24 research outputs found
Kosmologi Ikhwan al-Shafa’
Get PDFThis article is an attempt to examine and restructurize Ikhwan al-Shafa’s cosmological views. People’s perception of nature developing in the 10th century was that the nature was viewed in a more holistic approach. Nature is perceived as spiritualmetaphysic and material entity. This kind of approach is relevant to the current context after for centuries modern science, especially modern cosmological concept, has neglected spiritual-metaphysical dimension of the nature, and has only recognized the physical-material dimension of the nature. Therefore, over centuries teh meaning of nature has been reduced and this has led to inappropriate treatment toward nature. The author argues that the current perception of nature which neglects spiritual dimension has led to global environment crisis. Therefore, the holistic Ikhwan al-Shafa’s cosmological perspective is worth and relevant to current needs of humankind. Kata Kunci: Ikhwan al-Shafa’, cosmology, spiritual structure, material structure, universal active intellect
Islamic eco-cosmology in Ikhwan al-Safa’s view
No full textThis research aims to describe the root cause of ecological crisis happening atthe moment in terms of the cosmological-metaphysical views, by doing researchon the thoughts of a classical Muslim philosophical scientist group in 10th centuryAD called Ikhwan al-Safa’. To the author, Ikhwan al-Safa’ has a clear idea inviewing the universe holistically and intact as it is. Actually, this non-reductiveview was the typical main feature of medieval Islamic classical thought. However,the main reason of choosing the works of Ikhwan al-Safa’, especially their magnumopus Rasa>’il Ikhwa>n al-S{afa’> , in the research is that Ikhwan al-Safa’ has puta lot of attention on the “wisdom of universe” in the ontological and epistemologicalstructure of knowledge that were developed in their work. With the mainconcepts such Love of Universe and Soul of Universe, Ikhwan al-Safa’ have givena holistic vision about the wisdom of the universe and the wisdom of the environmentitself.Pengkajian dalam artikel ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan akar masalah terjadinyakrisis ekologi yang terjadi saat ini dengan berangkat dari titik pijak berdasarkanperspektif kosmologis-metafisik. Yakni dengan melakukan penelitian terhadappemikiran kosmologi kelompok keilmuan-filosofis muslim klasik abad ke-10 Myang bernama Ikhwan al-Safa’. Bagi penulis, Ikhwan al-Safa’ memiliki pemikiranyang jernih dalam melihat alam semesta. Yakni melihat alam secara holistik dan utuh sebagaimana adanya. Sebenarnya pandangan khas yang non-reduktif inimenjadi ciri utama pemikiran klasik Islam abad pertengahan. Namun pemilihanpenelitian terhadap pemikiran Ikhwan al-Safa’ –terutama dalam karya magnumopusnyaRasa>’il Ikhwa>n al-S{afa>’ ini, lebih disebabkan karena kelompok ini bagipenulis, telah menaruh perhatian yang sangat kuat terhadap “kearifan alam”dalam struktur ontologis dan epistemologis keilmuan yang dikembangkan dalamkarya mereka. Dengan menguraikan beberapa konsep utama dalam kosmologiIkhwan al-Safa’, seperti alam sebagai sebuah kesatuan, jiwa semesta, dan cintasemesta, kita akan melihat bagaimana Ikhwan al-Safa’ memberikan sebuah visiholistik mengenai kearifan alam semesta dan kearifan lingkungan itu sendiri
Abelmoschus esculentus facial mask / Muhammad Aidil Ikhwan Kamarudin, Mohamad Syamil Mohd Nor and Mohammad Hafis Ayob
Get PDFAbelmoschus esculentus pod contains polyphenolic compounds, carotene, folic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, oxalic acid, and amino acids. Abelmoschus esculentus seed contain polyphenolic compounds, mainly oligomeric catechins and flavanols derivatives, protein (i.e., high lysine levels), and oil fraction (in particular, its derived oil is rich in palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids). This study aimed to formulate a sheet mask of Lady Finger extract, and examined its moisturizing effect on volunteers' skin. This was the new innovation, which build the new beauty treatment product using Abelmoschus esculentus. Abelmoschus esculentus was combined with the cold powder using the method that was stated by the author. There have many benefits of Abelmoschus esculentus in the beauty treatment product as stated by the author in the journal below. Abelmoschus esculentus are suitable to be the main ingredient due to the benefit that has been stated by the author in the journal
Rasionalitas tafsir The Message Of The Quran karya Muhammad Asad: Analisis ayat-ayat mukjizat
Get PDFINDONESIA :
Khawariqul ‘Adah atau diistilahkan dengan peristiwa luar biasa yang Allah anugerahkan kepada para nabisebagai bukti kenabiannya di hadapan umatnya pada waktu nabi di utus. Sesuatu yang diluar nalar atau irasonal (tidak masuk akal), atau khawariqul ‘adah. Seperti halnya Nabi Ibrahim A.s yang tidak terluka sama sekali oleh api ketika dibakar oleh kaumnya dan Nabi Isa As. Yang bisa menghidupkan orang mati, atau ketika Nabi Musa A.s membelah lautan dengan tongkatnya saat di kejar oleh Fir’aun dan pasukannya, dan masih banyak lagi nabi-nabi lain yang mendapatkan mukjizat dari Allah Swt. di satu sisi mukjizat itu adalah kejadian di luar nalar akan tetapi ada mufassir yang mencoba merasionalkan ayat-ayat mukjizat para nabi agar bisa dipahami akal, seperti apa yang dikemukaan oleh Muhammad Asad, bahwa kejadian luar biasa pada masa lalu ( mukjizat) yang dialami oleh para nabi, zaman sekarang harus bisa dipahami secara rasional.
