CSRC Publishing: Open Journal Systems (Center for Sustainability Research and Consultancy)
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1354 research outputs found
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Impact of Gender Disparities and Financial Inclusion on Savings Culture: The Role of Women’s Wealth in South Africa
No full textPurpose: This study investigates the role of gender gaps and financial inclusion in shaping savings culture, with women’s wealth examined as a moderating factor.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Using secondary data from the World Bank database, the study draws on a large population sample covering key financial indicators related to gender, savings behaviour, and economic inclusion. Multiple regression techniques were employed to analyse the relationships between financial inclusion, women’s wealth, and savings culture.
Findings: The results reveal that financial inclusion exerts a statistically positive but marginally significant effect on savings culture. Women’s wealth, in contrast, demonstrates a statistically significant and strong influence on savings behaviour, though it has no direct effect on savings culture. These findings suggest that other factor, such as employment opportunities, education, and financial literacy, likely shape savings culture more directly.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study highlights the critical importance of enhancing women’s financial resources and implementing inclusive financial policies to strengthen savings culture. It recommends that the South African government, financial institutions, and development agencies expand targeted financial literacy programs for women, ensuring broad access to financial knowledge and empowerment. Coupled with inclusive financial policies and wealth-building opportunities, such efforts are essential for promoting long-term economic stability and improved savings culture
Exploring the Role of Digital Payment Channels in Mitigating Unemployment
No full textPurpose: The study aimed to discusses how digital payment channels will affect unemployment in Nigeria in the period between 2009 and 2024 with reference being placed on mobile payments, web payment, Point of Sales (POS) transactions, and Automated Teller Machines (ATM).
Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on the annual secondary data of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and World Development Indicators (WDI), the research will use Elastic Net regression and the Granger causality tests to determine the relationship between digital financial inclusion and employment outcomes.
Findings: The results identify that mobile payments and web payments greatly minimize unemployment and show that POS and ATM payments have the potential of encouraging job creation as well as that the transactions may lead to temporary rise in unemployment as a result of automation overburdening labor. The outcomes of Granger causality indicate that these digital channels can forecast the time changes in unemployment.
Implications/Originality/Value: The research notes that the issue of digital financial inclusion is pivotal in determining the dynamics in the labor market in Nigeria and suggests policies that increase access to mobile and web-based payment systems, improve digital literacy, and limit the effects of automated banking interfaces on employment
Evaluating ESG Measurement Approaches: Systematic Review and Methodological Implications for Empirical Research in Emerging Economies
No full textPurpose: Environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure has become a central construct in accounting, finance and management research, but empirical findings remain surprisingly inconsistent. This inconsistency is often due to the contextual or theoretical differences, while the fundamental role of ESG measurement has received relatively limited scholarly attention.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol were used to study 352 peer-reviewed empirical articles published in 2010-2024. And analyze how ESG measurement approaches vary across different contexts’
Findings: The results show that there are strong and systematic measurement asymmetries in economic settings. The dominating ESG rating agencies are found in developed economies, By contrast, ESG measures based on content analysis are dominant in emerging economies, where ESG disclosure is more voluntary and less standardized. Proxy-based measures are consistent in all contexts, but they are linked with high levels of measurement error and lower reliability.
Implications/Originality/Value: This study contributes to ESG scholarship by promoting methodological sensitivity, providing context-sensitive measurement guidelines, and outlining a future research agenda focused on measurement alignment and transparency. These insights have important implications for researchers, editors and policy makers seeking to strengthen the credibility and cumulative growth of ESG research, particularly in emerging markets
Exploring the Nexus between Organizational Capital and Supply Chain Adaptability: Empirical Insights from Pakistan Manufacturing Sector
No full textPurpose: This study examines the relationship between organizational capital and the different dimensions of supply chain adaptability based on the Intellectual Capital-Based View (ICBV) and Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT). This study helps to meet the urgent demand for supply chain flexibility prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has caused the most serious disruption to global supply chains in recent years.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Data were collected from 200 manufacturing concerns in Pakistan, and Smart-Partial Least Squares (Smart-PLS) software was employed for analysis to test the relationships posited. The model with the best goodness-of-fit indices was the saturated model (SRMR = 0.042, d_ULS, d_G = 0.065, Chi-square = 194.040, NFI = 0.911); the data were well-represented by the variables and showed the best adjustment of the overall model.
