29 research outputs found
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Compared to Other Evidence-Based Mental Health Interventions in Children and Adolescents with Symptoms of Childhood Adversities: A Scoping Review
No full textAims: To assess the relative efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) compared to other proven therapies in improving mental health for children and adolescents affected by childhood trauma.
Methodology: As part of the scoping review, a structured literature search of PubMed, Medline (EBSCO), PsychAPA, CINAHL, and Google Scholar identified studies published from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2024, on evidence-based mental health interventions for minors experiencing trauma. English-language studies on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or related interventions, either standalone or integrated, were included. Duplicates were removed, and references were reviewed for completeness. Data extracted included author, year, intervention type, therapy level, age group, and summarized findings. Eligible publication types were research articles, peer-reviewed articles, and systematically curated reviews.
Results: The review synthesized findings from 26 studies published between 2022 and 2024, concentrating on therapeutic interventions for children and adolescents who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) was identified as the most efficacious intervention, demonstrating robust effectiveness in alleviating symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression across a range of clinical settings. The reviewed studies utilized diverse methodological approaches and predominantly focused on PTSD, anxiety, and depressive disorders, with a subset addressing substance use disorders, bereavement, and interpersonal functioning. Notably, the review highlighted significant gaps in the literature regarding the exploration of broader psychological outcomes and the efficacy of interventions beyond TF-CBT.
Conclusion: Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) stands out as the most effective treatment for enhancing mental health in children and adolescents experiencing trauma-related symptoms. Modifications of CBT and combined approaches, such as psychoeducation and family-oriented strategies, also play a significant role in diminishing post-traumatic stress symptoms and boosting resilience
C6H5NH2 effect on the corrosion inhibition of aluminium in 0.5 M HCl
No full textIn this paper, C6H6NH2 (aniline) effect on the corrosion of aluminium in 0.5 M (i.e. mol/L) HCl medium was studied using gravimetric method by weight loss measurements and electrochemical technique of corrosion potential and potentiodynamic polarization by cyclic voltamery (CV) instrumentation. By these techniques, corrosion rate obtained from aluminium specimens, in 0.5 HCl test-solution having different concentrations of the hydrogen-containing C6H6NH2 chemical, were requisitely analysed. Results showed that the potentiodynamic corrosion rate excellently correlated (R = 98.94%, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency = 97.89% and ANOVA p-value = 0.0314) with function of the gravimetric corrosion rate and C6H5NH2 concentration. Both experimental and correlated prediction models identified 0.043 mol/L C6H5NH2 with optimal inhibition efficiency performance η = 84.11% by the experimental or η = 81.15% by the predicted models. Fittings of experimental and correlated data showed the data models followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm from which favourable adsorption and prevalent physisorption were indicated as the C6H5NH2 corrosion-protection on aluminium metal in the 0.5 M HCl medium
Randomization of vaginal and sublingual misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction
No full textBackground: Planned induction of labor for various indications has become an established part of modern Obstetric practice. While the efficacy of misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog as a cervical ripening labor induction agent has been established, the appropriate route and dosage are still objected to ongoing research.Objective: This study aims at comparing the efficacy of vaginally administered with sublingual misoprostol for cervical ripening and labor induction.Methodology: One hundred (100) pregnant women at term who fulfill the inclusion criteria were equally randomized into the two arms of the study to receive either 25 μg of misoprostol sublingually or 25μg vaginally. The induction delivery interval and fetal outcomes were compared in the two arms of the study.Results: The vaginal group required more doses of misoprostol than the sublingual group (1.68 ± 0.74 versus 1.26 ± 0.44, P = 0.005). Time from the administration of the first dose of misoprostol to the achievement of a Bishop score of 7 or active phase labor was shorter in the sublingual group than the vaginal route group (5.04 ± 1.77 hours versus 6.32 ± 1.36 hours, P = 0.001). Induction‑delivery interval was shorter in the sublingual group than the vaginal route (10.02 ± 2.37 hours versus 11.12 ± 3.97 hours) although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.098). The mean Apgar scores at 1 min and 5 min were slightly better in the vaginal group than the sublingual group but the difference did not assume statisticalsignificance (Apgar scores at 1 minute: 7.62 ± 0.83 versus 7.72 ± 0.88, at 5 minutes: 8.94 ± 1.23 versus 9.22 ± 0.46 for the sublingual versus the vaginal group, respectively, P = 0.561).Conclusions: The two routes of sublingual and vaginal administration showed comparable safety and effectiveness for cervical ripening and induction of labor in low‑risk pregnancies at term. However, the sublingual route appears to be superior in terms of easy administration and patients’ satisfaction.
