82 research outputs found
Calicnemia fortis Dow, Zia, Naeem & Rafi, 2014, sp. nov.
No full textCalicnemia fortis sp. nov. (Figs. 1 – 7) Type material. Holotype: ♂ (ODO/ZYG/ 217), Pakistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Noseri, 11 v 2005, leg. S. A. Zia, deposited in the National Insect Museum, Islamabad, Pakistan. Paratype: ♂ (ODO/ZYG/ 218), data as holotype. Etymology. The species is named fortis, an adjective, meaning robust, referring to the strong build and relatively large size of the species. Description of holotype male. Head: labium dark brown. Labrum black, clypeus black except for 2 small pale, widely separated spots on postclypeus. Mandible bases black. Genae dark brown adjacent to mandible bases, elsewhere dark with irregular pale markings. An indistinct pale area at junction of frons and clypeus, frons otherwise matte black, vertex and occiput same, antennae with scape and pedicel black with brown sections at top, flagellum missing. Ocelli yellowish. Thorax (Fig. 1): Prothorax matte black with grey pruinesence covering most of propleuron, anterior lobe of pronotum and lateral anterior part of middle lobe. Synthorax matte black except for a narrow irregular yellowish stripe on metepisternum, broadest near legs where extending slightly onto mesepimeron, running above and over spiracle, tapering toward but not reaching antealar carina. A broad, irregular yellow stripe occupies much of metepimeron. Legs with coxae pale with obscure dark areas anteriorly and laterally, otherwise mostly dark brown and black with sparse grey pruinosity on trochanters and femora. Wings (Figs. 2 – 3) with 5 postquadrangular cells in Fw, 4 in Hw. 18 Px in Fw, 16 (left) and 15 (right) Px in Hw. Pt pale, covering ca 2 underlying cells, approximately rhombic, but with costal side a little shorter than anal side. Abdomen: S 1 black dorsally, laterally mostly yellow. S 2 mostly black with obscure rusty red markings in apical two thirds. S 3 – 6 red, darkening with each successive segment, black behind posterior carina dorsally and in upper part laterally. S 7 dark red dorsally except at apical extremity, same colour lower laterally, with a poorly defined black stripe between, except in basal ca one-fifth. S 8 black with obscure dark red markings lower laterally and in basal half dorsally. S 9 black except for apical red lower lateral mark. S 10 black. Genital ligula (Fig. 4) typical for group 2 Calicnemia, terminal segment with two broad apical lobes, almost square at ends. Anal appendages of typical form for the genus, as shown in Figs. 5–7 with interior ventral tooth located basally on cercus, bifurcated terminally. Measurements (mm): Abdomen without anal appendages 37, paraprocts ca 1.5; Hw 28.5. Female. Unknown. Variation in paratype male. The paratype male (Fig. 8) does not differ from the holotype in any significant way except that two full length pruinose antehumeral stripes are present, and there is more extensive pruinosity on the prothorax and laterally on the synthorax. Additionally abdominal S 1 – 2 are largely pruinose grey. Measurements (mm): Abdomen without anal appendages 35; Hw 28.5; 18 Px in Fw, 14 (right) or 16 (left) Px in Hw. Diagnosis. A robust group 2 Calicnemia with synthorax black with yellow lateral marks and abdomen with S 2 – 7 wholly or partly red. Separated from all other species of group 2 of Calicnemia except C. hasik Wilson & Reels, 2003, C. mortoni (Laidlaw, 1917), C. nipalica Kimmins, 1958, C. pulverulans (Selys, 1886) and C. rectangulata Laidlaw, 1932 by the black mesepisternum lacking antehumeral markings or with only pruinose blue antehumeral markings. Distinguished from C. pulverulans by the entirely black abdomen and the more rounded ends of the lobes of the terminal segment of the ligula of that species. Distinguished from C. hasik by more extensive red colouration on the abdomen, broader lobes of the terminal segment of the ligula and shorter tooth on the cercus in lateral view. C. rectangulata differs in the extent of the red markings in the abdomen and in having a much larger tooth on the cercus, very prominent in lateral view. C. nipalica has the terminal segment of the ligula deeply divided. C. mortoni has a longer but less broad tooth on the cercus and the terminal segment of the ligula deeply divided. Remarks. In his PhD thesis (Zia 2010) the second author gave this species a name, Indocnemis ahmedi, and presented a (composite) description, but also issued a disclaimer, citing article 8.2 of the International code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 2012), to the effect that “description of new species i.e. Indocnemis ahmedi provided in this dissertation is not issued for public and permanent scientific record or for