21 research outputs found
Immigration et intégration à l’épreuve de la comparaison : retour sur trois projets européens de recherche
No full textThe paper reflects on the conceptual and methodological challenges linked to the comparison of migration-related issues in three successive eu funded projects, including ACCEPT Pluralism. From a methodological point of view, it analyses the construction of comparable research objects that are compatible with a common conceptual framework, elaborated by researchers from various countries. In particular, it is concerned with the adoption of a pluralist framework to analyse migration-related issues in the French universalist context. The author argues that comparative research, as it is developed through EU funded research projects, is particularly relevant in highlighting national specificities, but also in underlining convergences on migration-related issues among member countries
Mondialisation, francophonie et espaces didactiques — Essai de macrodidactique des langues secondes/étrangères
No full textCe texte cherche à cerner l'influence des courants didactiques des langues secondes/étrangères (LS/É) axée sur les espaces géolinguistiques, en prenant comme exemple les espaces francophones. L'autrice étaye la thèse que les didactiques du français LS/É qui ont cours en francophonie sont principalement redevables aux idéologies interétatiques de transmission et de protection de la langue française et à l'idéologie intraétatique d'intégration, ces idéologies étant historiquement dominées par l'Hexagone. Émergent plusieurs conclusions: a) les mutations profondes qu'alimente la mondialisation des échanges et des sociétés conduisent à la diversité et à la pluralité; b) les didactiques actuelles des LS/É, en contribuant à la remise en cause des problématiques de l'identité, de l'émancipation et de la citoyenneté, dans le cadre d'une idéologie pluraliste et émancipatrice, peuvent apporter une dimension éthique à cette transformation.This article examines the influence of didactic approaches based on geolinguistic spaces in the teaching of second and foreign languages (SL/F), specifically using the example of Francophone geolinguistic spaces. The author presents the thesis that French second and foreign language didactics in francophone spheres are based on ideologies of transmission and protection of the French language for issues between states and on those of integration for issues within states; these ideologies were historically dominated by the Hexagone. Several conclusions emerge: a) the profound changes which nourish global exchanges and global societies lead to diversity and plurality; b) current SL/F didactics, which contribute to questioning issues about identity, emancipation, and citizenship within the frame of a pluralist and emancipatory ideology can bring an ethical dimension to this transformation.Este articulo intenta demarcar la influencia de las corrientes didacticas en lenguas extranjeras orientadas hacia los espacios sociolinguïsticos, tomando como ejemplo los espacios francoparlantes. La autora apoya la tesis de que las didacticas del francés como lengua segunda o extranjera que se encuentran en los paises de habla francesa, son principalmente herederas tanto de las ideologias interestatales de transmision y de proteccion de la lengua francesa como de la ideologia interestatal de integration, ideologfas historicamente dominadas por el Hexagone Emergen varias conclusiones: a) las mutaciones profundas que alimentan la mundializacion de los intercambios y de las sociedades conducen a la diversidad y a la plura- lidad; b) las didacticas actuales de lenguas extranjeras, al contribuir al cuestionamiento de los problemas de la identidad, la emancipation y la ciudadania en el marco de una ideologia pluraliste y emancipadora, pueden proporcionar una dimension ética a esta transformation.Am Beispiel der franzôsischen Sprachrâume versucht dieser Artikel den Einfluss zu ermitteln, den je nach den Sprachrâumen die verschiedenen Richtungen der Didaktik der Zweit-/Fremdsprachen (LS/É) ausiiben. Die Verfasserin vertritt die These, dass die innerhalb der Frankophonie angewandten Didaktiken der franzôsischen Sprache als LS/É hauptsâchlich von den zwischenstaatlichen Ideologien der Verbreitung und der Erhaltung der franzôsischen Sprache und von der binnenstaatlichen Integrationsideologie gepragt sind, wobei dièse Ideologien historisch von Frankreich ausgehen. Mehrere Schlussfolgerungen kônnen gezogen werden: a) die tiefgreifenden, durch die Globalisierung des Bewegungen und der Gesellschaften geforderten Verânderungen fuhren zu Diversitàt und Pluralitàt; b) die heutigen LS/É-Didaktiken tragen dazu bei, Begriffe wie Identitât, Emanzipation und Staatsangehôrigkeit in Frage zu stellen, im Rahmen einer pluralistischen und emanzipatorischen Idéologie, und kônnen somit dieser Transformation eine ethische Dimension verleihen
