71 research outputs found
HERMENEUTIKA OTENTISITAS HADIS M. MUSTOFA AZAMI
No full textThis article discusses Azami criticism to Ignaz Gholziher and Joseph Schacht. The author tries to integrate the relations of hermeneutics as a solution to solve the issues of Hadith authenticity, and its interconnected to psychology, that Azami position when criticizing the Orientalists, Joseph Schacht, based on the flow of his thought of isnaad. Then in reviewing hermeneutics, in general there are three dominant element is the relationship between (author), Text (text) and readers (reader). So the results of this analysis, the author is orientalist, Joseph Schacht Ignaz Goldziher. The Text is orientalist books, thoughts, opinions or their theories, in this case Joseph Schacht. The reader is referred Azami. The discovery of the authors that position Azami criticism included are the internal and external criticism, namely external criticism Azami focus lies in criticism of the Orientalists, he criticized Joseph from isnaad. And internal criticism, plays on historiography, he criticized the use of sciences related to hadith, such as ‘Ilm Tadwin al-Hadith, ‘Ilm Rijal al-Hadith, ‘Ilm Jarh wa ta\u27dil, Ulum al-Hadith, ‘Ilm al-Fiqh.Dalam tulisan ini dikaji Kritik Azami terhadap kedua orientalis yaitu Ignaz Gholziher dan Joseph Schacht. Penulis mencoba mengintegrasikan bagaimana hubungan hermeneutika sebagai solusi untuk memecahkan isu-isu otentisitas Hadis, dan aplikasi interkoneksinya seperti ilmu psikologi, bahwa posisi Azami ketika mengkritik terhadap orientalis yaitu Joseph, ia melihat berdasarkan alur pemikiran isnadnya. Kemudian dalam mengkaji hermeneutika, secara garis besar ada tiga unsur yang dominan yaitu hubungan antara (author), teks (text) dan pembaca (reader). Maka hasil dari analisis ini, author adalah orientalis yaitu Joseph Schacht, Ignaz Goldziher yang mana textnya adalah buku-buku orientalis, pemikiran, pendapat atau teori orientalis dalam hal ini Joseph Schacht, yang dimaksud reader adalah Azami. Penemuan penulis bahwa posisi kritik Azami termasuk berada dalam kritik internal dan eksternal, yaitu fokus kritik eksternal Azami terletak pada kritik terhadap orientalis, ia mengkritik Joseph dari isnadnya. Dan kritik internal, berposisi pada historiografi, ia mengkritik menggunakan ilmu-ilmu yang berkaitan dengan hadis, seperti ilmu tadwin al-hadis, ilmu rijalul hadis, ilmu jar wata’dil, Ilmu Hadis, ilmu Fiqih
Mendiskusikan Kembali Sistem Sanad: Antara Penalaran Mustafa Azami Dan Joseph Schacht
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Studi tentang “Sistem Sanad” bagi sebagian kalangan, mungkin bukan suatu kajian asing dalam diskursus pemikiran hukum Islam, sehubungan banyaknya informasi, kajian, dan karya terkait topik itu, baik pada tataran mondial maupun kawasan Nusantara. Namun bagi mereka yang haus akan keilmuan utamanya bagi penelitian dan pengembangan ilmu-ilmu keislaman, tampaknya akan terus mengkaji dan mendalaminya.
Diantara karya-karya monumental, mencuat dua tokoh pemikiran dua eksponen besar pemikir hukum Islam, yang banyak mengulas tentang sistem sanad, yaitu: Joseph Schacht dalam karyanya: The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudens, terbitan London: Oxford Press, tahun 1950, dan Mustafa Azami dalam karyanya: On Schacht Origin of Muhammadan Jurisprudence, Pakistan, Suhai Academy, terbit tahun 2004. Joseph Schacht seorang orientalis gaek berbangsa Yahudi, pemikir hukum Islam yang banyak melakukan kajian tentang sejarah pemikiran hukum Islam dengan analisis pendekatan sejarah. Sementara Musthafa al-‘Azami, lebih merefleksikan sosok Muslim oksidentalis, seorang Muslim saleh asal India Utara, mencoba mengkritisi karya Schacht tersebut dengan pendekatan doktriner, etik, disamping historis.
