13 research outputs found
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The Pakistan National Alliance of 1977
No full texttextThis study focuses on the Pakistan National Alliance (PNA) and the movement associated with that party, in the aftermath of the 1977 elections in Pakistan. Through this study, the author addresses the issue of regionalism and its effects on politics at a National level. A study of the course of the movement also allows one to look at the problems in representation and how ideological stances merge with material conditions and needs of the country’s citizenry to articulate the desire for, what is basically, an equitable form of democracy that is peculiar to Pakistan. The form of such a democratic system of governance can be gauged through the frustrations and desires of the variety of Pakistan’s oppressed classes. Moreover, the fissures within the discourses that appear through the PNA, as well as their reassessment and analysis helps one formulate a fresh conception of resistance along different matrices of society within the country.Asian Studie
Distribution of Carbon Stock by Land in Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra
No full textLand use and land cover changes impact on carbon losses in terrestrial areas. The loss of carbon increase carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere which is the major cause of global warming. Intensive land use and land cover changes took place in Banyuasin Regency from 2004-2014 led to changes in carbon stock distribution in the area. This study aimed to know how the distribution of carbon pools by land that occur in Banyuasin Regency. Research includes land use change, the amount of carbon stock changes, carbon balance and CO2 emissions/sequestration. The study was conducted from June 2015 to February 2016. The method used was the method that calculates land use change and land cover in 2004-2009 and 2009-2014, calculation of carbon stocks using allometric equations and destructive sampling methods, and Carbon/CO2 emissions/sequestration calculations using stock difference method. The results showed that during the period 2004-2014 the carbon balance moved toward the negative direction. Average carbon stock per hectare was 338.28 tons while average carbon loss was 0.45% per year. CO2 sequestration amounted to 29.298.966 tons while the emission was 118,044,141 tons, of which net emission was 88,745,175 tons. The average CO2 emitted from above ground carbon pools, necromass carbon pools, litter carbon pools and belowrground carbon pools was 7 tons ha-1 yr-1, while CO2 emissions from soil organic C pools was 0.61 ton ha-1 yr-1 .Emission sources were dominated by changes in land use and land cover of peat swamp forests, secondary mangrove forests, primary mangrove forests and secondary swamp forests. While the source of sequestration came from changes in Rubber monoculture on peat, palm oil plantations, rubber monoculture, and shrubs. Key Words: Land use and land cover, carbon pool distribution, CO2 emissions/sequestratio
Modular System Recirculating Aquarium Management for Sustainable Ornamental Coral Production
No full textIndonesian waters have potential ornamental coral resources in South Sulawesi waters, especially in Karanrang Island, which still need to be optimally utilized by the fishing community. The main objective of this community service is to increase the understanding and skills of the community in managing coral transplantation in situ and caring for them in an environmentally friendly modular system aquarium based on re-circulation. Adopting the ABCD (Asset-Based Community Development) method, this approach begins with the identification of local assets, including the expertise and skills of the karanrang island community. Subsequently, capacity building is carried out by utilizing these assets, and the community is actively involved in the planning and implementation process. Results included increased community knowledge on technological innovations of modular circulation systems holding aquarium design at the household scale and post-harvesting of coral transplant farming products for holding in aquariums. This process contributed to the development of the local ornamental coral sector, empowered the community, and opened up product marketing opportunities at both local and international levels
Critical Path Method pada Crashing Project Pembangunan Gedung Business Park Citraland City Losari Makassar
