Leading & Enlightening Journal UMY
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Formal vs informal: Public participation in village government development planning in Indonesia — Evidence from Bumiwangi Village
No full textResearch aims: This study examines how public participation is implemented in village development planning and investigates the factors contributing to its limited effectiveness.Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a qualitative case study approach, this research applies Miller et al.’s (2019) framework of participation modes to analyze the operation of formal and informal participatory mechanisms in village governance. Fieldwork was conducted in Bumiwangi Village, West Java, through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and document analysis to assess how participatory practices influence accountability and decision-making.Research findings: The study identifies two interconnected models of public participation. Formal participation occurs through village development planning deliberations (Musrenbangdes), while informal participation takes place in community deliberation forums (rembug warga). Informal participation is characterized by openness, inclusivity, and deliberative dialogue that enables collective problem-solving and meaningful citizen input. In contrast, formal participation is largely dominated by selected representatives and confirmatory communication aligned with the village head’s agenda, resulting in limited citizen influence. Public input is mostly indirect and exercised through informal spaces rather than formal decision-making channels. Two key barriers constrain effective participation: (1) village authorities’ narrow understanding of participation as mere representation, and (2) limited public access to financial and planning information, which restricts informed and critical engagement.Theoretical contribution/Originality: This study extends Miller et al.’s (2019) participation framework to a rural Indonesian context, highlighting the structural weaknesses of formal participatory mechanisms and emphasizing the crucial yet underrecognized role of informal forums in fostering deliberative accountability and social legitimacy.Practitioner/Policy implication: Policymakers should integrate informal participatory forums into formal governance processes, enhance transparency, and expand public access to information to reduce elite dominance and strengthen accountability
Contingency Analysis of Pre- and Post-Privatization of Nigerian Electric Power System Security
No full textThis study evaluates the steady-state contingency performance of the Nigerian 330 kV transmission network before and after the 2013 privatization by reconstructing selected system topologies between 2003 and 2023 and analysing them using Power System Simulator for Engineering (PSSE). During this period, the grid expanded from 24 buses, 37 lines, and 7 generating stations to 52 buses, 84 lines, and 31 stations. Load flow and N-1 contingency simulations were conducted, with contingencies ranked based on thermal overloads, voltage violations, and convergence behaviour. Results show marked improvements in system security, with power-flow violations decreasing from 126 to 21, voltage-limit breaches from 351 to 4, and total violations from 522 to 31, indicating enhanced stability and efficiency in the post-privatization era. Despite these gains, the number of non-convergent cases rose from 4 to 12, reflecting operational challenges associated with network growth. Persistent convergence problems in the Shiroro–Kaduna corridor and new vulnerabilities in the Makurdi–Jos and Jos–Kaduna corridors were identified, while voltage issues in the North-East were linked to the Gombe–Damaturu–Molai lines. A strengthened grid configuration with additional corridors and reactive support is proposed to mitigate the remaining weaknesses and improve overall system robustness
The Philosophy of “Ichigo Ichie” in Japanese and “Urip Iku Urub” in Javanese (A Cognitive Linguistics Study)
Full text linkJapanese and Javanese are languages that are full of philosophy. One of the well-known philosophies in Japanese is “Ichigo ichie” whereas in Javanese there is also a famous philosophy a which is called “Urip” iku urub”. This research aims to understand both philosophies based on cognitive linguistics study. The study sees that language reflects the speaker’s ways of thinking, conceptualizing, and viewing the world. Therefore, a language is not only a means of communication but also a reflection of the user’s life philosophy. In this study, the researchers try to study both philosophies as reflections of both Japanese and Javanese languages’ people. In doing the research, a qualitative method is used. The researchers get the data through library sources in the form of articles, books, and references related with the “Ichigo ichie” and “Urip iku urub” philosophies. Furthermore, the data were also obtained through interviews with informants regarding the implementation of both philosophies in real life. The research has finally found that both philosophies have one similarity. The similarity lies in the form of emphasis on the importance of undergoing a meaningful life. Both philosophies see life as not only a matter of physical existence but also as a precious value to actualize. The research has found that there is a difference between them. The difference is that the Japanese “Ichigo ichie” philosophy focuses more on internal goals that emphasize self -awareness and mental attitude to appreciate every moment, whereas the Javanese philosophy of “Urip iku urub” focuses on the external goal of realizing social welfare by giving benefits to other people. In daily life, “Ichigo ichie” philosophy is realized in the practice of the self-discipline in all aspects of life, a characteristic of Japanese culture. In business field, the “Ichigo ichie” philosophy is manifested in the Japanese’s special characteristic style of hospitality. On the other hand, the implementation of "Urip iku urub" philosophy is focused on the importance of giving benefits to others. This can be seen in various kinds of life activities in Javanese society. Although both philosophies come from two different languages and two long-distance countries, both contain universal values that can be applied by anyone without considering cultural boundaries
