most serious complication of diabetes which leads to end-stage renal failure and other complication of diabetes mellitus. Determinants of Diabetic nephropathy are not consistent in different studies and associated factors to chronic complications of diabetes are not specific and there are limited studies specific to diabetic nephropathy. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify determinants of diabetic nephropathy in Ayder Referral Hospital, Northern Ethiopia.MethodsA case-control study was conducted from February 14 to May 8 2016. Diabetic patients who developed nephropathy in the last two years were the cases and diabetic patients free of nephropathy were controls. Cases and controls were identified detailed review of the chronic care follow up chart. Then simple random sampling was used to select sample of 420 (with control to case ratio of 4:1) resulting in 84 cases and 336 controls. Record review and interviewer administered questionnaire were used to collect data. Data was coded and entered in to Epi-Data version 3.1 and then exported to STATA 12 for analysis. Variables with P-valuesResultThe mean age (±Standard deviation) for the cases and the controls were 52(SD: ±1.34) and 42.4(SD: ±0.8) respectively. In multiple logistic regressions age of patient (AOR: 1.037 95%CI: 1.01-1.064), duration of diabetes after diagnosis (AOR for one year increase: 1.09 95%CI: 1.036-1.15), not-adhered to blood glucose measurement at home (AOR: 6.81 95%CI: 1.15-40.24), having Systolic Hypertension (AOR;2.13 (1.002-4.51), poor glycemic control (AOR;2.71 95%CI: (1.49-4.95), being overweight(AOR;2.7(1.47-4.96) were the independent predictors of diabetic nephropathy.ConclusionIn the light of these findings, targeted interventions should be designed at the follow up clinic to address the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy among the risk groups
Abundant resources in an era of scarcity: Systemic aspects of the Global sand and gravel crisis
No full textSand and gravel are foundational to global development, but their unsustainable extraction is fueling ecological degradation, jeopardizing sustainability targets. This study combines extraction practices with substitution initiatives from literature, exposing significant systemic disparities in overcoming technical and scalability challenges with current sustainability and management approaches. In 2018, aggregate’s global production totaled 33.7 ± 1.3 billion tons, with 63 % sourced from crushed rock in consolidated deposits. Substitution efforts are largely driven by circular economy principles and waste management, with local scarcity playing a secondary role. The illusory abundance masks systemic constraints posed by: (i) urbanization and land-use conflicts, (ii) stringent material specifications and (iii) fragmented supply networks. Moreover, geospatial disparities in extraction intensity and end-use patterns further complicate accountability across management scales. This study highlights systemic gaps in tracking, prioritization, and policy integration, and calls for quality-based, cross-scalar metrics to inform equitable and resilient resource governance.This work was supported by the Center for Absolute Sustainability at the Danish Technical University; Horizon Europe’s Research and Innovation call HORIZONsingle bondCL5–2021-D1–01, Grant agreement number 101056862, CO2NSTRUCT project; European Union’s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement no101096437. Blades2Build project; Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEIG/2022/44). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible
Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full textInternational audienc
Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
No full text
