57 research outputs found
Dinamika Penguasaan Lahan pada Usahatani Palawija di Lahan Kering Kabupaten Garut Provinsi Jawa Barat
Get PDFLand is one of the important factors of production in the agricultural production process. Productive land use is crucial to the productivity of agricultural commodities, especially food crops as a source of carbohydrates to ensure food security. This study aims to analyze changes in land tenure on farm crops dry dilahan Garut regency, West Java province. This study uses data PATANAS (National Farmers Panel Data) in 2008 and 2011, as well as use the data results of Census of Agriculture, West Java (ST 2003 and 2013). PATANAS Data collected included primary and secondary data. Agriculture Census data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (CBS). The results were obtained several conclusions as follows: (1) Based on data from the Census of Agriculture known that the total tenure in 2013 both agricultural and non-agricultural land by farm household land users quite high at an average of 0.44 hectares. The average tenure of agricultural land, especially in non-paddy fields has increased compared to 2003 which is an area of 0.15 ha, (2) Size mastery and arable land per household for dry land, the average are 0.19 ha/HH (2008) and 0.39 ha/HH(2011). Most of the dry land is the property itself and cultivated its own with an average area of mastery is relatively narrow; (3) From the institutional side of the land, both involving land ownership belonging or not belonging to (renting, pawned or otherwise) was only slightly changed. Dynamics of changes in land ownership or status of arable land is not too volatile; and (4) Increased productivity of commodity plays an important role for the achievement of the level of production and the development of farming. Improved agricultural farming is a very dynamic and very flexible, as well as increased productivity. The application of agricultural technology as recommended, is a way to increase production and productivity achieved in the farming farmer-managed. In the farming activities, farmers are required to take a decision in terms of determining and selecting alternatives.Keywords: Land tenure, dry land, crops, West Java
Effect of prices and infrastructure on output supply, input demand and competitiveness of corn farming in East Java and West Java
No full textThis study aims to determine the elasticity of output supply and input demand; to determine the effect of changes in prices (output and input), research and development expenditures, and road infrastructure on output supply and input demand of corn; and to determine the competitiveness of corn in East Java and West Java. The data analyzed are those of costs structure of corn farming in the Province of East Java and West Java during 1985-2009. The data are taken from: Central Bureau Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, Service Agencies for Food Crops in West Java and East Java. Estimation model employed is the method of Seemingly Unrelated Regression. Key words: input demand, output supply, competitiveness, corn The results of the analyses show that: (1) output supply of corn in both Province of East Java and West Java are elastic to its price changes, however it is inelastic to the price changes of seed, urea, TSP and labor, (2) demand for all inputs is inelastic to its price changes, and elastic to changes in output prices in East Java and West Java, (3) corn research expenditures have positive influences to the supply of corn in East Java and West Java, which are inelastic, and the same effects also occur to infrastructure which are positive and significant to corn supply and elastic in nature, (4) there is a phenomenon that if an increase in corn price will raise the amount of corn supply in the two provinces, and rising fertilizer prices that causes a decrease in demand for seed, fertilizer and labor, (5) bias of technological change is neutral, and (6) corn farming in East Java and West Java have comparative and competitive advantages, which are indicated by the DRC and PCR values that are less than one. Policy implications of these research are that raising corn supply can be achieved through increasing its price, expenditures of corn research, and road infrastructure in the two provinces of the study. Stability and increase the price of corn can be carried out by the provincial government willingness and commitment to buy and absorb the excess production of corn during the harvest time. Meanwhile the policy to increase competitiveness of corn can be achieved through omiting or reducing market distortion of input and output, increasing effectiveness of applied research program on farming technology innovation, providing facilities to increase accesibility of farmers especially at the production center to input and output market, facilitating capital credit for small scale corn farming, and increasing farmers income through post harvest handling and processing to develop added value of corn.Produksi jagung nasional menunjukan peningkatan dalam periode sepuluh tahun terakhir, namun demikian impor jagung juga masih mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini berarti bahwa peningkatan produksi jagung nasional masih belum mampu mengimbangi peningkatan kebutuhannya. Upaya peningkatkan produksi jagung saat ini dilakukan melalui peningkatan produktivitas, perluasan areal tanam, subsidi input terutama pupuk, pemberdayaan kelembagaan pertanian dan dukungan infrastruktur seperti: pasar, infrastruktur jalan, riset dan pengembangan dan permodalan. Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas jagung, dilakukan penyebarluasan benih unggul dan peningkatan teknologi budidaya, dan riset pengembangan usahatani jagung. Permasalahannya adalah sejauhmana kebijakan harga dan pengembangan tersebut berpengaruh terhadap penawaran jagung dan permintaan input usahatani jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan elastisitas permintaan input dan penawaran output komoditas jagung, menentukan pengaruh perubahan harga output dan input, perubahan pengeluaran riset dan pengembangan jagung, perubahan infrastruktur jalan terhadap penawaran dan permintaan input jagung, dan menentukan daya saing jagung di Provinsi Jawa Timur dan Jawa Barat
Pengembangan Bioenergi di Sektor Pertanian: Potensi dan Kendala Pengembangan Bioenergi Berbahan Baku Ubi Kayu
No full text<p><strong>English</strong></p><p>Along with the limited availability of fossil energy, it is necessary to look for other alternative energy sources. Cassava is one of the crops that can be processed into energy sources. This study uses data from the study in 2014. The an alysis results show that cassava farming is generally conducted in dry land. Cassava farming both in Lampung and Central Java is worth the effort. Technical constraints encountered consist ofdeclining soil fertility, land competition with other food crops, cropping patterns and low productivity. Socio - economic constraints include limited capital, fluctuating cassava price, high cost of farming, and lack of marketing. Development of bioethanol made from cassava is carried out by private companies in Central Java and Lampung is still limited. To produce ethanol from cassava, some obstacles encountered are technology for bioethanol production, continuity of raw materials, competition between food/tapioca and bioethanol processing, and cassava price is less comp etitive for bioethanol production. Policies for developing cassava raw materials to support bioethanol production are: (a) increased productivity, (b) planted area expansion, (c) sufficient production volume, and (d) institutional development and financing . Cassava production expansion may utilize those agricultural land of PT Perhutani/I nhutani (state - own forestry company), fallow land, and partnerships with the private sector. </p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesia</strong></p><p>Energi merupakan salah satu kebutuhan dasar untuk menopang keberlangsungan hidup manusia. Seiring dengan makin terbatasnya ketersediaan energi dari fosil, maka perlu dicarikan sumber energi alternatif lain. Ubi kayu merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dapat diolah menjadi sumber energi. Kajian ini menggunakan data hasil kajian tahun 2014, data yang digunakan merupakan data primer dan sekunder. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa usaha tani ubi kayu umumnya dilakukan di lahan kering tegalan. Usaha tani ubi kayu baik di Provinsi Lampung maupun Jawa Tengah cukup layak diusahakan. Kendala teknis yang dihadapi dapat berupa menurunnya kesuburan lahan, kompetisi lahan dengan tanaman pangan lain, pola tanam belum optimal, dan rendahnya produktivitas. Kendala sosial ekonomi dapat mencakup permodalan yang terbatas, harga ubi kayu yang sering fluktuasi, biaya usaha tani yang tinggi, dan pemasaran yang belum berjalan secara baik termasuk dengan sistem kemitraan. Pengembangan bioetanol berbahan baku ubi kayu masih terbatas dilakukan oleh perusahaan swasta baik di Jawa Tengah maupun Lampung. Untuk memproduksi bioetanol dari ubi kayu, terdapat beberapa kendala yang dihadapi antara lain: kontinuitas bahan baku, persaingan bahan baku antara penggunaan untuk pangan/tapioka dan sebagai bahan baku bioetanol, dan harga ubi kayu yang terus meningkat yang dirasakan menjadi kurang kompetitif untuk produksi bioetanol. Kebijakan dalam rangka pengembangan bahan baku ubi kayu untuk mendukung produksi bioetanol dapat ditempuh melalui peningkatan produktivitas, perluasan areal tanam, pengamanan produksi, dan pengembangan kelembagaan dan pembiayaan. Untuk penyediaan bahan baku bioetanol, usaha tani ubi kayu membutuhkan lahan yang luas. Perluasan pertanaman dapat diarahkan pada areal baru (perluasan), dan dengan memanfaatkan areal PT Perhutani/Inhutani, lahan tidur/terlantar, dan kemitraan dengan swasta. Hal penting lainnya dalam pengembangan bioenergi adalah komitmen pemerintah dan sinergi antarinstansi dalam kebijakan atau program bioenergi.</p></jats:p