Impact of RF Impairments on MIMO Communication Systems: Performance Degradation Due to Thermal Noise, Phase Noise, and Nonlinearity
Full text linkRadio frequency RF impairments, which consist of thermal noise, phase noise, and non-linearity losses in RF transceivers, heavily degrade the performance of multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) communication systems. RF impairments, including thermal noise, phase noise, and non-linearity in transceivers, significantly degrade the performance of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication systems. This study investigates how these impairments affect key performance metrics such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER), and system capacity. Through extensive Python-based simulations, I analyze the degradation caused by RF impairments and evaluate mitigation strategies to enhance system reliability. The findings provide insights into optimizing MIMO system design for improved spectral efficiency and robustness in adverse conditions. This work has very strong improvements with regard to the performance of MIMO communications by mitigating RF impairments, which lower its performance. These key contributions come in the form of 95 Mbps throughput, latency as low as 10 ms, and high spectral efficiency of 7 bps/Hz. Other advanced techniques also achieve high energy efficiency to 4.5 bits/Joule and reduce Error Vector Magnitude to -35 dB, thus showing enhanced signal quality and reliability. Moreover, there is a reduction in the packet loss rate to 0.005% and interference mitigation by 30 dB to ensure performance in adversarial conditions. The impact of thermal noise, phase noise, and non-linearity is quantified in this research, which provides valuable in-sight into the improvement of MIMO system design and mitigation of the RF impair-ments' adverse effects
A Hybrid Archimedes-Black Hole Optimization Algorithm for Trajectory Planning and Controller Design in Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Control Systems
No full textThis paper introduces a novel hybrid framework that merges the Archimedes Optimization Algorithm (AOA) with Black Hole Optimization (BHO) to enhance trajectory planning for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). The proposed approach is compared with established approaches, including Rapidly Exploring Random Trees (RRT) and Artificial Potential Fields (APF), and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control over challenging underwater conditions. This framework is a very good trade-off between energy consumption, smooth path navigation and real-time adaptability by balancing between hydrodynamic-adaptive PID control, which operates on the principle of buoyancy and the mechanics of gravitational collapse, and physics-inspired metaheuristics. The results indicate that energy consumption decreases significantly by 92.3% over RRT, the curvature of the trajectory regularly is less than k<0.15m^(-1), and the computation time is between 22 and 28 milliseconds per step. The thermocline layers maintain depth accuracy of 0.5 meters due to the AOAs effect and the BHO increases the rate of traversal by 28% in open-water operations, which is equivalent to overcoming the long-time problem of coverage versus accuracy. The algorithms have a zero-error convergence in nine benchmark problems of hydrodynamic interest, BHO reducing the variability of solutions by several orders of magnitude over Genetic Algorithms (GA). In addition, this framework can be 40-50 times quicker than Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), stable in currents as great as ‖U‖ ≤ 3.2 m/s, and it reduces the instances of thruster saturation by 63% impressive. These findings indicate that AOA-BHO hybrid is a sound and feasible plan in navigating an AUV. There have been a few examples of simulations and experiments that have demonstrated this, including tests using vortex-field and pipeline inspections
Ultra Petita Practices in Regional Head Election Disputes before the Constitutional Court of Indonesia
No full textThis study examines the tension between legal certainty and substantive justice in regional election disputes in Indonesia, focusing on the Constitutional Court’s application of the ultra petita doctrine. It analyzes how the Court balances procedural law with moral considerations to ensure fair and legitimate electoral outcomes. Using normative legal research, the study applies three approaches: a conceptual approach to explore principles such as ultra petita, procedural justice, and substantive justice; a statutory approach to review relevant laws, including Law No. 10 of 2016 and Constitutional Court Regulation No. 3 of 2024; and a case approach examining key decisions, including No. 41/PHPU.D-VI/2008 and No. 313/PHPU.BUP-XXIII/2025. The findings show that the Court often prioritizes substantive justice over strict legal certainty, particularly in cases involving vote-buying or electoral manipulation. Through ultra petita rulings, the Court addresses legal gaps, safeguards constitutional rights, and upholds democratic integrity. The study concludes that the Constitutional Court has evolved from a guardian of statutory texts into a moral interpreter of the Constitution. To preserve legitimacy and predictability, clearer and proportionate guidelines for exercising ultra petita powers in regional election disputes are recommended
Effect of ZnO-NPs Enhanced Vermicompost (NEV) on the Growth, Leaf Nutrient Content, Yield, and Tomato’s Quality (Solanum lycopersicum)