« D’ailleurs, bien des femmes ont écrit avant moi » : le cas de Laure Conan, à la fois pionnière et héritière
No full textL’autrice examine l’héritage littéraire convoqué dans le roman Angéline de Montbrun à travers le prisme des études sur l’œuvre de Charlotte Brontë. Cette perspective lui permet de reconsidérer l’étiquette de pionnière attribuée à Laure Conan en raffinant encore le système de référence et en isolant des éléments véritablement structurants de cet héritage pour ainsi relever des enjeux particuliers à la pratique de l’écriture des femmes. La critique conanienne s’est beaucoup intéressée à l’intertextualité d’Angéline de Montbrun, mais l’héritage anglais n’a pas encore été examiné en détail. L’utilisation des études brontiennes permet, entre autres, de relever le potentiel métadiscursif de certains éléments du récit à l’égard des conditions d’écriture des femmes, notamment par des structures et des stratégies narratives issues du gothique de Barbe bleue (Bluebeard Gothic). Ce concept montre comment, dans des œuvres écrites par des femmes au xixe siècle, des éléments gothiques sont couplés à des références au conte de Charles Perrault et permet d’ouvrir la question du legs dans l’œuvre de Laure Conan.The author examines the Angéline de Montbrun’s literary legacy through the prism of the Charlotte Brontë’s Studies. By refining the reference system and exhibiting some structural elements of this legacy, those new lens show how the pioneer label attributed to Laure Conan should be challenged to point out the stakes for female writers. Intertextuality has already been a subject of interest for the Laure Conan’s Studies, but the English literary legacy of the novel has not been examined yet. By convoking Charlotte Brontë’s Studies, the metadiscursive potential of some elements of the narrative, in regard of the writing conditions for women, is highlighted in particular with the Bluebeard’s Gothic concept (where gothic elements of the plot are associated with Charles Perrault’s tale). This concept shows how narrative structure and strategies can open the question of the heritage in Laure Conan’s work.La autora examina la herencia literaria evocada en la novela Angéline de Montbrun a través del prisma de los estudios brontianos. Esta perspectiva le permite reconsiderar la etiqueta de pionera atribuida a Laure Conan refinando aún más el sistema de referencia y aislando los elementos verdaderamente estructurantes de esta herencia para plantear cuestiones específicas de la práctica de la escritura de las mujeres. La crítica conaniana se ha interesado mucho por la intertextualidad de Angéline de Montbrun, pero la herencia inglesa aún no ha sido examinada en detalle. El uso de los estudios brontianos permite, entre otras cosas, destacar el potencial metadiscursivo de ciertos elementos del relato respecto a las condiciones de escritura de las mujeres, en particular por las estructuras y estrategias narrativas del gótico de Barba Azul (Bluebeard Gothic). Este concepto muestra cómo, en las obras escritas por mujeres en el siglo xix, se unen elementos góticos con referencias al cuento de Charles Perrault y abre la cuestión del legado en la obra de Laure Conan
Women and Men Admitted for Alcohol Intoxication at an Emergency Department: Alcohol Use Disorders, Substance Use and Health and Social Status7 Years Later
No full textAbstract Aims To assess the prevalence of alcohol use disorder (AUD), substance use, mental health and social status 7 years following an Emergency Department (ED) admission for alcohol intoxication. To assess gender differences in these prevalences. Methods Cohort of 631 patients aged 18-30 years admitted for alcohol intoxication in 2006-2007 at a tertiary referral hospital in Switzerland, contacted for an interview in 2014. Assessment consisted of demography, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for AUD, Patient Health Questionnaire (depression, anxiety) and lifetime/past year use of tobacco/illegal drugs. Gender differences were assessed with Chi-square tests, t-tests and Wilcoxon tests. Results In 2014, 318/631 (50.4%) completed the interview. Study completers were not different from non-completers on baseline characteristics (all P >0.2). Of study completers, 36.8% were unemployed, 56.9% reported hazardous alcohol use, 15.1% alcohol dependence, 13.2% harmful use, 18.6% depression, 15.4% anxiety disorder. Prevalence of any use (lifetime/past year) was93.4%/80.2% for tobacco, 86.6%/53.1% for cannabis, 54.7%/22.6% for cocaine, 25.6%/13.5% for sedatives, 40.9%/11.0% for stimulants, 21.7%/7.2% for opioids. Men reported significantly more binge drinking, AUD, cannabis use (past year) and more lifetime cannabis, cocaine and stimulants use (all P <0.05). There was no gender difference in the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use and tobacco use. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly higher in women (P <0.05). Conclusions Seven years after being admitted for alcohol intoxication, young patients are likely to present substance misuse, mental health disorders and social problems, suggesting that they should be offered secondary prevention measures while in the ED. Short summary We studied a cohort of patients aged 18-30 and admitted for alcohol intoxication in 2006-2007 at a tertiary hospital. Participants were interviewed in 2014. Seven years after an admission for alcohol intoxication, patients are likely to present AUDs, substance misuse, mental health disorders and social problems
