232 research outputs found
Politics and Exhaustion — with Asad Haider
No full textTheorist and author Asad Haider joins Below the Radar to discuss questions he explores in his book, Mistaken Identity: Race and Class in the Age of Trump. Asad discusses how class dynamics cannot be separated from identity-driven movements. As well, he explores ideas of political exhaustion in the tradition of political theorists such as Sylvain Lazarus and Alain Badiou. In this interview, Asad interrogates the role of identity in politics and how it has been taken up in discourse — complicating the relationship between race and class in a context that has been defined by capital interests. Asad and Am discuss theoretical questions around frameworks for political organizing and solidarity across movements. He also speaks to our current moment as one of political exhaustion, where it\u27s difficult to mobilize transformative political change
Erratum to: Fixture layout optimization for multi point respot welding of sheet metals (Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, (2018), 32, 4, (1749-1760), 10.1007/s12206-018-0331-5)
No full textThere is one correction to make to the original article. The affiliation of the 3rd author, Muhammad Asad, was misprinted. The affiliation should be corrected as follows:3Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, AlKhobar 31952, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Adapting authoritarianism: institutions and co-optation in Egypt and Syria
No full textThis PhD thesis compares Egypt and Syria’s authoritarian political systems. While the tendency in social science political research treats Egypt and Syria as similarly authoritarian, this research emphasizes differences between the two systems with special reference to institutions and co-optation. Rather than reducibly understanding Egypt and Syria as sharing similar histories, institutional arrangements, or ascribing to the oft-repeated convention that “Syria is Egypt but 10 years behind,” this thesis focuses on how events and individual histories shaped each states current institutional strengthens and weaknesses. Specifically, it explains the how varying institutional politicization or de-politicization affects each state’s capabilities for co-opting elite and non-elite individuals.
Beginning with a theoretical framework that considers the limited utility of democratization and transition theoretical approaches, the work underscores the persistence and durability of authoritarianism. Chapter two details the politicized institutional divergence between Egypt and Syria that began in the 1970s. Chapter three and four examines how institutional politicization or de-politicization affects elite and non-elite individual co-optation in Egypt and Syria. Chapter five discusses the study’s general conclusions and theoretical implications.
This thesis’s argument is that Egypt and Syria co-opt elites and non-elites differently because of the varying degrees of institutional politicization in each governance system. Rather than view one country as more politically developed than the other, this work argues that Syria’s political institutions are more politicized than their Egyptian counterparts. Syria’s political arena is, thus, described as politicized-patrimonialism. Syria’s politicized-patrimonial arena produces uneven co-optation of elites and non-elites as they are diffused through competing institutions. Conversely, the Egyptian political arena remains highly personalized as weak institutions and individuals are manipulated and molded according to the president’s ruling clique. This is referred to as personalized-patrimonialism. As a consequence, Egypt’s political establishment demonstrates more flexibility in ad hoc altering and adapting its arena depending on the emergence of crises.
This study’s theoretical implications suggest that, contrary to modernization and democratization theory’s adage that institutions lead to a political development, politicized institutions within a patrimonial order actually hinder regime adaptation because consensus is harder to achieve and maintain. It is within this context that Egypt’s de-politicized institutional framework advantages its top political elite. In this reading of Egyptian and Syrian politics, Egypt’s personalized political arena is more adaptable than Syria’s. These conclusions do not indicate that political reform is a process underway in either state
TEORI KEBERMAKSUDAN DALAM TERJEMAHAN AL-QUR'AN (STUDI AYAT ALEGORI DALAM THE MESSAGE OF THE QURAN KARYA MUHAMMAD ASAD)
No full textTranslation of the Al-Qur’an has become a contestation to explore the meaning of
the Qur’an more concisely. However, despite its brevity, there is a rather complex
polemic. Based on the Skopos Theory (meaningful translation), the author here
discusses about the Al Qur’an translation released by Muhammad Asad titled “The
Message of the Quran”. The core problem raised in this study is to identify the
translation hermeneutics which brought to the surface by Asad in terms of the
intention theory; as well as examining his translation result of allegoric verses
(mutasyābihāt), which consist of three subcategories: anthropomorphism,
muqaṭṭa’āt, and supernaturalism. Both of these problems were explored using a
descriptive-qualitative method which generated several findings. First,
hermeneutically, Asad puts rationality as the aim that underlies each movement of
translations. Asad supports his aim with several points of purpose, such as context,
extra quranic nasakh, emphasizing the integration concept of the verses, along with
mainstreaming the ibrah over the historicity of the Qur’an. Second, specifically in
three themes of allegorical verses: anthropomorphism, muqaṭṭa’āt, and
supernaturalism (gaib), Asad still stands faithful to the rationality concept.