Di dalam penelitian tesis ini memakai analisis-deskriftif yang berkaitan dengan pendapat penafsiran Muhammad Asad mengenai ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan mukjizat para nabi di dalam al-Qur’an, langkah yang diambil oleh penulis di dalam proses pengumpulan data adalah dengan mencari kata mukjizat dalam al-Qu’ran, seterusnya menncoba melihat pembahasan mukjizat para nabi dalam al-Qur’an, kemudian langkah selanjutnya adalah mencoba menganaslisis penafsiran Muhammad Asad dan membandingkan dengan penafsiran-penafsiran yang sudah ada baik penafsiran sebelum Muhammad Asad atau penafsiran setelah Muhammad Asad.
Semua ayat yang berkaitan dengan kejadian luar biasa, yang menimpa para nabi. Muhammad Asad terkadang merujuk pada penafsiran-penafsiran sebelum dirinya yang sependapat dengan penafsirannya, mengutif dari Bibel, mencari makna kata dll, agar penafsirannya rasional.
Muhammad Asad, dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat alqur’an mengenai mukjizat para nabi, menggunakan pendekatan ilmiah yaitu peristiwa-peristiwa alam dan banyak juga menggunakan bentuk-bentuk penafsiran alegoris. Sehingga muncul sebuah penafsiran yang rasional.
ENGLISH :
Khawariqul 'Adah or it is termed an extraordinary event that Allah gave to the prophets as proof of his prophethood before his people when the prophet was sent. Something that is beyond reason or irrational (does not make sense), or khawariqul 'adah. Like Prophet Ibrahim A.s, who was not injured at all by fire when burned by his people and Prophet Isa As. Who can bring the dead to life, or when the Prophet Musa A.s split the sea with his staff while being chased by Fir'awn and his troops, and many other prophets who received miracles from Allah SWT. on the one hand the miracle is an unreasonable incident but there are commentators who try to rationalize the miracle verses of the prophets so that reason can be understood, like what Muhammad Asad disclosed, that extraordinary events in the past (miracles) were experienced by the prophet, today must be understood rationally.
In this thesis research, using descriptive analysis related to Muhammad Asad's interpretation of the verses related to the miracles of the prophets in the Koran, the steps taken by the author in the data collection process were to look for the word miracle in al-Qu'ran, then tries to look at the discussion of miracles of the prophets in the Koran, then the next step is to try to analyze Muhammad Asad's interpretation and compare it with existing interpretations, either pre-Muhammad Asad or after Muhammad Asad.
All the verses relate to the extraordinary events that befell the prophets. Muhammad Asad sometimes refers to his prior interpretations that agree with his interpretation, curse from the Bible, look for the meaning of words etc., so that the interpretation is rational.
Muhammad Asad in interpreting the verses of the alquran regarding the miracles of the prophets, used a scientific approach, namely natural events and also used many forms of allegorical interpretation.
ARAB :
خوارق اعادة أو ما يسمى بحدث غير عادي أعطاه الله للأنبياء كدليل على نبوته على قومه عند إرسال النبي. ما هو فوق العقل أو غير منطقي ، أو خوارق الصلاة. مثل النبي إبراهيم عليه السلام ، الذي لم يصب إطلاقاً بنيران أحرقه قومه ونبيه عيسى عليه السلام من يستطيع إحياء الموتى ، أو عندما شق النبي موسى البحر بعصاه أثناء مطاردته من قبل فرعون وجنوده ، والعديد من الأنبياء الآخرين الذين تلقوا المعجزات من الله سبحانه وتعالى. من ناحية ، المعجزة حادثة غير معقولة ، لكن هناك مفسرين يحاولون تبرير آيات
معجزات الأنبياء بحيث يمكن فهم العقل ، مثل ما كشفه محمد أسد ، تلك الأحداث غير العادية في الماضي (المعجزات) التي مرت بها. الأنبياء اليوم يجب فهمهم بعقلانية.