Findings: The examination demonstrates that the dimensions of organizational capital are strong explication variables (of up to 69.9 percent) of the variation of supply chain adaptability. The findings support the notion that organizational capital has a significant effect on all three dimensions of supply chain adaptability. Organizational capital helps signals rapidly propagate inside supply chains and prepares firms to respond to disruptions flexibly.
Implications/Originality/Value: This research underscores the critical role of organizational capital in enhancing supply chain adaptability, particularly during crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. It suggests that managers should actively develop and leverage their firm's organizational capital its internal routines and intellectual resources to proactively mitigate disruptions and maintain adaptable operations. The findings provide actionable insights for businesses to build more resilient supply chains capable of navigating unforeseen events
Effect of Foreign Direct Investment on Affordable Housing in Kenya: The Role of Inflation as a Moderating Variable
No full textPurpose: Housing is a natural human necessity that affects health, community, economy, education, and social justice. Currently, Kenya is among countries that are faced with housing challenge both in rural and urban areas. The purpose of this academic paper is to demonstrate the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Affordable Housing in Kenya. The study is anchored on Hedonic Price theory and based on the inferential analysis of 22 years (2010 to 2022) time series data obtained from Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, the Central Bank of Kenya, and the World Bank. The paper intends to add value to the knowledge on affordable housing as influenced by FDI inflow in Kenya.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This paper applied a causal research design coupled with econometric models. In order to establish the relationships between FDI and affordable housing in Kenya, quantitative data was analyzed both descriptively and by use of inferential analysis.
Findings: Test for Unit root using Augmented Dicky fuller revealed the presence of non-stationarity which was removed only after first and second differencing. The variance inflation factor indicated no multicollinearity and data were normally distributed. Summarized statistics synthesized its samples while distribution analysis marked FDI with a poor negative co-efficiency on the housing price index (-0.484778). At a 5% level of significance, in the regression analysis, the coefficients of log FDI were significant t (37) = -3.052, p = 0.0039 < 0.05. This model accounted for 45.3% of the variations in Affordable Housing. The overall analysis showed a more fluctuant direct effect of FDI on the Affordable Housing stock and revealed that inflation reduces the demand for affordable houses. Regression analysis carried out revealed an R2 of 0.795435 without the moderating variable, indicating FDI accounted for up to 79.5435% of variations in the Affordable Housing but no long-term equilibrium relationship was established. When inflation was included as an intervening variable, R2 was established at 0.6841 thus reducing from 0. 795435.The study contributes to the understanding of what FDI and inflation do to housing affordability in Kenya and policy recommendations for stability.
Implications/Originality/Value: This work reveals that FDI has a direct but volatile impact on effective housing inventory, consequently, the role of inflation is found influential. The regression analysis of FDI on Affordable Housing revealed a coefficient of determination of 0.795435, meaning that 79.5435% of the total variation in Affordable Housing can be accounted for by FDI. After including inflation as a moderating variable, the value reduced to 0. 684135. However, it is mixed with the result that, although the two sets of variables are in the long-run and short-run stationary relationship, no long-run cointegration was identified between the variables. This research is informative in understanding the effects of such external economic variables as FDI and inflation on the affordability of housing in Kenya and policy measures to encourage stable investment in the sector
Econometric Analyses of the Effect of Commodity Price Shock on Economic Growth in Kenya
No full textPurpose: Government policies about commodity consumption have an influence on the growth of numerous economic sectors in the globalized world. Africa has experienced a decline in economic welfare, largely due to, a sudden increase in prices and high dependency rate. This study aimed to exploring the uncertainty of commodity price on the Kenya’s economic growth. To assess kind and intensity of the nexus, both descriptive and correlational research designs were utilized.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The work also employed correlational approach applying quarterly time series data trends for the period spanning for 14 years (2008- 2022). Analysis of the data was conducted using E-views software and several diagnostic estimations as well as regression was conducted to check the null hypothesis that stated that explanatory variable had no statistical effect on explained variable.
Findings: From the correlational output of -0.2639(0.0416) commodity price shock revealed a negative significant connection. Both commodity price shock and economic growth dataset had unit root problem, which was resolved after first differencing. The simple regression findings revealed a significant negative impact of -0.2019 (0.0321) for the commodity price shock. Advanced diagnostic tests were also conducted and revealed absence of autocorrelation, and data was normally distributed making the established model appear stable and relevant.