No full textDealing with project delays can be done by accelerating project work, known as crashing projects. This study uses the Critical Path Method (CPM) with the alternative of adding 6.3 hours of overtime per day and adding 25% of the total workforce per work item. This research is conducted by analyzing the network that is on the critical path and accelerating the work items that are on the critical path The purpose of this study is to determine the duration (time) of the project implementation crash, compare the time and cost of project implementation before and after project implementation. In this case, the building studied by the author is the construction project of the Citraland City Losari Makassar Ruko Business Park. The results showed that the duration became 56 days 51% faster than the normal duration of 109 days. Regarding this, the direct cost had changed from Rp. 2,759,614,089.00 to Rp. 2,930,874,985.09. The indirect costs also changed. The initial cost has increased as much as Rp. 127,024,719.08 so that the total project value is Rp. 3,159,567,673.76
NERACA KARBON, EMISI DAN SERAPAN HISTORIS CO2 KARENA PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DI KABUPATEN BANYUASIN, SUMATERA SELATAN
No full textLand use change is the cause of carbon loss from land. The loss of this carbon becomes a source of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere that can cause global warming. Intensive land use and land cover occurred in Kabupaten Banyuasin from 2004-2014. The purpose of this study. to create carbon balance, emissions and sequestration of CO2 during the period of 2004 - 2014 in Banyuasin Regency caused by land use change and land cover change. The method used to create carbon balance using land use change matrix, carbon calculation of each carbon pool by allometric method, destructive sample and organic C by Walkley and Black method. Stock diference method for analysis of changes in carbon storage, CO2 emissions and CO2 sequestration. The results of this study indicate that the 2004-2014 carbon balance in Banyuasin Regency is negative, with a carbon loss of 22,033,277 tons with an average annual carbon loss of 2,203,327 tons. CO2 sequestration of 29,298,966 tons and CO2 emissions 118,044,141 tons, while net emissions 88,745,175 tons. Average net CO2 emissions from above ground carbon pools, carbon necromassa pools, litter carbon pools and underground carbon pools are 7 tonnes ha-1 year-1, whereas CO2 emissions from organic soil C 0.61 tonnes ha- 1 year-1. The largest contributor of CO2 emissions in Banyuasin Regency are sequentially caused by changes in peat swamp forests, secondary mangrove forests, primary mangrove forests and secondary swamp forests. While the source of sequestration is the change of monoculture rubber peat, oil palm, rubber monoculture and shrubs
Karakteristik Probiotik Bakteri Fakultatif Mixotrofik yang Diisolasi dari Tambak Udang
No full textABSTRACT: The shrimp farming industry continuously requires new technology in an effort to increase production output. Probiotics are non-pathogenic microorganisms, non-toxic, and without any adverse side effects when administered to aquatic organisms. Mixotrophic facultative bacteria isolated from intensive shrimp ponds are able to decompose ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in pond water. However, the potential of mixotrophic facultative bacteria to become probiotics still needs to be evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of mixotrophic facultative bacteria in producing extracellular proteolytic, amylolytic and lipolytic. Data obtained in the form of the enzyme activity from four selected isolates of facultative mixotrophic bacteria were statistically analyzed using SPSS. The test results showed that isolates AOB1 isolates did not have extracellular proteolytic activity, AOB1, AOB13, AOB28 isolates had proteolytic and lipolytic activities, while isolates SOB31 had proteolytic, amylolytic, and lipolytic activities. SOB31 isolate showed the largest proteolytic, amylolytic, and lipolytic activity based on the resulting clear zone.
ABSTRACT: Industri budidaya udang senantiasa membutuhkan teknologi baru dalam upaya peningkatan hasil produksi. Probiotik adalah mikroorganisme nonpatogenik, tidak beracun dan tanpa efek samping yang merugikan bila diberikan pada organisme akuatik. Bakteri fakultatif mixotrofik yang diisolasi dari tambak udang intensif mampu menguraikan amonia dan hidrogen sulfida dalam air tambak. Namun potensi bakteri fakultatif mixotrofik un menjadi probiotik masih perlu dievaluasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi potensi bakteri fakultatif mixotrofik dalam menghasilkan proteolitik, amilolitik dan lipolitik ekstraseluler. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode desriptif berupa aktivitas enzimatis empat isolat terpilih bakteri fakultatif mixotrofik. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa isolat AOB1 tidak memiliki aktivitas proteolitik ekstraseluler, isolat AOB13, AOB28 mempunyai aktivitas proteolitik, amilolitik, dan lipolitik. Isolat SOB31 memiliki aktivitas proteolitik, amilolitik dan lipolitik terbesar berdasarkan zona bening yang dihasilkan. 
