930,342 research outputs found
Impact of 18F-FDG PET/CT, CT and EBUS/TBNA on preoperative mediastinal nodal staging of NSCLC.
No full textBackground: Staging of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a multidisciplinary process involving imaging, endoscopic and surgical techniques. This study aims at investigating the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT, CT scan, and endobronchial ultrasound/transbronchial needle aspirate (EBUS/TBNA) in preoperative mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) staging of NSCLC.
Methods: We identified all patients who were diagnosed with NSCLC at the King Hussein Cancer Center in Amman, Jordan, between July 2011 and December 2017. We collected their relevant clinical, radiological, and histopathological findings. The per-patient analysis was performed on all patients (N = 101) and then on those with histopathological confirmation (N = 57), followed by a per-lymph-node-station basis overall, and then according to distinct N-stage categories.
Results: 18F-FDG PET/CT, in comparison to CT, had a better sensitivity (90.5% vs. 75%, p = 0.04) overall and in patients with histopathological confirmation (83.3% vs. 54.6%), and better specificity (60.5% vs. 43.6%, p = 0.01) overall and in patients with histopathological confirmation in MLN staging (60.6% vs. 38.2%). Negative predictive value of mediastinoscopy, EBUS/TBNA, and 18F-FDG PET/CT were (87.1%), (90.91%), and (83.33%) respectively. The overall accuracy was highest for mediastinoscopy (88.6%) and EBUS/TBNA (88.2%), followed by 18F-FDG PET/CT (70.2%). Dividing patients into N1 disease vs. those with N2/N3 disease yielded similar findings. Comparison between 18F-FDG PET/CT and EBUS/TBNA in patients with histopathological confirmation shows 28 correlated true positive and true negative findings with final N-staging. In four patients, 18F-FDG PET/CT detected metastatic MLNs that would have otherwise remained undiscovered by EBUS/TBNA alone. Lymph nodes with a maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) more than 3 were significantly more likely to be true-positive.
Conclusion: Multimodality staging of the MLNs in NSCLC is essential to provide accurate staging and the appropriate treatment. 18F-FDG PET/CT has better overall diagnostic utility when compared to the CT scan. The NPV of 18F-FDG PET/CT in MLNs is reliable and comparable to the NPV of EBUS/TBNA. SUVmax of MLNs can help in predicting metastases, but nevertheless, a positive 18F-FDG PET/CT MLNs particularly if such a result would change the treatment plan, should be verified histopathologically
Study the effects of glutathione (GSH) on blood glucose level in diabetic male mice
No full textInvestigated effects of daily injections intra venially (IV) of glutathione (GSH) (11.37 mg/mice)forthe periods 10 and 20 days,for healthy mice and diabetic male micecompared them with control group and diabetic non treated male mice, blood sugar was testedfor fasting mice, induced diabetic, to study the glutathione daily injections e3.ffects on the blood sugar level, total glutathione assay in different body organs and finally study the expression level of the glutathione redox system enzymes glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in pancreas, spleen, testis, and epididymus by the Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The experiment outcomes for the glutathione daily injection for the diabetic induced male mice high sugar level significantly decreased. Moreover, the oxidative stress in diabetic male mice leads to depletion of total glutathione level in body organs. Finally, Diabetes causes high oxidative stress in male mice which leads to increase expressions of antioxidants enzymes GR and GPx in pancreas, epididymus and testis
Pemaknaan Yatāmā dalam Al-Qur’an (Kajian Tafsir Al-Ibrīz Karya Bisri Mustofa)
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pemikiran K.H Bisri Mustofa dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat yatim melalui salah satu karyanya Tafsīr Al-Ibrīz Fī M‘arifah Tafsīr Al-Qur’a>n Al-‘azīz. Tafsir ini adalah tafsir lokal yang ditulis dengan menggunakan arab pegon Jawi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian library research. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian maud}hu’ī. Bisri mendefinisikan al-yatīm sebagai anak yang kehilangan bapaknya sebelum berusia baligh. Di samping itu, Bisri Mustofa sangat meyakini bahwa Islam merupakan agama kasih sayang yang saling mengasihi, terutama terhadap anak yatim, bahkan Allah memerintahkan kita untuk berhubungan baik dengan anak yatim seperti hubungan persaudaraan. Dalam menafsirkan ayat tentang yatim Bisri Mustofa menggunakan tingkatan bahasa jawa (unggah-ungguh) yakni: Krama Inggil (sangat halus), Krama (halus), Madya (biasa), Ngoko (kasar). Penggunaan kehalusan dan kekerasan diksinya bergantung pada pihak-pihak yang berdialog. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memudahkan pembaca untuk memahami dan mengungkapkan maksud ayat yang ditafsirkanya
Living benthic foraminifera around the unique Umm al Maradim Island (Kuwait)