However in this topic, the validity of Asad’s rationality is being tested, considering
the limitation of human’s reasoning, whereas revelation does not. Responding this
dilemma, Asad preferred to conclude his arguments turned around, that the true
truth of Al-Qur’an’s meaning lays on God’s hands. This is a rationality according
to Muhammad Asad. Lastly, theoretical reflection of this research is a paradigm
shifting of translation from equivalency to purposive, which is very relevant when
translating scriptures
al-Mudawwanah al-Kubra
No full textAwal mulanya, kitab al-Mudawwanah al-Kubra ini adalah "al-Asadiyah" (dinisbatkan kepada Asad ibn al-Farrat), yaitu kumpulan masalah-masalah fiqih yang disusun dan dikumpulkan oleh Asad ibn al-Furat dari apa yang ia dapatkan dari Imam Malik. Setelah Imam Malik wafat, kitab ini dilengkapi dan dikaji kembali oleh Abdurrahman bin Al-Qasim juga Sahnun bin Sa'id at-Tanuukhi. Jadi, bisa dikatakan bahwa kitab ini mencakup pemikiran fiqih 4 orang mujtahid, yaitu : Imam Malik, 'Abd al-Rahman bin al-Qasim, Asad bin al-Furat, dan Sahnun bin Sa'id. Kitab yang terdiri dari 4 jilid ini, menggunakan bahasa yang simpel dan mudah dimengerti, serta mencakup seluruh masalah fiqih -di mulai dengan Bab Wudhu dan diakhiri dengan Bab Diyah-, sehingga satu kitab ini saja sudah cukup menjadi pegangan bagi seorang yang bermadzhab maliki. Hampir setiap bab dalam kitab ini di mulai dengan pertanyaan tentang suatu perkara yang kemudian diikuti dengan jawaban, baik dari Imam Malik maupun dari 3 Imam lainnya. Sehingga ketika membaca kitab ini, kita seolah menyaksikan tanya-jawab dan percakapan antar beberapa orang, dan bahkan seolah menjadi bagian dari percakapan tersebut
Rasionalitas tafsir The Message Of The Quran karya Muhammad Asad: Analisis ayat-ayat mukjizat
No full textINDONESIA :
Khawariqul ‘Adah atau diistilahkan dengan peristiwa luar biasa yang Allah anugerahkan kepada para nabisebagai bukti kenabiannya di hadapan umatnya pada waktu nabi di utus. Sesuatu yang diluar nalar atau irasonal (tidak masuk akal), atau khawariqul ‘adah. Seperti halnya Nabi Ibrahim A.s yang tidak terluka sama sekali oleh api ketika dibakar oleh kaumnya dan Nabi Isa As. Yang bisa menghidupkan orang mati, atau ketika Nabi Musa A.s membelah lautan dengan tongkatnya saat di kejar oleh Fir’aun dan pasukannya, dan masih banyak lagi nabi-nabi lain yang mendapatkan mukjizat dari Allah Swt. di satu sisi mukjizat itu adalah kejadian di luar nalar akan tetapi ada mufassir yang mencoba merasionalkan ayat-ayat mukjizat para nabi agar bisa dipahami akal, seperti apa yang dikemukaan oleh Muhammad Asad, bahwa kejadian luar biasa pada masa lalu ( mukjizat) yang dialami oleh para nabi, zaman sekarang harus bisa dipahami secara rasional.