purposes of zoological nomenclature”. The name ahmedi is therefore not available; in any case it would not have been available because no holotype was designated (article 16.4.1). Calicnemis fortis was found flying within tall grassy vegetation around an open spring which runs into a fast flowing stream. Calicnemia eximia was common at the same site. Unfortunately following the devastating earthquake in October 2005 the spring at the type locality dried up, and the species has not been relocated in that area despite repeated searches by the second author in the following three years. However, Zia (2010) lists two additional males from a location in North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. These specimens have not been seen by the first author and in the view of the second author might represent a different species, because they differ quite substantially in colouration and some other characters as well; therefore they are left out of consideration here. The species should be searched for not just in neighbouring regions of Pakistan, but also in the neighbouring Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. In life the markings on the abdomen were pinkish red, becoming darker on S 6–7; in the holotype they have faded considerably with preservation. The colour of the paratype male (Fig. 8) is better preserved than that of the holotype, as is the extensive pruinosity on the thorax and abdominal S 1–2. In the holotype there is no indication of any antehumeral markings, but pruinose antehumeral stripes are present in the paratype. Possibly, as is the case in males of some other Calicnemia species, e.g. C. soccifera Yu & Chen, 2013, yellow antehumeral markings are present in immature individuals but later these markings become completely pruinose (Yu & Chen 2013). In the case of C. fortis, possibly the underlying marking fades completely, leading to the condition now seen in the holotype. Calicnemia fortis comes closest to C. pulverulans, from which it differs principally in the colour of the abdomen and details of the genital ligula. Calicnemia pulverulans has been recorded as far west as the Nanda Devi Bisophere Reserve in Uttar Pradesh, India (Kumar 1997), but this is more than 600 km from the type locality of C. fortis. Differences from C. pulverulans and other species most closely resembling the available material of C. fortis are given in the diagnosis. Considering the remaining species in group 2 of Calicnemia, C. fortis males are easily separated from those of C. chaseni (Laidlaw in Campion & Laidlaw, 1928), C. miles (Laidlaw, 1917), C. miniata (Selys, 1886), C. chaoi Wilson, 2004, and C. zhuae Zhang & Yang, 2008, which have bright red or orange antehumeral stripes as well as differences in the anal appendages and genital ligula; uniquely in the genus C. chaoi possesses amber wings (Wilson 2004). Of three Chinese species with males possessing yellow or pruinosed antehumeral stripes: C. gulinensis Yu & Bu, 2008, C. porcata Yu & Bu, 2008 and C. soccifera, C. soccifera has the terminal segment of the genital ligula with much narrower lobes and legs with a red or yellow femur contrasting with a black tibia. Calicnemia gulinensis has an orange abdomen and far more extensive pale markings on labrum and clypeus and C. porcata differs in the colouration of the head, details of the tooth on the cercus and in the ligula, which bears a distinctive ridge centrally on the terminal segment, and has the lobes almost square ended. This leaves two species that have not been placed in either of Lieftinck’s groups within Calicnemia; these are dealt with below. The species group to which C. uenoi Asahina, 1997, from Vietnam belongs is unclear because Asahina provided no illustration of the ligula. Asahina (1997: 22) stated that C. uenoi is “One of the typical Calicnemia species...”, but judging from the illustrations it seems atypical in the form of the tooth on the cercus, a narrow median spine rather than the robust tooth, normally with a bifid tip, and typically placed more basally, that is usual in Calicnemia. The type series of C. uenoi was deposited in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan, but at the present time it cannot be located (Akihiko Sasamoto and Takuya Kiyoshi, personal communication). However, in the collection of the Naturalis Biodiversity Center (RMNH), Leiden, there is a male labelled as C. uenoi from the area of the type locality, donated from the collection of Matti Hämäläinen and originally collected by Haruki Karube. It is difficult to reconcile the anal appendages of the RMNH specimen with Asahina’s illustrations, and this specimen seems close to C. hasik. When describing C. hasik, Wilson & Reels (2003: 266) commented on Asahina’s