Implications/Originality/Value: The analysis report recommends that the government should embrace local production to control commodity price volatility as well as imports, which make the country more sensitive to shocks. Additionally, establishment of new local industries as well as revival of the existing industries to boost internal production mitigating price volatility as well as vulnerability dependence
Digital Risk Management and Financial Performance of Mutual Funds in Kenya
No full textPurpose: Mutual funds act as investment vehicles whose main function is Resource Mobilization and Capital Allocation. They achieve this through the concept of pooling of resources for investment purposes. However, Kenyan mutual funds report modest performance yet they’re faced with this key role. The study sought to determine the effect of integrating financial technology in risk management functions on financial performance of Kenyan mutual funds.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Mixed research design combining descriptive and panel design with both primary and secondary data was utilized. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used guided by the pragmatic philosophy.
Findings: Findings revealed a positive effect of digital risk management on performance of mutual funds. The conclusion was that financial technology integrated in risk management functions is a key enabler of fund performance in Kenya, particularly when adopted strategically and scaled effectively according to fund size.
Implications/Originality/Value: Digital risk management enhances fund performance. Policy makers can be informed on best practices in fund management. The study contribute to the growing body of knowledge on financial technology adoption in emerging markets
Influence of Classification of Expenses Technique on Quality of Financial Reporting in Public Universities in Kenya: The Moderating Role of University Size
No full textPurpose: The quality of financial reports is of paramount importance to both end users and society, since it influences economic choices that may directly affect the community. This has prompted several institutions to use inventive accounting practices. This research aimed to assess the influence of classification of expenses technique and to evaluate the moderating influence of university size on the link between expense classification and the quality of financial reporting in public universities in Kenya.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study used a positivist research philosophy and utilized a causal research methodology. The study population was 36 public universities in Kenya. The study target population was 866 respondents, from which a sample of 274 was realized based on a stratified random sampling approach. Data were collected through questionnaires, interview schedule and secondary data collection schedule. Data was analyzed with the use of descriptive and inferential statistics.
Findings: The study found that expenses classification has a negative impact on the quality of financial reporting, with university size being a successful moderating factor in the relationship.
Implications/Originality/Value: The larger universities must leverage their resource advantage to set up best practices, while smaller universities require special capacity-building efforts to reduce exposure to misclassification
Does ESG Performance Influence Capital Structure? Panel Evidence from ESG-Sensitive Sectors in Pakistan
No full textPurpose: This study investigates the impact of ESG adoption on a firm’s financial structure, since ESG transparency policies aren’t just a trend but have evolved as the foundation of strategic goodwill of corporations. The study highlights its practical influence in shaping a firm's financial structure and marks its undeniable influence. The study incorporates four interrelated theories as a foundation of the paper, which include the Trade-off theory, RBV (Resource-Based View), Stakeholders’ theory, and Agency theory.
Design/Methodology/Approach: To analyze the impact of ESG performance on capital structure, a quantitative secondary data sample of 150 observations from 30 companies and six sectors from publicly listed firms from the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) has been taken. The analysis of data was done by using panel data regression, both fixed and random effects were employed to incorporate unobserved heterogeneity among firms, and the Hausam test was applied for rigorous outcome.
Findings: The results reveal that ESG compliance has a significant negative impact on the debt-to-equity ratio of firms, suggesting that firms with ESG transparency have better opportunities to optimize their capital structure and rely less on debt financing.
Implications/Originality/Value: The findings underscore that firms that have adopted transparent ESG disclosure policy can build goodwill for all stakeholders, which allows them to optimize the financial structure and get credit benefits on goodwill instead of relying on non-liquid assets for debt-funding
Effectiveness of Business Management Solutions Used by two Zimbabwe State Owned Enterprises to Address Business Challenges
No full textPurpose: State enterprises in Zimbabwe are perceived by business and civic society as being inefficient and loss making causing heavy government expenditure to sustain their operations. The study sought to establish the effectiveness of business solutions used by two state enterprises namely, the Grain Marketing Board (GMB) and the Zimbabwe National Water Authority (ZINWA).
Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted mixed methods paradigm together with explanatory sequential design. The target population was 97 managers from both state enterprises and parent ministry. Forty-six respondents provided quantitative data from a structured questionnaire. Interviews generated qualitative.
Findings: Major findings were that the current solutions were being hampered by lack of transparency, accountability, financial resources and retarded technological development.
Implications/Originality/Value: The implications are that both parastatals should outsource some non-key services, work with reputable partners to build business growth, streamline performance management system to enhance production and align it with rewards, carry out research to enhance creativity and development, enforce prudent financial management systems, adopt good governance and organisational restructuring