Electronic Screening and Brief Intervention for Unhealthy Alcohol use in Primary Care Waiting Rooms – a Pilot Project
No full text[Opioid addiction in primary care medicine]
No full textOpioid addiction constitutes a major public health issue. Its management relies on opioid agonist therapy (OAT), which replaces the illicit consumption to stabilize the dependence. In 2023, 15,707 people with an average age of 49 were receiving OAT in Switzerland. A general practitioner can initiate OAT in most cases. A laboratory assessment and cantonal authorization are mandatory for OAT initiation. Methadone, the main treatment, requires gradual titration (20-30 mg initially and then 60-120 mg for maintenance) with daily monitoring. Adverse effects include constipation, hypogonadism, sleep apnea, and QTc prolongation. Withdrawal is optional and must be gradual over several months or years
Admissions of patients with alcohol intoxication in the Emergency Department: a growing phenomenon
No full textQUESTION UNDER STUDY: To investigate the change over time in the number of ED admissions with positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and to evaluate predictors of BAC level.
METHODS: We conducted a single site retrospective study at the ED of a tertiary referral hospital (western part of Switzerland) and obtained all the BAC performed from 2002 to 2011. We determined the proportion of ED admissions with positive BAC (number of positive BAC/number of admissions). Regression models assessed trends in the proportion of admissions with positive BAC and the predictors of BAC level among patients with positive BAC.
RESULTS: A total of 319,489 admissions were recorded and 20,021 BAC tests were performed, of which 14,359 were positive, divided 34.5% female and 65.5% male. The mean (SD) age was 41.7(16.8), and the mean BAC was 2.12(1.04) permille (g of ethanol/liter of blood). An increase in the number of positive BAC was observed, from 756 in 2002 to 1,819 in 2011. The total number of admissions also increased but less: 1.2 versus 2.4 times more admissions with positive BAC. Being male was independently associated with a higher (+0.19 permille) BAC, as was each passing year (+0.03). A significant quadratic association with age indicated a maximum BAC at age 53.
CONCLUSION: We observed an increase in the percentage of admissions with positive BAC that was not limited to younger individuals. Given the potential consequences of alcohol intoxication, and the large burden imposed on ED teams, communities should be encouraged to take measures aimed at reducing alcohol intoxication
Outils d’aide à la décision dans les addictions : ľexemple du tabac
No full textInternational audienceDecision aids (DAs) help patients participate in healthcare decisions by improving knowledge and clarifying values and preferences, thus favoring a more active role in the decision process. DAs exist as a physical support (paper, DVD, audio) or computerized formats. They can be used independently by patients before and after consultations, or with a health professional during consultations. Unisanté has created a DA for use during consultations presenting available smoking cessation aids (www.howtoquit.ch). A local study showed that the DA is considered easy to use and useful by the doctors interviewed. The use of DAs in addictions to other substances, in conjunction with shared decision making, shows a favourable effect on the involvement of patients in their health and therapeutic adherence.Les outils d’aide à la décision (AD) soutiennent les patient-e-s dans leurs choix médicaux en majorant leurs connaissances et en clarifiant leurs valeurs et préférences, ce qui leur permet de s’impliquer dans le processus décisionnel. Les AD existent en tant que supports physiques (papier, DVD) ou informatiques. Ils peuvent être utilisés par les patient-e-s avant/après la consultation ou avec le-la professionnel-le de santé durant la consultation. Unisanté a créé un AD présentant les aides à l’arrêt du tabac durant la consultation. Une étude locale a montré que l’usage de celui-ci a été jugé simple et utile par les médecins. L’utilisation d’AD dans les addictions à d’autres substances, renforcée par des entretiens de décision partagée, montre un effet favorable sur l’implication des patient-e-s et sur l’adhésion thérapeutique