description of C. uenoi and, understandably, concluded that their species was distinct; the RMNH specimen suggests that further study of this matter is needed. It is to be hoped that the type series of C. uenoi will become available in the near future. In any case, C. uenoi as illustrated by Asahina is clearly distinguished from C. fortis by the form and position of the tooth on the cercus, and C. hasik and the RMNH specimen differ from C. fortis in the details of the ligula, anal appendages and colouration. Calicnemia sudhaae Mitra, 1994, known from Mizoram in northeast India and which is said (Mitra 2002) to resemble C. pulverulans, does not appear to have been assigned to either species group within Calicnemia. This species is illustrated in Mitra (2002: figs. 54-56) where the ligula appears to have ribbon-like flagellae, an impression confirmed by the text “flagella one pair, long ribbon like with pointed apex” (Mitra 2002: 56). Therefore C. sudhaae belongs to group 1 of Calicnemia and need not be considered further here. The large size and long wing length of this species partly accounts for the high count of postquadrangular cells in C. fortis, a character that Fraser (1933), following Laidlaw (1917), used to separate Calicnemia from Indocnemis Laidlaw, 1917. Recent authors have seldom or never given counts of the postquadrangular cells in their descriptions of Calicnemia species, but the illustration of the Hw of C. chaoi shows 4 postquadrangular cells (Wilson 2004: 429, fig. 21). Lieftinck (1977: 20, 22) stated that C. miniata males from northern India and Nepal examined have 3 – 4 postquadrangular cells and that even the holotype male of C miles has 3 – 3 - 1 / 2 postquadrangular cells. In fact the wing photograph of C. pulverulans in Laidlaw (1917: plate XV, fig. 3), the same publication where Indocnemis was described and where the count of postquadrangular cells was first used to distinguish Calicnemia from Indocnemis, shows almost 4 postquadrangular cells in the left Fw. It is to be hoped that these examples will finally lay to rest the idea that the count of postquadrangular cells is a character of value for distinguishing Calicnemia from related genera. With the addition of C. fortis, Calicnemia consists of 22 named species, unless C. pyrrhosoma Lieftinck, 1984 is recognised; this name persists on some world Odonata checklists although it was established as a junior synonym of C. doonensis Sangal & Tyagi, 1984 by Hämäläinen (1989). Yu & Bu (2008) commented on the extent of variability of markings with age and possibly location in C. sinensis Lieftinck, 1984, and geographical variation in markings may occur in other species, so that caution is needed in separating species based entirely on colour patterns. However, structural differences in ligula and caudal appendages are also often subtle, rendering Calicnemia a difficult genus to work on. As noted by Yu & Chen (2013), some of the Chinese species “seem to be closely related, and more detailed studies are needed to clarify their true relationships”; we can only extend this statement to the whole genus.Published as part of Dow, Rory A., Zia, Ahmed, Naeem, Muhammad & Rafi, Muhammad Ather, 2014, Calicnemia fortis sp. nov. from Pakistan (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platycnemididae), pp. 338-342 in Zootaxa 3869 (3) on pages 338-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3869.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/22935
ANALISIS HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM POSITIF TERHADAP PEMOTONGAN UPAH KERJA DAMPAK DARI VIRUS COVID-19 (Studi pada CV. Sumber Jaya Variasi Raden Intan Bandar Lampung)
No full textABSTRAK
Perekonomian Indonesia kian memburuk saat terjadi kasus
covid-19 dari tahun 2019 hingga saat ini dan bahkan terjadi hampir
seluruh negara. Tentu masalah ini langsung banyak perusahaan
sampai menyentuh pekerja atau karyawan yang mengalami kerugian
besar seperti pemotongan gaji atau bahkan pemutusan hubungan kerja
(PHK) secara sepihak oleh perusahaan dan masalah lainnya yang
terjadi pada pekerja atau karyawan tersebut. Salah satu aspek dalam
muamalah yang cukup penting adalah upah mengupah, yaitu
memberikan imbalan sebagai bayaran kepada seorang yang telah
melakukan pekerjaan, tertentu dan bayaran itu diberikan menurut
perjanjan yang telah disepakati. Penulis tertarik terhadap
permasalahan tersebut mengenai Pemotongan Upah kerja karyawan
dampak dari covid-19 pada CV. Sumber Jaya Variasi Raden Intan
Bandar Lampung.
Rumusan Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana
Mekanisme Pemotongan Upah Kerja Dampak Dari Virus covid-19
dan Tinjauan Hukum Islam Dan Hukum Positif Terhadap Pemotongan
Upah Kerja Dampak Dari Virus covid-19 yang dilakukan oleh CV.