Kedua ilmuwan ini: Joseph Schacht dan Mustafa Azami, dari sudut pandang keilmuan memiliki keunggulan dan kekurangan masing-masing. Sebagai manusia, keduanya memiliki pendukung masing-masing. Para ahli yang terbiasa dengan pendekatan sejarah banyak yang mendukung pandangan Schacht, terlebih kaum orientalis Barat. Sebaliknya sarjana atau pun ulama-ulama Islam, yang pada umumnya memilih sistem sanad sebagai bagian dari ideologi, doktrin normatif (sistem kyakinan), serta etika keislaman yang kuat, memilih dan mendukung pemikiran Azami.
Kata Kunci: Sanad, Schacht, Azam
Kajian Hadis Mustafa Azami Sebagai Kerja Hermeneutika (Analisis Kajian Sanad dan Matan Hadis dalam Studies in Hadith Methodologi and Literature Karya Mustafa Azami)
Get PDFyang tak terelakkan dalam kajian hadis. Dari sini penting disadari bahwa hermeneutika bukan hal baru, apalagi “sesuatu” yang berbahaya bagi kajian Hadis. Istilah ini memang bukan dari pemikir Islam. Namun secara subtansi, hermeneutika sebagai kerja kritis atas hadis (sanad dan matan) telah melekat di kalangan muslim klasik dan modern-kontemporer. Tulisan ini ingin membuktikan bahwa Azami sekalipun, yang dikenal ‘anti’ barat, secara subtansi melakukan kerja hermeneutika. Metode kajian hadis Azami, baik sanad maupun matan akan ditarik dalam diskusi hermeneutika hadis, yang dalam hal ini penulis akan menggunakan tiga unsur dasar dalam wacana hermeneutika, yakni author (perawi), teks (hadis) dan reader (Azami). Artikel ini akan menjawan tentag bagaimana dan sejauhmana metode pemikiran hadis Mustafa Azami dapat diposisikan sebagai kerja hermeneutika, dalam hal ini sebagai kajian kritis atas sanad dan matan hadis? Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Azami dalam kerja hermeneutika-nya senantiasa mengungkap diskusi keorisinalitas perawi (sanad) dan kerasionalitas matan dengan melakukan metode perbandingan. Argumen nalar digunakan dalam konteks menelusuri seputar fakta perawi, dan menentukan masuk akal atau tidaknya kandungan matan hadi
Requirement for STAT3 and its target, TFCP2L1, in self-renewal of naïve pluripotent stem cells in vivo and in vitro.
Get PDFWe previously demonstrated gradual loss of epiblast during diapause in embryos lacking components of the LIF/IL6 receptor. Here, we explore the requirement for the downstream signalling transducer andactivator of transcription STAT3 and its target, TFCP2L1, in maintenance of naïve pluripotency. Unlike conventional markers, such as NANOG, which remains high in epiblast until implantation, both STAT3 and TFCP2L1 proteins decline during blastocyst expansion, but intensify in the embryonic region after induction of diapause, as observed visually and confirmed using our image-analysis pipeline, consistent with our previous transcriptional expression data. Embryos lacking STAT3 or TFCP2L1 underwent catastrophic loss of most of the inner cell mass during the first few days of diapause, indicating involvement of signals in addition to LIF/IL6 for sustaining naïve pluripotency in vivo. By blocking MEK/ERK signalling from the morula stage, we could derive embryonic stem cells with high efficiency from STAT3 null embryos, but not those lacking TFCP2L1, suggesting a hitherto unknown additional role for this essential STAT3 target in transition from embryo to embryonic stem cells in vitro. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper
بررسي عوامل مرتبط با حوادث ترافيکي جادهاي منجر به جرح يا فوت در شهرستان شاهرود
Get PDFBackground and Objectives: Traffic accidents proposed is one of major causes of death and disability in the world. Different factors are involved in these events.This study was conducted to determine the factors affecting road traffic accidents leading to injury or death in Shahroud city in 2011.