Key words: Cervical ripening; misoprostol; routes
Biochemical and genetic analysis of Ecm14, a conserved fungal pseudopeptidase
No full text© 2020, The Author(s). Background: Like most major enzyme families, the M14 family of metallocarboxypeptidases (MCPs) contains a number of pseudoenzymes predicted to lack enzyme activity and with poorly characterized molecular function. The genome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes one member of the M14 MCP family, a pseudoenzyme named Ecm14 proposed to function in the extracellular matrix. In order to better understand the function of such pseudoenzymes, we studied the structure and function of Ecm14 in S. cerevisiae. Results: A phylogenetic analysis of Ecm14 in fungi found it to be conserved throughout the ascomycete phylum, with a group of related pseudoenzymes found in basidiomycetes. To investigate the structure and function of this conserved protein, His6-tagged Ecm14 was overexpressed in Sf9 cells and purified. The prodomain of Ecm14 was cleaved in vivo and in vitro by endopeptidases, suggesting an activation mechanism; however, no activity was detectable using standard carboxypeptidase substrates. In order to determine the function of Ecm14 using an unbiased screen, we undertook a synthetic lethal assay. Upon screening approximately 27,000 yeast colonies, twenty-two putative synthetic lethal clones were identified. Further analysis showed many to be synthetic lethal with auxotrophic marker genes and requiring multiple mutations, suggesting that there are few, if any, single S. cerevisiae genes that present synthetic lethal interactions with ecm14Δ. Conclusions: We show in this study that Ecm14, although lacking detectable enzyme activity, is a conserved carboxypeptidase-like protein that is secreted from cells and is processed to a mature form by the action of an endopeptidase. Our study and datasets from other recent large-scale screens suggest a role for Ecm14 in processes such as vesicle-mediated transport and aggregate invasion, a fungal process that has been selected against in modern laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae
Genome Wide Analysis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Reveal Leukemia Specific Methylome and Subtype Specific Hypomethylation of Repeats
No full textPMCID: PMC3315563This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Engendering agricultural research
No full textThis paper makes a case for gender equity in the agricultural R&D system. It reviews the evidence on exactly why it is important to pay attention to gender issues in agriculture and why it is necessary to recognize women�s distinct food-security roles throughout the entire value chain�for both food and nonfood crops, marketed and nonmarketed commodities. The authors examine whether women are factored into the work of research institutions, and whether research institutions effectively focus on women�s needs. In short, are these institutions conducting research by and for women? The paper�s conceptual framework demonstrates the need to integrate gender into setting agricultural priorities; conducting the research itself; designing, implementing, and adopting extension services; and evaluating their impacts. It concludes with recommendations regarding how to make these suggested changes.Agriculture, extension services, Gender equity, nonmarket commodities, Priority setting, R&D, value chains,
Discourse Pattern, Contexts and Pragmatic Strategies of Selected Fraud Spam
No full textThe thrust of this paper is the pragmatic investigation of fraud spam, the unwanted emails containing the strategic use of language with the intention to swindle money from the recipients. Sixty (60) English medium email samples were collected from the author of the present paper’s email spam between July 2017 and February 2018 in Nigeria. These were analysed using Halliday and Hasan’s Generic Structure Potential and an aspect of Fetzer’s cognitive context model. The study identified six discourse patterns: salutation, discourse initiation, enticing information, mild conscription into business, request and subscription; orienting to contexts of business and religion; manifesting pragmatic strategies of adversatives, evocation of business idea, evocation of religious affinity and evocation of messianic figure. The study, therefore, concludes that cyber-fraudsters deploy similarly familiar patterns and contexts evincing strategic persuasive language to defraud their prospective victims. Significantly, the