Sumber Jaya Variasi Raden Intan Bandar Lampung. Tujuan penelitian
ini adalah untuk mengetahui Mekanisme pemotongan upah kerja
karyawan serta untuk mengetahui Tinjauan Hukum Islam dan Hukum
Positif terhadap Mekanisme Pemotongan upah yang dilakukan oleh
CV. Sumber Jaya Variasi Raden Intan Bandar Lampung.
Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengggunakan penelitian
lapangan (field research) yang dilakukan pada CV. Sumber Jaya
Variasi Raden Intan Bandar Lampung. Teknik pengumpulan data
yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara. Adapun populasi
dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 informan yang terdiri dari Pemilik,
HRD dan 3 orang karyawan dan pengambilan sampelnya
menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik Analisa data yang
digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik
penulisan pada penelitian ini adalah deduktif dan deskriptif.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa tinjauan Hukum Islam
dan Hukum Positif terhadap pemotongan upah karyawan CV. Sumber
Jaya Variasi Bandar Lampung tidak bertentangan dengan Hukum
Islam serta pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan melalui Kementerian
Ketenagakerjaan No.M/3/HK.O4/III/2O2O dalam Islam kebijakan
pemerintah tersebut boleh dilakukan apalagi dalam keadaan
darurat,seperti terdapat dalam Al-Quran Surat An-Nisa ayat 59.
Kemudian dalam hal pemotongan upah di tengah bencana covid-19
sebenarnya tidak terdapat dalil baik yang berasal dari Al-Quran
ataupun hadits yang memperbolehkan ataupun melarangnya.
Kata Kunci : Hukum Islam, Ijarah, Pemotongan Upah Kerj
CREATIVE FINANCING DALAM PEMBANGUNAN INFRASTRUKTUR DI INDONESIA PADA DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PENGELOLAAN PEMBIAYAAN DAN RISIKO KEMENTRIAN KEUANGAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA
No full textThe Effect of PT. Inalum's Baking Filter Dust (BFD) as a Cement Substitute on the Compressive Strength of Normal Concrete After Curing with Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) Solution
No full textPT Inalum as the largest aluminum industry company in Indonesia is located in an
extreme environment (seawater environment) with a sulfate content in the soil of 5-
15% and has a soil pH of 4-9. In producing aluminum, PT Inalum produces various
kinds of waste, one of which is BFD (Baking Fillter Dust). BFD is the residual result
of burning carbon (anode) which is burned at 1250oC for 38 hours mixed with
ceramic ball and coke. The resulting BFD is still minimally utilized while its
production continues to increase. In this study, BFD (Baking Fillter Dust) was
utilized as a cement substitution material to see the extent of the increase in
compressive strength of concrete by comparing normal concrete after curing with
sulfuric acid solution (H2SO4). The research method used is experimental by
substituting cement with variations of BFD 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of the
weight of cement. In this study, the specimens were soaked with sulfuric acid
solution (H2SO4) with a concentration of 5% (pH = 4,01), then tested for concrete
compressive strength at the age of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The results showed that
BFDA05 could increase the compressive strength of concrete by 30.76 Mpa at 28
days (1.55% or 0.0155 times stronger than BN). However, the compressive strength
of concrete decreased with the addition of BFD variation. In addition, in this study,
it was obtained that the optimum mass loss in concrete occurred in the BFDA05
variation of 3,60% at the age of 28 days of concrete after curing with 5% H2SO4
solution (pH = 4,01)138 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
ANALISA TORSI COGGING PADA PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR 18 SLOT 12 POLE DENGAN SOFTWARE MAGNET INFOLYTICA
No full textCogging merupakan hentakan torsi dari reaksi magnet dan inti besi yang hanya terasa oleh tangan kita yang mengakibatkan sulitnya memutar rotor dan menimbulkan getaran dan bunyi yang mengganggu. Cogging terjadi karena adanya perbedaan permeabilitas antara magent dengan material non-magnet. Oleh karena itu torsi cogging pada Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) harus dibuat sekecil-kecilnya, salah satu caranya adalah merubah bentuk stator dan rotor serta letak magnet pada rotor. Dalam laporan ini untuk mencari nilai cogging yang kecil dilakukan simulasi pada desain PMSG 18 slot 12 pole menggunakan software Magnet Infolytica. Hasil simulasi enam buah model generator PMSG dengan merubah konfigurasi stator dan rotor menghasilkan nilai torsi cogging terbesar yaitu 1.13 Nm pada model stator terbuka/biasa dengan konfigurasi SPM dan nilai torsi cogging terkecil yaitu 0.008 Nm pada model stator umbrella dengan konfigurasi IPM