Di dalam penelitian tesis ini memakai analisis-deskriftif yang berkaitan dengan pendapat penafsiran Muhammad Asad mengenai ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan mukjizat para nabi di dalam al-Qur’an, langkah yang diambil oleh penulis di dalam proses pengumpulan data adalah dengan mencari kata mukjizat dalam al-Qu’ran, seterusnya menncoba melihat pembahasan mukjizat para nabi dalam al-Qur’an, kemudian langkah selanjutnya adalah mencoba menganaslisis penafsiran Muhammad Asad dan membandingkan dengan penafsiran-penafsiran yang sudah ada baik penafsiran sebelum Muhammad Asad atau penafsiran setelah Muhammad Asad.
Semua ayat yang berkaitan dengan kejadian luar biasa, yang menimpa para nabi. Muhammad Asad terkadang merujuk pada penafsiran-penafsiran sebelum dirinya yang sependapat dengan penafsirannya, mengutif dari Bibel, mencari makna kata dll, agar penafsirannya rasional.
Muhammad Asad, dalam menafsirkan ayat-ayat alqur’an mengenai mukjizat para nabi, menggunakan pendekatan ilmiah yaitu peristiwa-peristiwa alam dan banyak juga menggunakan bentuk-bentuk penafsiran alegoris. Sehingga muncul sebuah penafsiran yang rasional.
ENGLISH :
Khawariqul 'Adah or it is termed an extraordinary event that Allah gave to the prophets as proof of his prophethood before his people when the prophet was sent. Something that is beyond reason or irrational (does not make sense), or khawariqul 'adah. Like Prophet Ibrahim A.s, who was not injured at all by fire when burned by his people and Prophet Isa As. Who can bring the dead to life, or when the Prophet Musa A.s split the sea with his staff while being chased by Fir'awn and his troops, and many other prophets who received miracles from Allah SWT. on the one hand the miracle is an unreasonable incident but there are commentators who try to rationalize the miracle verses of the prophets so that reason can be understood, like what Muhammad Asad disclosed, that extraordinary events in the past (miracles) were experienced by the prophet, today must be understood rationally.
In this thesis research, using descriptive analysis related to Muhammad Asad's interpretation of the verses related to the miracles of the prophets in the Koran, the steps taken by the author in the data collection process were to look for the word miracle in al-Qu'ran, then tries to look at the discussion of miracles of the prophets in the Koran, then the next step is to try to analyze Muhammad Asad's interpretation and compare it with existing interpretations, either pre-Muhammad Asad or after Muhammad Asad.
All the verses relate to the extraordinary events that befell the prophets. Muhammad Asad sometimes refers to his prior interpretations that agree with his interpretation, curse from the Bible, look for the meaning of words etc., so that the interpretation is rational.
Muhammad Asad in interpreting the verses of the alquran regarding the miracles of the prophets, used a scientific approach, namely natural events and also used many forms of allegorical interpretation.
ARAB :
خوارق اعادة أو ما يسمى بحدث غير عادي أعطاه الله للأنبياء كدليل على نبوته على قومه عند إرسال النبي. ما هو فوق العقل أو غير منطقي ، أو خوارق الصلاة. مثل النبي إبراهيم عليه السلام ، الذي لم يصب إطلاقاً بنيران أحرقه قومه ونبيه عيسى عليه السلام من يستطيع إحياء الموتى ، أو عندما شق النبي موسى البحر بعصاه أثناء مطاردته من قبل فرعون وجنوده ، والعديد من الأنبياء الآخرين الذين تلقوا المعجزات من الله سبحانه وتعالى. من ناحية ، المعجزة حادثة غير معقولة ، لكن هناك مفسرين يحاولون تبرير آيات
معجزات الأنبياء بحيث يمكن فهم العقل ، مثل ما كشفه محمد أسد ، تلك الأحداث غير العادية في الماضي (المعجزات) التي مرت بها. الأنبياء اليوم يجب فهمهم بعقلانية.
