34 research outputs found
The impact of self-concept and its congruence with different brands on purchase intention: Evidence from Pakistani consumers
Get PDFCurrent research explores the effect of self-congruity (matching one.s self with brands) on brand attitude causing purchase intention. Mostly marketers communicate the conception that their brand matches with how ideally consumers want to see themselves. So, there is an imperious self-congruity effect applied to most brands universally. This research validates the previous theories of self-congruity in Pakistani context by confirming the positive consequence of self-congruity on brand-attitude and purchase intention. Current information is highly significant for segmentation as well as branding and promotional strategies. After initial data screening, statistics from 250 respondents was analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM, used here after) for verification of measurement as well as structural models. The results verified the theories of self-congruity and it is recommended that better targeting is required by understanding perceived self of the target market to be used in brand communication strategies. Findings of this study revealed that consumers evaluate brands by matching them with their perceived self (self-image) and accordingly develops attitude towards brands which ultimately influences their purchase intention i.e. those brands are preferred which matches with one.s perceived self-image. Findings also confirmed that Self-Congruity (the perception about one.s self) effects the consumer.s choice to prefer a particular brand (which matches to their perceived self) in the form of brand attitude which ultimately determines purchase intention. This understanding could be further used to improve segmentation and targeting decisions
Energy Efficient Analysis for WCDMA/ 3G Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Deployments in Indoor Environment
No full textIn near future, the cellular traffic will increase rapidly with majority of the increase coming from Indoor traffic. To cope up with the ever increasing demand, more Base Stations are being deployed in limited areas, which can increase the capacity but will also be responsible for increased energy consumption. Since power is a valuable commodity today both economical and environmental wise, energy efficient deployment along with capacity improvement is crucial for both incumbent and new telecom operators. The objective of this Thesis is to evaluate Power consumption and Capacity for Indoor users, both in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous infra structure cases for the 3G WCDMA/UMTS technology. The comparison is done for Uniform and Non-Uniform Traffic Distributions. In homogeneous case, results indicate that there is a tradeoff between Area Power Consumption, APC and Area Spectral Efficiency, ASE. Large Macro Base Stations covering a limited Indoor Area use less APC but provides low ASE. Small Micro Base Stations which cover the same Indoor Area consumes little more APC then Macro BS but increases the ASE manifold. In Heterogeneous case results suggest that Heterogeneous Networks (HETNET) cases enhance the Area Throughput significantly with a small increase in Area Power Consumption. MACRO+10WLAN 1is the best HETNET case in both Uniform and Non-Uniform Traffic with up to 40% Energy savings and higher data/user compared to MACRO Only deployment. The traffic patterns, number of active users in a cell and Inter Site Distances between Base Stations strongly influence the energy saving and capacity enhancements
Market Research: Demand & Business Models for an Online Grocery Shopping service in Porvoo
Get PDFThe thesis is named Market Research: Demand & Business Models for an Online Grocery Shopping service in Porvoo the commisioning party for the thesis is a young restaurant food delivery company.
The primary objectives of the thesis written is to gather data on attitudes & opinion of people on online grocery shopping, particularly in the city of Porvoo, Finland; research is conducted to investigate if an online grocery delivery service is a favorable business in Porvoo or not.
Goal of this research in thesis is to gather primary data through quantitative reseach approach & analysis of different business models that could be adopted by the commisioning party. The research questionnaire includes 14 questions divided in to two sections. The questions asked are described and data gathered is analysed.
The empirical part of this thesis includes data analysis, disscussion and conclusion. Data retrieved suggest to a posibility of a pilot program to test the service. It does not recommend a full scale initiation of a grocery delivery business as more data is needed.