No full textThe present investigation focuses on the unique Island of Umm al Maradim that represents the largest and southernmost coral island in Kuwait. Thirty-seven stations around the Island were sampled for living benthic foraminiferal analyses. Relatively high values of diversity for both total and living assemblages, 101 and 96 species, respectively, have been documented. These figures are sensibly higher than those documented in most of the previous studies around Kuwait territorial waters. Porcelaneous test in terms of abundance dominates the foraminiferal assemblages followed by hyaline tests and only a minor part of the assemblages was represented by agglutinated foraminifera. The high dominance of porcelaneous tests might be explained by the peculiar physiographic setting and the presence of coral reef around the Island. Very low foraminiferal abundances were associated with shallower environments, like the subtidal zone around the island, whereas higher values were found at deeper and more distal stations. Planispiral morphotypes were found dominant at the more shallow-proximal stations, while milioline morphotypes dominated at intermediate depth and trochospiral morphotypes were more abundant at greater water depth. This paper contributes towards the documentation of benthic foraminiferal diversity around the islands in the Kuwait territorial water
Salicylic acid increases photosynthesis of drought grown mustard plants effectively with sufficient-N via regulation of ethylene, abscisic acid, and nitrogen-use efficiency
No full textAn essential approach to reduce drought in plants is to maximize the use of most limited available resources. The increase in water-use efficiency (WUE) is important to maximally utilize the available water to increase photosynthesis and growth of plants under water-deficit stress. Both WUE and photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE), as the indices of resource-use efficiency were studied in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants grown under limited water conditions with low-N (100 mg N kg−1 soil) and sufficient-N (200 mg N kg−1 soil) and sprayed with 0 or 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA). Application of SA increased water potential, osmotic potential, WUE, and the incorporation of soil N into photosynthetic machinery by enhancing PNUE. It also increased photosynthesis of plants maximally by increasing stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration under water-deficit stress. This increase was greater in the presence of sufficient-N where 0.5 mM SA maximally enhanced the N metabolism, redox ratio that mitigated the oxidative stress. The application of SA on plants supplemented with N reduced ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis. It could be inferred that SA enhanced N utilization through increase in NUE when it is sufficiently available, increasing the GSH content to maintain redox ratio and inhibit ABA-mediated stomatal closure to enhance the resource utilization and photosynthesis. SA also enhanced glucose utilization which prevented glucose-mediated photosynthetic repression under stress. Thus, SA application may impart a potential management tool for increasing photosynthetic NUE, WUE, and photosynthesis under drought
C-peptide reverses TGF- 1-induced changes in renal proximal tubular cells: implications for treatment of diabetic nephropathy
No full textHills CE, Al-Rasheed N, Al-Rasheed N, Willars GB, Brunskill NJ. C-peptide reverses TGF-beta 1-induced changes in renal proximal tubular cells: implications for treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 296: F614-F621, 2009. First published December 17, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.90500.2008.-The crucial pathology underlying progressive chronic kidney disease in diabetes is tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Central to this process is epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of proximal tubular epithelial cells driven by maladaptive transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) signaling. Novel signaling roles for C-peptide have recently been discovered with evidence emerging that C-peptide may mitigate microvascular complications of diabetes. We studied the potential for C-peptide to interrupt injurious TGF-beta 1 signaling pathways and thus block development of EMT in HK2 human kidney proximal tubular cells. Cells were incubated with TGF-beta 1 either alone or with C-peptide in low or high glucose. Changes in cell morphology, TGF-beta 1 receptor expression, vimentin, E-cadherin, and phosphorylated Smads were assessed. Luciferase reporters were used to assess Smad activity. The cytoskeleton was visualized by TRITC-phalloidin staining. The typical TGF-beta 1-stimulated, EMT-associated morphological alterations of proximal tubular cells, including increased vimentin expression, decreased E-cadherin expression, and cytoskeletal rearrangements, were prevented by C-peptide treatment. C-peptide also blocked TGF-beta 1-induced upregulation of expression of both type I and type II TGF-beta 1 receptors and attenuated TGF-beta 1-mediated Smad phosphorylation and Smad transcriptional activity. These effects of c-peptide were inhibited by pertussis toxin. The results demonstrate that C-peptide almost completely reversed the morphological changes in PT cells induced by TGF-beta 1 and suggest a role or c-peptide as a renoprotective agent in diabetic nephropathy
KEABADIAN BAYA>N KALAMULLAH AL-BALAGHI (Dirasah Baya>niyah)