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study from June until December 2011. Demographic information and factors affecting road traffic accidents consists of three parts: human, road and environment factors were collected by using a researcher made questionnaire. After confirming its validity, the questionnaire completed by emergency medical technicians and Red Crescent staff. Data were analyzed using SPSS16 and by descriptive and analytical statistics (chi-square).
Results: Of 363 cases, most accidents were man injured drivers aged 30 to 39 years (44.6%). Traffic accidents were caused 864 injuries and 48 deaths. Fatigue and drowsiness (60.9%), illegal speed or overtaking (24.8%) and additional work with driving (19.35%) were the most human factors. Most of the accidents have occurred in roads with no shoulder (61.7%) and in 38.3% the narrow width of the road, was reported. Most of the accidents(62.6%) have occurred in clear and sunny weather.
Conclusion: According to results that showed fatigue and drowsiness are prevalent among drivers. Education about prevention measures such as adequate rest before driving and non-continuous driving over long distances, attention to physical and mental condition of drivers and on the other hand improving roads, as identifying black spots and installing warning signs at these areas and more police monitoring and control is recommend.
How to cite this article:Abbasi M, Sadeghi M, Azami AA, Esmaeili SM, Kavousi J, Aryafard A. Factors Related to Road Traffic Accidents Leading to Injury or Death in Shahroud City.Irtiqa Imini Pishgiri Masdumiyat (Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention). 2016; 4(2): 83-90.سابقه و هدف: حوادث ترافیکی به عنوان یکی از علل عمده مرگ و ناتوانی در سراسر جهان مطرح میباشد. عوامل متعددی در بروز این حوادث نقش دارند که شناسایی این عوامل با توجه به شرایط خاص هر منطقه ضروری است. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین عوامل مرتبط با حوادث ترافیکی جادهاي منجر به جرح یا فوت در شهرستان شاهرود انجام شد.
روش بررسی: مطالعه از نوع توصیفی- مقطعی بود که در فاصله زمانی تیرماه لغایت آذرماه 1390 انجام شد. ویژگی-های فردی و عوامل مرتبط با حوادث ترافیکی جادهای در سه بخش انسانی، جادهای و محیطی از طریق پرسشنامه محقق ساخته جمعآوری گردید. پس از تأیید روایی صوری و محتوی، پرسشنامه توسط تکنسینهاي فوریتهای پزشکی و با همکاری کارکنان هلال احمر و پلیس راه تکمیل شد. تجزیه تحلیل دادهها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و آزمونهای آماری توصیفی و کای مجذور انجام شد.
یافتهها: از 363 مورد، بیشترین حوادث مربوط به رانندگان حادثه دیده مرد و در محدوده سنی 30 تا 39 سال (44/6%) بود. حوادث ترافيکي باعث مجروح شدن 864 و مرگ 48 نفر شده بود. شايعترين عوامل انساني، خستگي و خواب آلودگي (60/9%)، سرعت يا سبقت غير مجاز (24/8%) و انجام کار اضافي همراه با رانندگي (19/3%) گزارش شد. 61/7% از حوادث در جادههای فاقد شانه رخ داده یود و در 38/3% موارد عرض کم جاده گزارش شد. اغلب حوادث ترافیکی در هوای صاف و آفتابی (62/6%) رخ داده بود.
نتیجهگیری: خستگی و خواب آلودگی شیوع بالایی در بین رانندگان دارد، آموزش اقدامات پیشگیری همچون استراحت کافی قبل از رانندگی و عدم رانندگی مداوم در مسافتهای طولانی، توجه به وضعیت جسمی و روحی رانندگان و از طرف دیگر بهبود وضع جادهها، شناسایی نقاط حادثه خیز و نصب علائم هشدار دهنده در این نقاط از سوی مسئولین و نظارت و کنترل بیشتر پلیس توصیه میشود.
How to cite this article:
Abbasi M, Sadeghi M, Azami AA, Esmaeili SM, Kavousi J, Aryafard A. Factors Related to Road Traffic Accidents Leading to Injury or Death in Shahroud City. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2016; 4(2): 83-90 .