Lastly all sources are cited and appendices are attached
Personal Values and Cultural Distances: Shaping Consumer Motivation in Collaborative Consumption
Get PDFThe research study examines how personal values and cultural distance interact intricately to affect consumer motivation in the perspective of collaborative consumption. This study generates a conceptual layout that illuminates the complex interactions among these variables by combining a thorough literature assessment. The paradigm highlights a balancing effect of human values and trust between the relationship of cultural differences and consumer motivation. Understanding these processes becomes increasingly crucial as the sharing economy becomes more ubiquitous. The study uses a quantitative research design to clarify these connections. Surveys are used in quantitative analysis to collect information on customer motivation, levels of trust, personal values alignment, and perceptions of cultural distance. The study's triangulated methodology strives to offer an inclusive knowledge of the elements impacting consumer behavior in this complicated environment. According to preliminary data, personal values significantly moderate the effect of cultural influences on consumer’s motivation. The effect of cultural differences on motivation is either accentuated or diminished when personal values coincide with the universal principles of collaborative consumption. Additionally, it becomes clear that trust is a key mediator that has the power to either amplify or mitigate the effect of cultural differences on customer motivation. These observations highlight the need for developing trust-building strategies and promoting cultural sensitivity in order to improve cross-cultural engagement in cooperative consumption practices. In conclusion, this research offers significant new knowledge in a number of areas, such as sharing economy methods, cultural studies, and consumer behavior. The study provides entrepreneurs, policymakers, and stakeholders with the knowledge necessary to successfully traverse the varied environment of collaborative consumption by disentangling the complex web of cultural distance, individual values, and trust. A nuanced and culturally sensitive approach is essential for establishing inclusive and sustainable practices that appeal to customers from all backgrounds as the sharing economy continues to develop
Role of Perception of Politics in Enhancing Organizational Dissent: Case of Pakistan Telecom Sector
Get PDFThe prime objective of the study is to examine the impact of perception of politics on organizational dissent. Moreover, mediating role of self enhancement was examined as well. The data of the study was collected from the employees of the telecom sector through random sampling. For this research, survey method was found to be more suitable involving questionnaire as a data collection instrument. Thus, the present study employed SEM-PLS, which is used to carry out hypothesis testing and the statistical and numerical analysis. The findings of the study revealed that Perception of politics and self enhancement motives significantly impacts organizational dissent. Moreover, mediating role of self enhancement motive also proved to be significant. The findings of the study are important for the academicians and policy makers of HR department in telecom sector of Pakistan
Trends in Student Radicalization across University Campuses in Afghanistan
Get PDFThis study aims to examine the trends in student radicalization across eight university campuses
in Afghanistan. We conclude from our survey of student and staff views and an analysis of the
character of protests across campuses that the extent of student radicalization varies. In
particular, we come to three noteworthy findings. First, most university students are more
concerned over prospects of post-graduation follow-on careers than ideological ambition.
Second, while we find that most students and lecturers denounce radical views and violence, a
relatively more aggressive response to both the policies of the Afghan government and the armed
international intervention exhibited by students from universities in Kabul, Qandahar and
Nangarhar suggests differentiated patterns across university campuses, with these campuses
suggestive of a stronger tendency toward radicalized views. Finally, as an institution, the
university does not play a strong role in the radicalization of its students. Rather, a charged
political climate and the readily available opportunity to mobilize quickly enable students to
stand in protest rather easily. However, findings also suggest that it is this same easy access to
mobilize in protest that seems to attract a number of external groups as evident by the black,
white and green flags representative of al-Qaeda, the Taliban, and the militant wing of Hezb-e-
Islami Hekmatyar. Moreover, it is these protests that seem to encourage polarization and
consequential division on campus which increasingly resemble the practice of takfir. Referring
to the practice of excommunication wherein one Muslim declares that another Muslim has
abandoned Islam, takfir is in direct competition with the more tolerant teachings common to the
characteristically liberal curriculum of public universities. While protest in and of itself is a
characteristic common to progressive democracies, evidence suggests that some student protests
do call for division along sectarian lines or the suppression of women’s rights, both of which
stand in contradiction to democratic principles and pose a threat to stability. With more than
sixty-three percent of the Afghan population under the age of twenty-four, left unchecked such
influence has the likelihood and potential to expand with substantial consequences for
development and security in Afghanistan. As Afghanistan moves into a new phase of its era of
state-building, a special focus on meeting the needs of its youth and in particular of Afghan
university students is indispensable in meeting and maintaining lasting stability and prosperity.