Quantum Software Engineering: A New Genre of Computing
No full textAbstract
The quantum computing (QC) field is rapidly moving beyond the realm of pure science to become a commercially viable technology that may be able to overcome the drawbacks of traditional computing. Major technology tycoons have spent in building coding frameworks and hardware to create applications specifically designed for quantum computing over the last few years. The development of QC hardware is accelerating, however, the requirement for software-intensive methodology, approaches, procedures, instruments, roles and responsibilities for creating industrial-focused quantum software applications arises from operationalizing the QC. This paper outlines the concept of quantum software engineering (QSE) life cycle, which entails the engineering of quantum requirements, design, implementation, testing and maintenance of quantum software. This paper notably advocates for collaborative efforts between the industrial community and software engineering research to propose practical solutions to support the complete activities for the development of quantum software. The proposed vision makes it easier for researchers and practitioners to suggest new procedures, reference designs, cutting-edge equipment, and methods for utilizing quantum computers and creating the newest and most advanced quantum software.Abstract
The quantum computing (QC) field is rapidly moving beyond the realm of pure science to become a commercially viable technology that may be able to overcome the drawbacks of traditional computing. Major technology tycoons have spent in building coding frameworks and hardware to create applications specifically designed for quantum computing over the last few years. The development of QC hardware is accelerating, however, the requirement for software-intensive methodology, approaches, procedures, instruments, roles and responsibilities for creating industrial-focused quantum software applications arises from operationalizing the QC. This paper outlines the concept of quantum software engineering (QSE) life cycle, which entails the engineering of quantum requirements, design, implementation, testing and maintenance of quantum software. This paper notably advocates for collaborative efforts between the industrial community and software engineering research to propose practical solutions to support the complete activities for the development of quantum software. The proposed vision makes it easier for researchers and practitioners to suggest new procedures, reference designs, cutting-edge equipment, and methods for utilizing quantum computers and creating the newest and most advanced quantum software
Extracting patterns from Global Terrorist Dataset (GTD) Using Co-Clustering approach
No full textGlobal Terrorist Dataset (GTD) is a vast collection of terrorist activities reported around the globe. The terrorism database incorporates more than 27,000 terrorism incidents from 1968 to 2014. Every record has spatial data, a period stamp, and a few different fields (e.g. strategies, weapon sorts, targets and wounds). There were few earlier studies to find interesting patterns from this textual gamut of data. The author believes that GTD has numerous interesting patterns still hidden and the full potential of this resource is still to be divulged. In this Independent Study, the author tries to investigate the GTD through co-clustering method for pattern discovery. Author has extracted textual data from GTD as per motivation to cluster the data in space and time simultaneously, through co-clustering. Co-clustering has become an important and powerful tool for data mining. By using co-clustering, bilateral data can be analysed by describing the connections between two different entities. There are many applications in the real world that can extensively benefits from this approach of co-clustering, such as market basket analysis and recommendation system. In this study, the effectiveness of co[1]clustering model will be described by performing experiment on database of global terrorist events
Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Pendegradasi Mikroplastik dari Estuari Baturusa Pulau Bangka