يستخدم البحث في هذه الرسالة التحليل الوصفي المتعلق بتفسير محمد أسد للآيات المتعلقة بإعجاز الأنبياء في القرآن ، والخطوات التي اتخذها المؤلف في عملية جمع البيانات هي البحث عن كلمة معجزة في ثم يحاول القرآن أن ينظر في مناقشة معجزات الأنبياء في القرآن ، ثم الخطوة التالية هي محاولة تحليل تفسير محمد أسد ومقارنته بالتفسيرات الموجودة ، سواء قبل محمد الأسد أو بعد محمد أسد.
كل الآيات تتعلق بالأحداث غير العادية التي حلت بالأنبياء. يشير محمد أسد أحيانًا إلى تفسيراته السابقة التي تتفق مع التفسير ، ويلعن من الكتاب المقدس ، ويبحث عن معنى الكلمات ، وما إلى ذلك ، حتى يكون التفسير عقلانيًا.
استخدم محمد أسد في تفسير آيات القرآن الخاصة بمعجزات الأنبياء منهجًا علميًا ، أي الأحداث الطبيعية ، كما استخدم العديد من أشكال التفسير المجازي
Pengembangan Teori Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Muhammad Jawwad Ridla (Religius Konservatif, Religius Rasional, Pragmatis Instrumental)
Get PDFAbstract: Development of Islamic Education Theory Perspective of Muhammad Jawwad Ridla (Conservative Religious, Rational Religious, Pragmatic Instrumental) This article discusses the study of the theory of Islamic education in the perspective of Muhammad Jawwad Ridla with six theories of Islamic Education built by Jawwad Ridla and Analysis of Jawwad Ridla concerning the three schools of Islamic education philosophy with the main characters who tend to these schools. The method of writing scientific papers uses library research. Namely, the author looks for data sources by prioritizing concepts and theories that refer to writing literature related to the specific research theme. The approach to writing scientific papers uses a philosophical approach. The results of this study are 1) The theory of Islamic education built by Muhammad Jawwad Ridla has several aspects, among them are the Concept of Teaching / Learning, Psychological Basics of the learning process, Understanding of student subjects, teaching methods, Teaching (teachers) and preparing individuals to participate active in the economic life of the community. 2) Muhammad Jawwad Ridla classifies the three main schools of Islamic education philosophy: 1) Conservative Religious Flow which is only covered by religious teachings. The main figures in this school are al-Ghazali, 2) Religious-rational, Ikhwan al-Shafa considers all disciplines as important with the flow they adhere to, 3) Pragmatic instrumentalism, adherents of this sect, Ibn Khaldun. He revealed that education is to gain worldly expertise and ukhrowi, both of which must provide benefits.Abstrak: Pengembangan Teori Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Muhammad Jawwad Ridla (Religius Konservatif, Religius Rasional, Pragmatis Instrumental). Artikel ini membahas tentang kajian teori pendidikan Islam dalam perspektif Muhammad Jawwad Ridla dengan enam teori Pendidikan Islam yang dibangun oleh Jawwad Ridla dan Analisis Jawwad Ridla mengenai tiga aliran filsafat pendidikan Islam dengan tokoh utama yang berkecenderungan ke aliran-aliran tersebut. Metode penelitian karya ilmiah ini menggunakan kajian pustaka (library research). Yaitu penulis mencari sumber data dengan mengedepankan konsep dan teori yang mengacu pada literatur-literatur kepenulisan terkait dengan tema penelitian secara spesifik. Adapun pendekatan penulisan karya ilmiah ini menggunakan pendekatan filosofis. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu 1) Teori pendidikan Islam yang dibangun oleh Muhammad Jawwad Ridla terdapat beberapa aspek yaitu diantaranya adalah Konsep Pengajaran/Pembelajaran, Dasar-dasar psikologis proses pembelajaran, Pemahaman tentang subjek didik, metode pengajaran, Ppengajaran (guru) dan penyiapan individu untuk berpartisipasi aktif dalam kehidupan ekonomi masyarakat. 2) Muhammad Jawwad Ridla mengklasifikasikan tiga aliran utama filsafat pendidikan Islam : 1) Aliran Religius Konservatif yang hanya dilingkupkan pada ajaran keagamaan saja. Tokoh utama pada aliran ini yakni al-Ghazali, 2) Religius-rasional, Ikhwan al-Shafa menganggap semua disiplin ilmu adalah penting dengan aliran yang dianutnya, 3) Aliran pragmatis instrumental, penganut aliran ini yakni Ibnu Khaldun. Beliau mengungkapkan pendidikan adalah untuk mendapatkan keahlian duniawi dan ukhrowi, keduanya harus memberikan keuntungan.