study complements existing literature on fraud discourse in linguistic [email protected] Opeyemi Olajimbiti (PhD) teaches in Elizade University, Ilara Mokin, Ondo State. He is a member of English Scholars’ Association of Nigeria (ESAN) and Nigerian Pragmatics Association (NPrA). He specialises in the representation of children in the media. His research interests cover semantics, pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and stylistics.Elizade University, NigeriaBarron, Anne. 2006. Understanding spam: a macro-textual analysis. Journal of Pragmatics 38(6), 880-904.Behnam, Biook, Azabdaftari, Behrooz, Hosseini, Ali. 2011. A critical analysis of financial fraud spam in English in terms of persuasive strategies: personalization, presupposition, and lexical choices. Journal of English Studies: Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch 1(4), 15-26.Blommaert, Janson. 2005. Making millions. English, indexicality and fraud. Working Papers in Urban Language & Literacies 29, 1-24.Chiluwa, Innocent. 2009. The discourse of digital deceptions and “419” emails. Discourse Studies 11 (6), 635-660.Chiluwa, Innocent. 2010. The pragmatics of hoax email business proposals. Linguistik Online 43(3), 32-48.Chiluwa, Innocent. 2013. Email fraud. International Encyclopedia of Language and Social Interaction. Wiley Blackwell & International Communication Association (ICA).Dechow, Patricia, M. 2011. Predicting material accounting misstatements. In: Contemporary Accounting Research 28, 17–82.Fadipe-Joseph, Olubunmi, A., Titiloye, Emmanuel, O. 2012. Application of continued fractions in controlling bank fraud, International Journal of Business and Social Science 3(9), 210-213.Fetzer, Anita. 2007. Recontextualising Context. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Halliday, Michael, A.K., Hasan, Ruqaiya. 1985. Language, Context and Text: Aspects of Language in Social-semiotic Perspective. Oxford: OUP.Heyd, Theresa. 2008. Email Hoaxes. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Hua, Tan, K., Abdollahi-Guilani, Mohammad, Zi, Chen, C. 2017. Linguistic deception of Chinese cyber fraudsters. The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies 23 (3), 108-122.Idowu, Abiola. 2009. An assessment of fraud and its management in Nigeria commercial banks. European Journal of Social Sciences 10(4), 628-640.Kerremans, Koen, K., Tang, Yan, Temmenman, Rita, Zhao, Gang. 2005. Towards ontology-based e-mail fraud detection (August, 2005). http://antiplushing.org/APWGplushingactivityReportAugust2005pdf.Lan, Li. 2002. Email – a challenge to standard English? English Today 16 (4), 23-29.Leap, Terry. 2007. The Dynamics of White-collar Crime Ithaca. NY: Cornell University press.Odebunmi, Akinola. 2007. Explicatures and implicatures in News magazine editorials: the case of the Nigerian Tell. Perspective on media discourse. Rotimi. Taiwo, Akinola. Odebunmi and Akin. Adetunji. (eds.), 84-99.Orasan, Constantin, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh. 2002. A corpus-based investigation of junk mails. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation, 29–31 May, Las Palmas, Spain, Retrieved from: http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/papers/orasan-02b.Ong, Walter, J. 1981. Fighting for life: contest, sexuality, and consciousness. Ithaca: Cornell University Press; Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.Polick M.Y. 2006. What is fraud? available at http://www.wisegeek.com.Runkehl, Jens, Siever, Torsten and Schlobinsk, Peter. 1998. Sprache+und+KomW munikation+im+Internet:+Uberblick+und+Analysen.! Opladen: Westdeutscher! Verlag.Sperber, Dan, Wilson, Deirdre. 1986. Relevance Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.Young, Michael, R. 2006. Accounting Irregularities and Financial Fraud: A Corporate Governance Guide. 3rd edition. Chicago: CCH.21 (2/2018)536
Direct Determination Of Cu, Mn, Pb, And Zn In Beer By Thermospray Flame Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