 
Urbanization-globalization-CO2 emissions nexus revisited: Empirical evidence from South Africa
Get PDFAkbar, DH ORCiD: 0000-0002-2269-5056; Hossain, M ORCiD: 0000-0002-6835-8274© 2019 The environmental effects of urbanization and globalization are still subject to debate among scholars. South Africa is the most globalized, most urbanized and the most carbon-intensive economy in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) region. Taking this into cognizance, this study examines the effects of urbanization and globalization on CO2 emissions for South Africa using time series annual data for the period 1980–2017. Zivot and Andrews single and Bai and Perron multiple structural break unit root tests are employed to assess if all the series are stationary. This procedure follows ARDL cointegration test to check the presence of a long-run association among variables. Having been confirmed about such a cointegrating relation, ARDL short-run and long run coefficients indicate that urbanization induces CO2 emissions while only long-run significant emissions effect of globalization was noted. Toda-Yamamoto non-causality test reports a bi-directional causal link between urbanization and CO2 emissions. No causal link is observed between globalization and CO2 emissions. Variance decomposition results do not rule out these effects in future. Policy implications are discussed
The Relationship between Information Literacy Skills and Evidence-Based Medicine Competencies in Clinical Residents
Get PDFIntroduction: The emergence of new information and communication technologies has emphasized the importance of obtaining reliable and up-to-date information. There is a need to encourage clinical residents to use up-to-date medical evidence in clinical decision-making, which could empower their information literacy skills. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between possessing information literacy skills and competencies of evidence-based medicine by clinical residents at Kerman University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Iran.
Methods: The present study was survey-based. The study population consisted of all clinical residents at KUMS. One hundred fifty participants were selected at random to participate in completing the questionnaire. The data were presented using descriptive statistics (mean; SD) and analyzed using statistical tests: Pearson correlation coefficient; linear regression; independent t-test.
Results: Pearson Correlation Coefficient between information literacy and evidence-based medicine was obtained 0.529 (p-value=0.001(. Also, there was a significant relationship between information literacy skills and evidence-based medicine competencies by the clinical residency. With a mean score equal to 3.22, the clinical residency’s ability as to the components "information need" and "information organization" was more than that with other information literacy skills. The clinical residents' ability to use pieces of evidence (3.09) in the evidence-based approach was also higher than that of other components in this approach.
Conclusion: Improving clinical residents' ability to apply information literacy skills to gain medical evidence improves their clinical decision-making performance and may lead to the improvement of health in society
Child Marriage in Afghanistan: the costs and consequences that we don't know
No full textThis article explores the issue of child marriage in Afghanistan, emphasizing its impact on maternal health and overall development. It discusses the knowledge gap regarding community awareness and government action. The author conducts a literature search, critiquing two research papers for their methodology and findings.
The conclusion highlights the limited value of existing research, with the need for more robust studies and policy development. Afghanistan lacks specific legislation defining the age of marriage, which remains a concern
Study of alexithymia among people with low distress tolerance compared to non-clinical sample
Get PDFBackground: Alexithymia is a personality construct described as an asymptomatic clinical disability to identify and describe individual feelings. Individuals with alexithymia have difficulties regarding distress tolerance. The present research aimed at studying alexithymia among people with low distress tolerance in comparison to non-clinical sample.
Methods: The study population consisted of all male employees working for General Education Office of Kermanshah Province, Iran. A total of 300 individuals from among these employees were selected based on Morgan table using multistep clustering method. Demographic data questionnaire, Toronto alexithymia scale, and distress tolerance questionnaire were used for data collection.
Results: Mean (SD) score for tolerance, attracting, Assessment and Regulation were 7.3 (2.74), 8.4 (3.20), 16.8 (4.99), and 6.7 (2.63), respectively, in the normal group and 22.54 (6.07), 17 (4.28), 30.67 (6.65), and 30.50 (74.6) in the group with low distress tolerance. independent t-test showed that low distress tolerance group had significantly higher score regarding tolerance, absorption, evaluation, and regulation in comparison with the normal group (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Findings of the present study can help psychologists and counsellors to pay more attention in alexithymia among people with Low Distress Tolerance to help them for better adaptability and confrontation ability against life difficulties such as distress, and ultimately for better health
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