Antioxidant status and oxidative stress markers of white faeces syndrome-infected Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone)
No full textShrimp farming industry experiences massive losses due to white faeces syndrome (WFS) infection. The virus causes oxidative damage in shrimp tissues, subsequently resulting in shrimp mortality within a relatively short time. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in antioxidant defence mechanisms and the level of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation in the hepatopancreas, gills and flesh of WFS-infected Litopenaeus vannamei under laboratory conditions. The experimental animals were
injected with WFS, and hepatopancreas, gill and flesh samples were collected at intervals of 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-infection. Lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were analysed in WFS-infected shrimps. Interestingly, protein carbonyl and lipid peroxidation as oxidative markers in the shrimp’s tissue were higher in infected organs than in uninfected controls. Additionally, a significant drop in GSH-Px activity was observed over the 72-hour period post-infection in all of the infected tissues analysed, with different trends observed for CAT-SOD activities. Thus, the results demonstrated that the endogenous antioxidant defences in WFS-infected shrimp failed to counteract the presence of excessive free radicals during the 72-hour period post-infection, leading to inactivation of enzymes in infected shrimp
The selected facultative mixotrophic sulphur-oxidizing bacteria from intensive shrimp ponds.
No full textThe research was conducted to characterize and screen sulphur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) from three intensive shrimp farms in the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bacteria were isolated using sulphur-oxidation medium (SOM) with the direct plating method. A volume of 0.1 mL of the diluted sample was poured into SOM agar medium and incubated at 30°C for 24 hours. A total number of 48 facultative mixotrophic SOB isolates were obtained and considered as positive SOB due to their abilities using thiosulphate for growth. Three SOB isolates such as SOB15, SOB26, and SOB31 were selected based on their abilities to grow faster, produce the highest sulphate ion and reducing the pH in the growth medium. Results showed that the optimum pH of all SOB isolates occurred at pH 8.0. Meanwhile, the optimum temperature for SOB15, SOB26, and SOB31 isolates occurred at 35°C. The three isolates were classified as facultative mixotrophic with the capability of growth in thiosulphate medium
supplemented with yeast extract. This research reveals the ability of the selected SOB in the oxidation of thiosulphate, temperature and pH adaptabilities, with the metabolic flexibilities of isolates SOB15, SOB26, and SOB31 can be the prospective H2S removal agent in intensive shrimp farms
Bioecological Comparison of Angelfish (Pomacanthus sp.): Diversity of Habitat, Sex Ratio, Growth and Production Status in Coral Triangle Waters
No full textAngelfish (Pomacanthus sp.) is an ornamental fish that inhabits lush coral reefs. Despite requiring a healthy coral environment to grow and develop, this fish species is often hunted for its high price in the international market. This research aimed to determine the bio-ecology of angelfish, including its habitat, activity, size, structure, growth, and sex ratio, as well as to provide insights into its production status in the last nine years in South Sulawesi, especially in the waters of Pangkajene dan Kepulauan (Pangkep). The angelfish population was observed in waters adjacent to coral reefs in the coastal area of Pangkep. For this research, we used locally caught samples and determined their age using Gulland plot analysis. This study shows that the presence of angelfish does not have a positive correlation with live coral cover. However, their existence is influenced by coral growth forms, such as branching, sub-massive, and massive coral fissures. The samples of the caught angelfish were young, and their gonads were undeveloped. The allometric relationship between the weight and length of angelfish is slow, with them reaching a maximum length of 41.7 cm at 13 years. Based on the results of the study, we found that angelfish with a length of 10.1cm to 15cm are still relatively young and their gonads are still not developed. This size is in great demand in the market. This research also shows a decline in angelfish production. Thus, it is necessary to control the amount of catch and the minimum size of the first catch or provide a catch quota system for each year. The findings of this research can serve as a reference for policymakers, fishermen, and aquascape experts who wish to protect the angelfish population in their natural habitat