ANALISIS PERKEMBANGAN HARGA DAN RANTAI PASOK KOMODITAS GABAH/BERAS DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR
Get PDFBeras memiliki peran yang strategis dalam memantapkan ketahanan pangan, ketahanan ekonomi dan stabilitas politik nasional. Permasalahan pokok yang dihadapi dalam agribisnis beras secara umum adalah dalam hal penanganan panen dan pascapanen padi dan dalam hal rantai pasok beras. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, maka kajian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menganalisis dinamika harga gabah/beras di lokasi kajian; (2) Menganalisis kinerja rantai pasok komoditas gabah/beras; dan (3) Menganalisis pembentukan harga beras pada level kelembagaan rantai pasok beras yang terlibat di dalamnya. Kajian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2018 di Kabupaten Sidoarjo dan Lamongan Provinsi Jawa Timur. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa: (1) Harga gabah (GKP) di lokasi kajian Kabupaten Jawa Timur mengalami peningkatan selama tahun 2017, yaitu dari bulan Januari hingga Desember 2017. Harga gabah cenderung rendah pada bulan-bulan panen seperti bulan Pebruari-April 2017 (panen MH 2016/2017), dan harga gabah meningkat ketika supplynya menurun yaitu mulai tanam MKI. Selanjutnya harga gabah menurun kembali ketika panen MK I sekitar bulan Juli-Agustus. Untuk harga beras, selama tahun 2017 meningkat tipis sekitar 1,03 %/bulan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun harga gabah relatif lebih besar, namun karena keberhasilan produksinya maka ketersediaan beras masih memadai. Akibatnya harga beras hanya mengalami peningkatan yang tipis selama bulan-bulan pada tahun 2017 tersebut; (2) Rantai pasok pasar disusun oleh sejumlah entitas yang saling berinteraksi melalui pola interaksi yang khas sesuai dengan struktur yang terbentuk. Pada lokasi penelitian, berbagai kelembagaan yang terlibat dalam rantai pasok komoditas gabah/beras setelah dari petani adalah: pedagang pengumpul, penggilingan/RMU, pedagang pasar lokal dan pengecer beras; serta (3) Pembentukan harga gabah di tingkat petani dipengaruhi oleh: (a) Pola musim panen atau paceklik serta awal panen atau akhir panen, (b) biaya usahatani, (c) keberhasilan panen (volume panen) dan kualitas gabah yang dijual. Adapun pembentukan harga beras di tingkat penggilingan beras dipengaruhi oleh: (a) volume beras yang diserap saat panen atau paceklik, (b) tujuan pemasaran, (c) kualitas beras, dan (d) pengaruh harga BULOG, yakni saat membeli gabah atau membeli beras. Sementara pembentukan harga beras di tingkat pedagang eceran/agen beras di pasar lokal dipengaruhi oleh: (a) volume beras yang diserap pedagang saat panen atau paceklik, (b) kualitas beras, (c) pengaruh harga saat BULOG melakukan operasi pasar, dan (d) permintaan serta preferensi konsumen terhadap beras yang dibeli
ANALISIS DAYA SAING USAHATANI JAGUNG DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Get PDFProvinsi Lampung merupakan salah satu sentra produksi jagung nasional. Seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan jagung, maka tantangan peningkatan produksi domestik semakin terus ditingkatkan. Oleh karena itu, informasi mengenai potensi produksi jagung, usahatani dan daya saingnya sangat diperlukan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi produksi jagung di Provinsi Lampung, profitabilitas usahatani, serta menganalisis daya saing dan upaya peningkatannya. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari data struktur ongkos usahatani jagung (BPS) 2014/2015, serta informasi dari hasil penelitian tahun 2016. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Produksi jagung di Provinsi Lampung mencapai 1,50 juta ton (2015), dengan tingkat keuntungan usahatani yang dihasilkan berdasarkan harga private sebesar Rp 3,62 juta/ha dan berdasarkan harga sosial sebesar Rp 5,73 juta/ha, (2) Usahatani jagung di Provinsi Lampung memiliki daya saing yang baik, hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai koefisien DRCR sebesar 0,53 dan nilai PCR 0,64, dan (3) Dengan demikian, usahatani jagung juga efisien secara ekonomi dan finansial atau memiliki keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis ini, maka produksi yang dihasilkan di wilayah ini tentu tidak hanya untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan jagung dalam negeri (substitusi impor), tetapi juga berpeluang untuk diekspor atau perdagangan antar daerah. Dalam rangka meningkatkan produksi jagung, diperlukan upaya-upaya yang dapat meningkatkan daya saing di tingkat usahatani seperti: dukungan varietas unggul hibrida yang semakin ditingkatkan dengan penerapan teknologi budidaya spesifik lokasi, permodalan, sarana dan prasarana pendukung usahatani dan peningkatan nilai tambah di tingkat petani sehingga arahnya tidak hanya menjual jagung asalan namun bisa dijual dalam bentuk olahan