This study is the first part of an ongoing series of papers dedicated to examining the trends in
radicalization across the various sectors throughout Afghanistan. Launched in late 2013, we plan
follow-on studies to complement the series, including examinations of the trends in
radicalization in madrassas across Afghanistan and within the Afghan security forces
The Impact of Self-Concept and its Congruence with Different Brands on Purchase Intention: Evidence from Pakistani Consumers
Get PDFCurrent research explores the effect of self-congruity (matching one‟s self with brands) on brand attitude causing purchase intention. Mostly marketers communicate the conception that their brand matches with how ideally consumers want to see themselves. So, there is an imperious self-congruity effect applied to most brands universally. This research validates the previous theories of self-congruity in Pakistani context by confirming the positive consequence of self-congruity on brand-attitude and purchase intention. Current information is highly significant for segmentation as well as branding and promotional strategies. After initial data screening, statistics from 250 respondents was analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM, used here after) for verification of measurement as well as structural models. The results verified the theories of self-congruity and it is recommended that better targeting is required by understanding perceived self of the target market to be used in brand communication strategies. Findings of this study revealed that consumers evaluate brands by matching them with their perceived self (self-image) and accordingly develops attitude towards brands which ultimately influences their purchase intention i.e. those brands are preferred which matches with one‟s perceived self-image. Findings also confirmed that Self-Congruity (the perception about one‟s self) effects the consumer‟s choice to prefer a particular brand (which matches to their perceived self) in the form of brand attitude which ultimately determines purchase intention. This understanding could be further used to improve segmentation and targeting decisions
Empathetic Leadership and Follower Workplace Engagement: Mediating Role of Climate for Inclusion
Get PDFAlthough inclusive climate is an emerging approach in empathetic leadership to enhance workplace outcomes, limited research has shown how empathetic leaders create climate for inclusion. The basic aim of current study was to investigate the role of empathetic leaders to promote a climate for inclusion and to examine the effect on workplace outcomes. Survey method was used to collect data of female teachers from various universities. Data revealed that Empathetic leadership plays a vital role to create an inclusive climate for female teachers to engage at their workplace. Findings supported the research hypothesis and research model and established a connection between empathetic leadership, climate for inclusion and follower workplace engagement
Are Pakistani Islamic Banks Really Interest-free?
No full textThe performance of Islamic banks is considered as a realistic evolution from the study of history. Islamic banking is actually the system of banking that is purely based on Islamic jurisprudence. It has become an undeniable reality, and it is evident from the increasing number of Islamic banks. The discriminatory features of Islamic banking are the prohibition of riba (interest) and Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) according to Shariah principles. The current study investigates the impact of conventional banks’ deposit rates on investment rates of Islamic banks in Pakistan. Also, the study attempts to resolve the puzzle that Islamic banking is interest-free or interest-based by using the data from Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan from 2010 to 2016. From the analysis, it is found that the concept of Islamic banking is not much different from that of conventional banking in Pakistan. Besides, investment rates of Islamic banks are caused by deposit rates of conventional banks, but not vice versa. Furthermore, the results showed that the Islamic rates do not have any impact on conventional banks’ deposit rates. But in case of non-Islamic banks, deposit rates have a significant impact on Islamic rates which shows that different economic policies and religious factors also affect the fluctuation in investment rates
AN AUDIT OF HER-2/NEU RECEPTOR STATUS IN INVASIVE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
No full textObjective:
To find out the frequency of HER-2/Neu receptor status in invasive breast cancer patients.
Material and methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from January 2019 to June 2019 over the period of 6 months. Total 100 patients with breast cancer (having only lobular carcinoma / ductal carcinoma) as per operational definition and having age from 20-65 were selected. HER-2/Neu receptor status was assessed in selected patients.
Results:
In present study, mean age of the patients was 43.78±12.67 years. HER-2/Neu receptor was found positive in 40 (40%) patients and negative in 60 (60%) patients. Grade-I tumor was found in 21 (21%) patients followed by grad-II in 35 (35%) patients and grade-III tumor was found in 44 (44%) patients. Total 13 (13%) found with lobular carcinoma and 87 (87%) found with ductal carcinoma. ER was found positive in 75 (75%) patients and negative in 25 (25%) patients. PR was found in 65 (65%) patients and negative in 35% (35%) patients.
Conclusion:
Results of this study showed a higher rate of over expression of HER-2/Neu receptor. Most of the cases found with grade-III tumor. There was no association of HER-2/neu receptor status with age and obesity. In most of the patients, ER and PR was found positive.
Key words: HER-2/neu, breast carcinoma, ER/PR, over-expression, co-expressio