No full textIn this work, thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS) was employed for Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn determination in beer without any sample digestion. The system was optimized and calibration was based on the analyte addition technique. A sample volume of 300 μl was introduced into the hot Ni tube at a flow-rate of 0.4 ml min-1 using 0.14 mol l -1 nitric acid solution or air as carrier. Different Brazilian beers were directly analyzed after ultrasonic degasification. Results were compared with those obtained by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The detection limits obtained for Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn in aqueous solution were 2.2, 18, 1.6, and 0.9 μg l-1, respectively. The relative standard deviations varied from 2.7% to 7.3% (n=8) for solutions containing the analytes in the 25-50 μg l-1 range. The concentration ranges obtained for analytes in beer samples were: Cu: 38.0-155 μg l-1; Mn: 110-348 μg l-1, Pb: 13.0-32.9 μg l-1, and Zn: 52.7-226 μg l-1. Results obtained by TS-FF-AAS and GFAAS were in agreement at a 95% confidence level. The proposed method is fast and simple, since sample digestion is not required and sensitivity can be improved without using expensive devices. The TS-FF-AAS presented suitable sensitivity for determination of Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn in the quality control of a brewery. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.605749753Matsushige, I., Oliveira, E., Determination of trace-elements in Brazilian beers by ICP-AES (1993) Food Chem., 47, pp. 205-207Matusiewicz, H., Kopras, M., Methods for improving the sensitivity in atom trapping flame atomic absorption spectrometry: Analytical scheme for the direct determination of trace elements in beer (1997) J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 12, pp. 1287-1291Moll, M.M., Food science and technology (1995) Handbook of Brewing, 64, pp. 133-156. , W.A. Hardwick Marcel Dekker New YorkLi, Y., Van Loon, J.C., Barefoot, R.R., Preconcentration of trace elements in potable liquids by means of a liquid membrane emulsion for flame atomic absorption determination (1993) Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem., 345, pp. 467-470Andersen, M.L., Skibsted, L.H., Electron spin resonance spin trapping identification of radicals formed during aerobic forced aging of beer (1998) J. Agric. Food Chem., 46, pp. 1272-1275Helin, T.R.M., Slaughter, J.C., Determination of metals in brewing materials by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (1997) J. Inst. Brew., 83, pp. 15-16Svendsen, R., Lund, W., Speciation of Cu, Fe and Mn in beer using ion exchange separation and size-exclusion chromatography in combination with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (2000) Analyst, 125, pp. 1933-1937Concon, J.M., (1988) Food Toxicology, , Marcel Dekker New YorkOnianwa, P.C., Adeyemo, A.O., Idowu, O.E., Ogabiela, E.E., Copper and zinc contents of Nigerian foods and estimates of the adult dietary intakes (2001) Food Chem., 72, p. 89Watson, C.A., (1994) Official and Standardized Methods of Analysis, pp. 688-689. , 3rd ed. Royal Society of Chemistry CambridgeBellido-Milla, D., Oñate-Jaén, A., Palacios-Santander, J.M., Palacios-Tejero, D., Hernández-Artiga, M.P., Beer digestions for metal determination by atomic spectrometry and residual organic matter (2004) Mikrochim. Acta, 144, pp. 183-190Bellido-Milla, D., Moreno-Perez, J.M., Hernández-Artiga, M.P., Differentiation and classification of beers with flame atomic spectrometry and molecular absorption spectrometry and sample preparation assisted by microwaves (2000) Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 55, pp. 855-864Gáspár, A., Berndt, H., Thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS)-a simple method for trace element determination with microsamples in the μg l-1 concentration range (2000) Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 55, pp. 587-597Davies, J., Berndt, H., Improvements in thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (2003) Anal. Chim. Acta, 479, pp. 215-223Pereira-Filho, E.R., Berndt, H., Arruda, M.A.Z., Simultaneous samples digestion and determination of Cd, Cu and Pb in biological samples using thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS) with slurry sample introduction (2002) J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 17, pp. 1308-1315Nascentes, C.C., Arruda, M.A.Z., Nogueira, A.R.A., Nóbrega, J.A., Direct determination of Cu and Zn in fruit juices and bovine milk by thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (2004) Talanta, 64, pp. 912-917Welz, B., Sperling, M., (1999) Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, , 3rd ed. Wiley-VCH WeinheimAlcázar, A., Pablos, F., Martín, M.J., González, A.G., Multivariate characterisation of beers according to their mineral content (2002) Talanta, 57, pp. 45-5
Indigenous tradition and the colonial legacy : a study in the social context of anglophone African literary criticism.