Astrology in literature: how the prohibited became permissible in the Arabic poetry of the mediaeval period
Get PDFThis thesis is concerned to position the art of astrology within the context of classical Arabic poetry, primarily by investigating and elucidating attitudes to the notion of
qadar (fate) and the ideology in which it was embedded. These attitudes were revelatory of the broader world view of the Arabs of those periods, and their shifts from those held in the pre-Islamic and early Islamic eras tell us a good deal about the importance given to the nature and role of fate and about the various understandings of its influence. The pre-Islamic Arab's notion of qadar was in some ways similar to that of the early Muslims: both emphasised predetermination and the irresistible power of fate. But while the jahilf (Pre-Islamic) Arabs identified fate with the malign power of dahr (Time), the Muslims believed the power of fate lies in the hands of God the
Omnipotent, who alone is responsible for the fate of the whole universe. Thus the astrology of the pre-Islamic era was one aspect of divination (kihana) and claimed to be
able to reveal in advance an individual's destiny, which could be avoided by taking certain precautions. These precautions, however, were considered effective only in
relatively trivial cases; they were useless in the areas of major impact: a person's happiness or misery (shaqiiwa aw sa ada), sustenance (rizq) and one's term (ajal), the
three inevitable and irresistible manifestations of fate. In the Islamic period not only these major aspects of life are governed and controlled by the Omnipotent; the destiny
of the universe, in even its most minute details, is determined and controlled by God alone. Astrology was considered to be of no value whatsoever, and its practitioners were subject to the death penalty. These two irreconcilable views are evident in early Islamic poetry, which reflected clearly the response of poets, and society, to astrology from the perspective of qadar.
When the orthodox caliphate was replaced by dynastic rule the status of astrology was changed dramatically. The idea that the stars, as indicators, play a role in the life of
human beings found popowerful supporters in some governors of the Islamic world, who allowed astrology to fulfil a public function regardless of the hostility of the official
religion of that society. This social phenomenon generated rich material of a controversial character in the realm of literature. Investigating the factors, motivations
and impact of mediaeval political, theological and philosophical attitudes to astrology, in relation to the notions of free will and predestination, is the concern of this study
Application of repetitive language style in the text of the form 4 novel of Lieutenant Adnan by Abdul Latip Talib
Get PDFThis study aims to explore the application of the repetitive language style found in the novel Lieutenant Adnan by Abdul Latip Talib. The first objective of this study is to identify the application of repetition language style which includes six different types namely anaphora, epiphora, simplok, response, woordopname and parallelism. The second is to identify the application of the most dominant repetitive language style found in the text of this novel. The research methodology involves qualitative research based on text analysis of Lieutenant Adnan's novel by Abdul Latip Talib. This study uses Stylistic Theory based on the views of J.J Webber (1989). The analysis of this study also involves close and careful reading of each word, phrase and sentence to identify the application of repetitive language style found in the text of this novel. The results of the study found that the application of repetitive language style consists of anaphora, epiphora, simplok, response, woordopname and parallelism. The analysis found that the author uses this repetitive language style to emphasize and develop ideas in his writing sentences. In addition, the author of this novel likes to use the language style of anaphora repetition in his writing. The impact is that the application of language style elements in the writing of a novel text is seen to be able to act as an intermediary between the author and the reader to convey thoughts or ideas to be perceived and appreciated more easily and meaningfully in addition to enriching the aesthetic value of language in the writing of a novel text
The Role of the State in the Management of Zakat in Indonesia
Get PDFZakat is one of the pillars of Islam that is implemented based on Islamic law. Zakat is not only considered as a ritual worship, but also a social worship that has political aspects due to the involvement of the state in managing it. Since the time of Prophet Muhammad sallallahu "alaihi wa sallam, zakat management has led to a formal, collective, organized, and permanent structure. Zakat management policy develops dynamically along with the development of Islamic territory, economic progress, and government complexity. Zakat management can be done in various ways, and various countries participate in this. Zakat business in Indonesia has also experienced the same development. Zakat has become an integral part of social life in Indonesia, as a country with the largest Muslim majority in the world. The Indonesian state is not an Islamic or religious state, where Islamic sharia is made the cornerstone of the constitution. Rather, it is a democracy that prioritizes religious values. Zakat is mandatory in countries where Islam is the basis of their constitution. Citizens are required to pay zakat, and negligence will be punished. Zakat is part of the state financial system in these countries; it can even be considered a compulsory tax on Muslims as the country does not impose taxes on Muslims except zakat. The author concentrates on the formulation of the problem, "What is the role of the state in the management of Muslims' zakat in Indonesia?" In this paper, the author concludes that, although the payment of zakat in Indonesia is voluntary, the state does not force its citizens to pay it. Instead, the state has a role in the management of zakat as it relates to the public interest where zakat funds are given to Muslims