No full textZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) can be used as nanofertilizers and nanogrowth regulators to enhance plant agronomic performance. Nevertheless, far too little interest has been paid to the impacts of ZnO-NPs integrated with vermicompost in horticultural crop cultivation. This study investigated the effects of ZnO-NP-enhanced vermicompost (NEV) on the growth, leaf nutrient content, yield, and quality of tomato plants. A controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted, in which tomato plants were subjected to various treatments, including application of NEV combined with various doses of ZnO-NPs via direct soil and foliar spray, compared with control, NPK fertilizer, and vermicompost. The results showed that direct soil application of NEV positively affected tomato leaf growth and NPK content. This enhanced nutrient uptake contributed to increased tomato yield. The direct soil application of NEV (ZnO 50 mg kg-1) increased the tomato fruits (315% and 183%) and the fresh weight of tomato fruits (344% and 197%) in comparison to the control and NPK fertilizer. Additionally, the study demonstrated that applying NEV not only increased yield but also increased the vitamin C content of tomatoes. The findings highlight the potential of this innovative agricultural approach as a sustainable means to enhance tomato production
Prevention of Non-procedural Indonesian Migrant Workers in the Riau Islands, Indonesia
No full textThe Riau Islands, as a border region with Malaysia, have become a major transit point for prospective non-procedural Indonesian migrant workers before they are sent to Malaysia. Most non-procedural Indonesian migrant workers come from outside the Riau Islands Province and use two routes: the official route through international ports and the illegal route through unofficial channels. Economic factors and weak oversight in border areas are the main reasons why the Riau Islands have become a transit area. This study aims to analyze inter-agency cooperation in preventing illegal Indonesian migrant workers in the Riau Islands. This study uses a qualitative approach, in which data are obtained from in-depth interviews with BP3MI Riau Islands, Bakamla West Zone, and KKPPMP Batam Riau Islands, as well as from other secondary sources. Using Hasibuan's (2006) coordination theory, this study focuses on four indicators: unity of action, communication, division of labor, and discipline. The results revealed three main challenges. First, unclear regulations, particularly in Law No. 18 of 2017, make the prevention of non-procedural Indonesian migrant workers ambiguous. Second, BP3MI Riau Islands has not established a technical team and maritime fleet to support surveillance. Third, insufficient resources such as personnel, facilities, and budget hinder the effectiveness of cooperation. In conclusion, better coordination between agencies and optimization of resources are needed to strengthen surveillance. Structured cooperation is expected to overcome obstacles and enhance the effectiveness of preventing non-procedural Indonesian migrant workers in the Riau Islands region
Gambling Control by the Jambi City, Indonesia Government from a Good Governance Perspective
No full textThis study analyzes the Jambi City Government's control over gambling practices from the perspective of good governance. The primary focus of this research is to assess the effectiveness of public policies and inter-agency coordination in responding to the evolving dynamics of gambling practices, including the shift toward online gambling. This research employed a qualitative, exploratory approach. The data used were secondary sources from online media, social media platforms, and relevant scientific journals to examine the Jambi City Government's control over gambling practices from a good governance perspective. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively through document processing and review. The findings indicated that the Jambi City Government's control over gambling practices continues to face significant structural challenges. Empirically, this study revealed that institutional fragmentation, overlapping authorities, and limitations in human resources and budget not only restrict the effectiveness of law enforcement operations but also directly weaken the principles of accountability and institutional capacity within good governance. The shift of gambling practices into the online sphere further exacerbates the weaknesses of integrated oversight mechanisms. These findings refine the good governance framework by demonstrating that failures in cross-agency coordination are a key factor hindering transparency, accountability, and the effectiveness of gambling regulation at the local government level
Strategies and Content Themes of Complaint in Indonesian and Japanese Hotel Reviews
No full textThis study aims to examine the similarities and differences in complaint strategies and complaint content among Indonesian and Japanese guests on the Agoda hotel review page. This study employs descriptive qualitative methods to examine the similarities and differences in complaint strategies and complaint content among Indonesian and Japanese guests. The subjects of this study were drawn from 50 Indonesian and 50 Japanese guest reviews of Ibis 3-star hotels under the Accor group in Indonesia and Japan on the Agoda hotel review platform. From 100 negative reviews by Indonesian and Japanese guests, 141 complaint strategies were found. The results show that both Indonesian and Japanese guests most frequently use the Annoyances strategy (Indonesian: 38.5%; Japanese: 44.7%). The difference is that Japanese guests do not use the Explicit Blame (Person) strategy to express complaints on the hotel review page. Both Indonesian and Japanese guests predominantly employ the Annoyances strategy in their Agoda hotel reviews, using a direct approach. Although both employ polite expressions, Japanese guests use them more consistently. Furthermore, Japanese guests do not employ the Explicit Blame (Person) strategy, the most face-threatening approach, suggesting a preference for politeness in online complaints. The complaint content theme of Indonesian guests is mostly about Housekeeping issues (34.2%), whereas Japanese guests predominantly complain about the Physical Characteristics of the hotel (42.5%)