يستخدم البحث في هذه الرسالة التحليل الوصفي المتعلق بتفسير محمد أسد للآيات المتعلقة بإعجاز الأنبياء في القرآن ، والخطوات التي اتخذها المؤلف في عملية جمع البيانات هي البحث عن كلمة معجزة في ثم يحاول القرآن أن ينظر في مناقشة معجزات الأنبياء في القرآن ، ثم الخطوة التالية هي محاولة تحليل تفسير محمد أسد ومقارنته بالتفسيرات الموجودة ، سواء قبل محمد الأسد أو بعد محمد أسد.
كل الآيات تتعلق بالأحداث غير العادية التي حلت بالأنبياء. يشير محمد أسد أحيانًا إلى تفسيراته السابقة التي تتفق مع التفسير ، ويلعن من الكتاب المقدس ، ويبحث عن معنى الكلمات ، وما إلى ذلك ، حتى يكون التفسير عقلانيًا.
استخدم محمد أسد في تفسير آيات القرآن الخاصة بمعجزات الأنبياء منهجًا علميًا ، أي الأحداث الطبيعية ، كما استخدم العديد من أشكال التفسير المجازي
Идея антропологии ислама
No full textIn his article The Idea of an Anthropology of Islam, written in 1986, Talal Asad focuses on the conceptual basis of the literature on this problem. What, he asks, exactly, is the anthropology of Islam? What is its object of investigation? There appear to be at least three common answers to the question, according to the author: (1) that in the final analysis there is no such theoretical object as Islam; (2) that Islam is the anthropologist’s label for a heterogeneous collection of items, each of which has been designated Islamic by informants; (3) that Islam is a distinctive historical totality which organizes various aspects of social life. We will look briefly at the first two answers, and then examine at length the third, which is in principle the most interesting, even though it is not acceptable. Talal Asad criticises the textualization of social life, and redirects analysis away from the interpretation of behaviors and toward inquiry into the relation of practices to a discursive tradition. Asad’s new concept became important not only for anthropology of Islam, but also for a number of fields, concerned with ethics and religion in modernity: anthropology, religious studies, postcolonial studies, critical theory. Despite it was written three decades ago, the article is still a must read for any scholar in the field of Islamic Studies, especially in Russia.На протяжении десятилетий Талал Асад, в данное время занимающий должность профессора антропологии в Городском университете Нью-Йорка, в своих работах о религии и её взаимосвязи с острыми вопросами современной жизни постоянно опровергал доминирующие парадигмы антропологии. Критикуя текстуализацию социальной жизни, Асад переориентировал направление анализа от интерпретации поведения к проблеме отношений между практиками и тем, что он назвал «дискурсивной традицией». Асад создал эту концепцию в рамках исследований антропологии ислама, но она приобрела важную роль во множестве областей, связанных с этикой и религией эпохи модерна (антропология, религиоведение, постколониальные исследования, критическая теория). Впервые концепция получила развитие в публикуемой ниже статье, написанной в 1986 году. Несмотря на то, что прошло более 30 лет с момента публикации, текст до сих пор более чем актуален, особенно в российском контексте, не избалованном качественными антропологическими и социологическими работами в области исламоведения. Перевод статьи печатается с любезного согласия самого автора и Центра современных арабских исследований Джорджтаунского университета, для которого она было подготовлена
Essays on the political economy of land use regulation
No full textWith the rising cost of living in urban areas, the tradition of de facto community control of land-use regulation has come under increasing scrutiny. To investigate the consequences of this system of decentralized zoning, I integrate locally-controlled, endogenous zoning into a structural city model. Residents sort into neighborhoods on location and density preferences, and then vote on local zoning decisions--ignoring the productivity and amenity spillovers of additional density on other neighborhoods. For an empirical source of clearly-defined zoning decentralization, I consider Chicago's tradition of Aldermanic Privilege--which delegates absolute zoning authority to each of 50 city Ward Aldermen. Using a novel dataset of over 60,000 re-zoned land parcels, I document how these decisions are locally-determined---largely reflecting constituents' housing tenure rates---and ignore effects on other neighborhoods. For identification, I exploit the 2002 and 2012 re-districtings of Ward boundaries as a natural experiment; I estimate smaller agglomeration externalities than the literature when accounting for this form of endogenous zoning, and provide evidence that the negative externalities of development are significantly more localized than the positive externalities. Counterfactual simulation of proposed changes to the level of political decentralization suggests they would increase the size of the average development by up to 9 p.p. I then document how variation in land-use regulation between cities correlates with falling populations and rising house prices, and use the data to shed light on the phenomenon of industrial conversions.