No full textBibliography: leaves 219-229.This dissertation attempts to examine the social meanings of anglophone African literary criticism as an ideological discourse. It begins by engaging with Marxist critical traditions, with particular reference to two areas of debate: the question of the epistemological relationship between literature and criticism, and the question of criticism's being a discourse which, in its articulation with a given social context, relies on the resources of a particular critical heritage. The basis of the second and central chapter is the interrelationship between the context and heritage of anglophone African criticism. The dominant themes of this discourse are seen as being shaped by ideological affiliations with the modern nation-state, and by the legacy of the empirical and organic traditions of metropolitan criticism. It is argued that in the situation of neo-colonial social stratification, anglophone African criticism faces a crisis of legitimacy. In the third to fifth chapters I attempt to illustrate and refine the central argument in relation to a selection of critical texts. The chapter on two works by Eldred Jones examines his reliance on orthodox British critical assumptions and its consequences in his treatment of the writing of Wole Soyinka. The chapter on West African traditions examines a range of critical operations which are used in the construction of organic traditions based on oral or traditional cultures. These operations rely on mythopoesis, formalism and the sociology of literature. The final chapter on East African political readings investigates the internal, discursive tensions in the work of two critics who, in attempting to politicize their reading of literature, have not been able to achieve a conceptual break from the legacies of idealism
Customizing the therapeutic response of signaling networks to promote antitumor responses by drug combinations
No full textThis work was supported by grants from Breakthrough Breast Cancer and Scottish Funding Council (SRDG), and personal support to Alexey Goltsov from Scottish Informatics and Computer Science Alliance (SICSA) and to James Bown from The Northwood Trust.Drug resistance, de novo and acquired, pervades cellular signaling networks (SNs) from one signaling motif to another as a result of cancer progression and/or drug intervention. This resistance is one of the key determinants of efficacy in targeted anti-cancer drug therapy. Although poorly understood, drug resistance is already being addressed in combination therapy by selecting drug targets where SN sensitivity increases due to combination components or as a result of de novo or acquired mutations. Additionally, successive drug combinations have shown low resistance potential. To promote a rational, systematic development of combination therapies, it is necessary to establish the underlying mechanisms that drive the advantages of combination therapies, and design methods to determine drug targets for combination regimens. Based on a joint systems analysis of cellular SN response and its sensitivity to drug action and oncogenic mutations, we describe an in silico method to analyze the targets of drug combinations. Our method explores mechanisms of sensitizing the SN through a combination of two drugs targeting vertical signaling pathways. We propose a paradigm of SN response customization by one drug to both maximize the effect of another drug in combination and promote a robust therapeutic response against oncogenic mutations. The method was applied to customize the response of the ErbB/PI3K/PTEN/AKT pathway by combination of drugs targeting HER2 receptors and proteins in the down-stream pathway. The results of a computational experiment showed that the modification of the SN response from hyperbolic to smooth sigmoid response by manipulation of two drugs in combination leads to greater robustness in therapeutic response against oncogenic mutations determining cancer heterogeneity. The application of this method in drug combination co-development suggests a combined evaluation of inhibition effects together with the capability of drug combinations to suppress resistance mechanisms before they become clinically manifest.Peer reviewe