No full textPerairan estuari Baturusa memiliki banyak sumber pencemaran sampah plastik yang berasal dari kegiatan antropogenik. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meminimalisir pencemaran plastik adalah dengan biodegradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui genus bakteri pendegradasi, jumlah total bakteri pendegradasi dan persentase degradasi mikroplastik yang disebabkan oleh bakteri dari estuari Baturusa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari – Mei 2023. Metode penelitian diawali dengan pengambilan sampel air menggunakan plankton net, pengambilan sampel sedimen menggunakan ekman grab dan pengambilan sampel plastik di 3 titik stasiun berbeda secara purposive sampling. Isolasi dan uji degradasi bakteri menggunakan metode Winogradsky Colomn dengan waktu inkubasi selama 30 hari dan setelahnya dilakukan katakterisasi bakteri. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 16 isolat diduga sebagai bakteri pendegradasi mikroplastik yang terdiri dari 7 genus bakteri meliputi Neisseria, Enterobacter, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Actinobacillus, Alcaligenes dan Halomonas. Jumlah bakteri pendegradasi bervariasi antar stasiun dimana stasiun 3 memiliki jumlah kelimpahan tertinggi dengan jumlah 8,8 × 107 CFU/ml, jumlah kelimpahan bakteri tertinggi kedua terdapat pada stasiun 2 dengan jumlah 2,5 × 107 CFU/ml dan jumlah kelimpahan bakteri terendah terdapat pada stasiun1 dengan jumlah 8,4 × 105 CFU/ml. Persentase degradasi mikroplstik didapati hasil bahwa stasiun 3 memiliki persentase degradasi tertinggi yang ditandai dengan kehilangan berat plastik terbesar yaitu 0,2 %. Kemampuan mendegradasi terendah yaitu pada stasiun 1 yaitu sebesar 0,047 %
STUDI PEMIKIRAN M.QURAISH SHIHAB TENTANG POLIGAMI DALAM KITAB TAFSIR AL MISBAH
No full textPIZA RAFI ZIKFAN(2024) : STUDI PEMIKIRAN M.QURAISH SHIHAB TENTANG POLIGAMI
DALAM KITAB TAFSIR AL MISBAH
Penulisan skripsi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya perkembangan tafsir Al-Qur‟an
akan senantiasa berkorespondensi (sesuai) dengan perkembangan realitas yang
melestarikannnya. Dari masa ke masa selalu ada pembaharuan efistemologis
dalam kajian tersebut, mulai dari fase normatif sampai dengan munculnya fase
reformatif. Dalam hal ini, keterkaitan antara penafsir sebagai pengarang (author)
di satu sisi, dengan teks yang menjadi buah karyanya. Terjadinya perbedaan
dalam penafsiran biasanya disebabkan beragamnya metode dan hal yang
mempengaruhi penafsir dalam penafsirannya. Berangkat dari sini, penulis ingin
menjelaskan pemikiran M. Quraish Shihab dalam Tafsirnya Kitab Al-Misbah
bahwa Poligami bukanlah hal yang bisa kita lakukan seperti di zaman rasulullah
SAW, karena Poligami pad masa nabi muhammad SAW bertujuan mengurangi
konflik, seperti menikahi janda yang ditinggal suami ketika perang yang terdapat
padanya anak yatim khawatir akan terlantarnya anak yatim, sementara pada
zaman sekarang jika poligami memicu konflik antara para istri-istri, anak-anak
seperti terputusnya silaturahmi dan lain-lain. meski hukum poligami itu boleh,
atau sunnah sebagaimana kita melaksanakan sunnah Nabi Muhammad SAW.
Akan tetapi poligami hanyalah pilihan terakhir (pintu darurat) karena tidak
tercapainya tujuan dari pernikahan, yang terdapat pada KHI, seperti istri tidak bisa
digauli karena sakit, istri tidak bisa memberi keturunan dan beberapa penyebabpenyebab lainnya yangmenjadi penghalangan terhadap tercapainya tujuan dari
pernikahan/perkawinan. Hasil Penelitian ini adalah bahwa Quraish Shihab dalam
Tafsirnya AlMisbah menjelaskan bahwa hukum poligami mubah (boleh) tetapi
boleh Ketika darurat, bukan kebolehan yang bisa dilakukan dengan semena-mena.
Seperti yang dikutip dari Qur‟an surat An-Nisa ayat 3 yaitu: Dan jika kamu takut
tidak akan dapat berlaku adil terhadap (hak-hak) perempuan yang yatim (bilamana
kamu mengawininya), maka kawinilah wanita-wanita (lain) yang kamu senangi:
dua, tiga atau empat. Kemudian jika kamu takut tidak akan dapat berlaku adil,
maka (kawinilah) seorang saja, atau budak-budak yang kamu miliki, Yang
demikian itu adalah lebih dekat kepada tidak berbuat aniaya. Itu menjelaskan
bahwa adanya kebolehan dalam berpoligami tapi dengan syarat yang ditentukan.
Dan pada ayat itu juga disebutkan bahwa jika kamu takut tidak akan dapat berlaku
adil maka kawinilah seorang saja, ini menjelaskan bahwa hakikatnya manusia
tidak ada yang sanggup untuk berlaku adil walaupun mereka berniat untuk
melakukannya, maka diberikan pilihan agar mereka hanya menikahi satu wanita
saja yang itu lebih baik.
Kata Kunci: Poligami, Quraish Shihab, Tafsir Al-Misbah
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