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2022-08-01The student, Asad Khan, accepted the attached license on 2020-07-14 at 15:13.The student, Asad Khan, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2020-07-14 at 15:20.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2020-07-17 at 08:42.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #15614 on 2020-10-02 at 15:33:16Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-07T22:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Estimating Passenger Car Equivalent Factors for Heterogeneous Traffic Using Occupancy-Density Linear Regression Model
No full textA variety of methods have been proposed in the existing literature for the estimation of passenger car equivalent (PCE) factors. These methods are based on the comparison of selected attributes of different vehicles. This research, for the first time, utilizes the basic notion of the linear relationship between road area occupancy and density for the estimation of PCE factors for different vehicle types in heterogeneous traffic. Aerial photographs obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were analyzed to estimate the road area occupancy and the number of vehicles classified in seven selected groups. A linear least-squares regression model was developed between road area occupancy and classified vehicle count. The coefficients of the occupancy-density linear regression model were used to estimate PCE and motorcycle equivalent (MCE) factors. The comparison of the estimated set of PCE values with the values reported in the literature shows that PCE factors estimated using the proposed method are reasonable and produce a better occupancy-density relationship than the other studies. In comparison with the existing methods that rely on lane-based measurements, the proposed method is well suited for traffic with weak/no lane discipline, as it considers the entire road width and the dynamics of lateral movement of different types of vehicles. The proposed method does not need extensive traffic data of speeds, headways, flow rates, and so forth, and is applicable on aerial photographs obtained from other sources, such as satellites.Funding
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported with funding from Exascale Open Data Analytics Lab, National Center for Big Data and Cloud Computing (NCBC) and the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to research students Syed Hassan Ali, Haseeb Ahmed, Zohaib Ahmed, Aqib Abbasi, Asad Rehan, Mirza Ali Haider, Syed Abbas Hasan Zaidi, and Omema for their help in this research
Telenursing Benefits in patients with Diabetes: A Review Article
No full textTelenursing Benefits in patients with Diabetes:A Review ArticleImani A1, Dabirian A21. RN Alumnus MS Nursing Education. Department of Nursing and Midwifery. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran2. MSN Faculty Member. Department of Medical –Surgical Nursing Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery. Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran. Corresponding author: Asad Imani; a_eimany67@yahoo. comAbstractBackground and aim: Telenursing is an affordable، easy and available nursing intervention and nurses can use this method to overcome the obstacles related to time and place. The purpose of this review was to provide evidence for the impact of telenursing on diabetic patients outcomes.Method: An electronic search was performed for articles which were published in English and Persian languages on PubMed,BMJ,Conult Nursing,Magiran,SID, and IranDoc databases. The search was conducted using the following keywords: telephone-telephone follow up – telenursing – diabetic patients and quality of life of diabetics. These databases were searched in a time period of 2000 to 2012.Findings: 30 articles were included for review. Evidence indicated the positive effects of telenursing on some patient outcomes as control of blood glucose، adherence to diet and physical activity and improved quality of life in patient with diabetes.Conclusion: With regard to benefits of telenursing, it is recommended to include this affordable technology in health care programs.Key words: Diabetes، Telenursing ,Telephone follow-up، Blood glucose control، Quality of lif
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