No full textIlmu Baya>n sebagai penggambaran imajinatif berbentuk Tashbi>h, maja>z, isti’a>rah dan kina>yah merupakan bagian terpenting dalam Ilmu Balaghah yang kemudian banyak menarik perhatian khalayak ketika ia dikaitkan langsung dengan ulumul Quran. Pun dalam memahami al-Qur’an kita mengenal beberapa instrument yang menggunakan Ilmu Baya>n sebagai lentera i’jaz. Seperti yang dikenal dengan Ilmu Badai’ al-Qur’an, Ilmu I’jaz al-Qur’an, ilmu Amtsal al-Qur’an, Ilmu Jidal al-Qur’an, Ilmu Semantik dan Stilistik al-Qur’an, ilmu teks al-Qur’an dll. Serta pengelompokkan i’ja>z yang terbagi menjadi beberapa jenis, diantaranya: I’ja>z Lughawi> (Baya>ni>, Balaghi>, Fanni>), Ilmi>, Ghaibi>, Tasyri>’i> dll. Secara umum kesemuanya memberi sebuah pemahaman tentang bagaimana keabadian al-Qur’an lewat Ilmu Baya>n mampu menciptakan kekuatan bahasa dari beragam sudut rasa agar sampai pada nadi kehidupan itu sendiri; baik di dunia maupun di akhirat
Austenite grain growth behavior of microalloyed Al-V-N and Al-V-Ti-N steels
No full textThe austenite grain growth behaviour of microalloyed Al–V–N and Al–V–Ti–N steels has been studied. Estimations of austenite grain size for Al–V–N steels by several different grain growth inhibition models demonstrated that the best match to experimental results can be obtained from Gladman and Rios equations and it is AlN that controls the austenite grain size. The experimental and calculated results indicated that the drag force of plate-shaped AlN particles probably depends on their orientation and austenitising temperature. A modified Gladman model, which considers the effects of complex arrays of different types of particles on the stabilized austenite grain size, can be used to predict the austenite grain size and particle size for an Al–V–Ti–N steel when the combined effect of AlN and TiN is considered
Rasheedia n. nom. (Nematoda, Physalopteridae) for Bulbocephalus Rasheed, 1966 (a homonym of Bulbocephalus Watson, 1916), with description of Rasheedia heptacanthi n. sp. and R. novaecaledoniensis n. sp. from perciform fishes off New Caledonia
No full textInternational audienceThe nematode genus Bulbocephalus Rasheed, 1966 (Nematoda, Physalopteridae) was found to be a homonym of Bulbocephalus Watson, 1916 (Apicomplexa) and, therefore, a new name, Rasheedia n. nom., is proposed to substitute it. Based on light and scanning electron microscope studies of specimens collected from the digestive tract of perciform fishes off New Caledonia, two new species of Rasheedia are described: R. heptacanthi n. sp. from the Cinnabar goatfish Parupeneus heptacanthus (Mullidae) (type host) and Dentex fourmanoiri (Sparidae), and R. novaecaledoniensis n. sp. from the Indian goatfish Parupeneus indicus (Mullidae). These new species are mainly characterized by the number of anterior protrusible oesophageal lobes (two in R. heptacanthi and four in R. novaecaledoniensis), structure of the oesophagus and the lengths of spicules. An amended diagnosis of Rasheedia and a key to species of this genus are provided. Three previously described congeneric species are transferred to Rasheedia as R. deblocki (Le-Van-Hoa, Pham-Ngoc-Khue & Nguyen-Thi-Lien, 1972) n. comb., R. inglisi (Rasheed, 1966) n. comb. and R. pseudupenei (Vassiliadès & Diaw, 1978) n. comb. Cestocephalus Rasheed, 1966 [genus inquirendum], including C. serratus Rasheed, 1966 and C. petterae (Le-Van-Hoa, Pham-Ngoc-Khue & Nguyen-Thi-Lien, 1972) n. comb., should be considered to be separate from Rasheedia. The names Pseudomazzia Bilqees, Ghazi & Haseeb, 2005 and P. macrolabiata Bilqees, Ghazi & Haseeb, 2005, established for a nematode somewhat resembling Rasheedia spp., should be considered nomina dubia. Rasheedia heptacanthi n. sp. and R. novaecaledoniensis n. sp. are the first representatives of the Physalopteridae recorded from fishes in New Caledonian waters
Sitagliptin attenuates cardiomyopathy by modulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in experimental diabetic rats
No full textNouf M Al-Rasheed,1 Nawal M Al-Rasheed,1,2 Iman H Hasan,1 Maha A Al-Amin,1 Hanaa N Al-Ajmi,1 Ayman M Mahmoud3 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt Abstract: Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, has been reported to promote cardioprotection in diabetic hearts by limiting hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. However, little is known about the involvement of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway modulation in the cardioprotective effects of sitagliptin. The current study aimed to investigate the protective effects of sitagliptin against diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), focusing on the modulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection, and rats received sitagliptin orally and daily for 90 days. Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and a significant increase in heart-to-body weight (HW/BW) ratio. Serum troponin I and creatine kinase MB, cardiac interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide levels showed significant increase in diabetic rats. In contrast, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defenses were significantly declined in the heart of diabetic rats. Histopathological study revealed degenerations, increased collagen deposition in the heart of diabetic rats. Sitagliptin alleviated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, HW/BW ratio, histological architecture, oxidative stress, and inflammation, and rejuvenated the antioxidant defenses. In addition, cardiac levels of pJAK2 and pSTAT3 were increased in diabetic rats, an effect which was remarkably decreased after sitagliptin treatment. In conclusion, these results confer an evidence that sitagliptin has great therapeutic potential on DCM through down-regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Keywords: diabetic cardiomyopathy, DPP-4 inhibitors, JAK/STAT, oxidative stress, inflammatio
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