PENDUGAAN ELASTISITAS PENAWARAN OUTPUT DAN PERMINTAAN INPUT USAHATANI JAGUNG
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the effect of changes in output and input prices, corn research expenditures and road infrastructure on output supply and input demand for corn in the Province of East Java and West Java. The data that are analyzed are those of structure of costs of corn farming in the Province of East Java and West Java in 1985-2009. Estimation model employed is the method of Seemingly Unrelated Regression. The results showed that the output supply of corn both in the province of East Java and West Java are elastic to its price changes, however it is inelastic to the price changes of: seed, urea, TSP and labor. Input demand of seed, urea, TSP and labor area inelastic to their price changes. Policy implications of this research is efforts to increase the supply of corn can be carried out by increasing its price, expenditures of corn research, and road infrastructure
POLA DISTRIBUSI KOMODITAS KENTANG DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG, JAWA BARAT
Get PDFThe study was conducted in Bandung District, West Java on 2005. Primary data were collected through interview with potato’s farmers (who grow Granola variety and Atlantic variety) and potato’s trader. Method of analysis is quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results of the study are as follow: (1) There are two kinds of marketing pattern of potato in West Java: (a) Marketing pattern of Granola variety which is distributed to several market especially central market. Majority of Granola variety is for household consumption; and (b) Partnership pattern between farmer’s group or farmers with PT Indofood FM for Atlantic variety. Most of this variety is used as a raw material for food processing industries; (2) Most of potato’s farmers sell their product to village collectors, and potato’s farmers who have large scale of potato’s farm can directly sell to district traders and central market. (3) Atlantic variety were distributed through Farmer’s Group to Partner Company
PENDUGAAN ELASTISITAS PENAWARAN OUTPUT DAN PERMINTAAN INPUT USAHATANI JAGUNG
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the effect of changes in output and input prices, corn research expenditures and road infrastructure on output supply and input demand for corn in the Province of East Java and West Java. The data that are analyzed are those of structure of costs of corn farming in the Province of East Java and West Java in 1985-2009. Estimation model employed is the method of Seemingly Unrelated Regression. The results showed that the output supply of corn both in the province of East Java and West Java are elastic to its price changes, however it is inelastic to the price changes of: seed, urea, TSP and labor. Input demand of seed, urea, TSP and labor area inelastic to their price changes. Policy implications of this research is efforts to increase the supply of corn can be carried out by increasing its price, expenditures of corn research, and road infrastructure.</jats:p
Analisis Permintaan Dan Penawaran Komoditas Kedelai di Indonesia
Get PDFThe development of the food industry and animal feed made from soybeans , coupled with population growth resulted in soybean demand in Indonesia has increased. However , domestic production capabilities have not been able to meet demand. Therefore, meeting the needs of domestic soybean imports have been made. The occurrence of gaps and needs soybean production should be a concern of various parties to improve the national soybean production. This study aims to estimate the parameters of the variables that affect the demand and supply of soybeans, projections of demand and supply, and analyze the prospects for supply to meet the demand of soybean. Data used in this study consisted of primary and secondary data. Secondary data aggregated time series over the period 1985-2011. The analysis method used is quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitative analysis was performed with the estimated econometric model of supply and demand (system of simultaneous equations ). The results of the study showed that soybean demand is influenced by soybean prices, commodity prices competitors, population, income per capita, and the lag demand. Soybean prices have a significant effect on the demand for soybeans. Supply is affected by soybean production, imports and other ( waste and the need for other use ). Based on the data of projected deficit turned out to soybean production remained high until 2025. To cover the deficit, the soybean imports remains high . For that, we need a breakthrough policy related to the increase in the national soybean production through improved farming technology and the expansion of planting area . Keywords: soybean, demand, supply, simultaneous equations
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