70 research outputs found
A genome wide association study between CNVs and quantitative traits in Brown Swiss cattle
No full textCopy Number Variations (CNVs) are DNA sequences of 50 bp up to several Mb long, which can vary in number of copies in comparison with a reference genome. CNVs can be used in association studies to disclose genetic basis of quantitative traits phenotypic variation. Up to date, no genome-wide association study (GWAS) with CNVs and quantitative traits in such a large Brown Swiss population (i.e. with 1116 samples) has been described. The purpose of this study was to perform a GWAS using CNVs with functional, health and productive traits and to asses the impact on farming and breeding practices. The CNV – association studies were performed with the Golden Helix SVS 8.4.4 software using a correlation-trend test model. Genes within significant associated CNVs for each trait were annotated with a GO analysis using the DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7. A total of 56 CNVs were significantly associated with one or more of the eight evaluated traits. The greatest association signals were given by three CNVs on chromosome 12 for the fat yield trait and on BTA23 for udder traits. The associated CNVs overlap with 23 different genes annotated on the Bos taurus genome assembly (UMD3.1)
Systemic administration of insulin-like growth factor decreases motor neuron cell death and promotes muscle reinnervation
No full textNeonatal sciatic nerve axotomy causes motoneuron death and muscle denervation atrophy. The aim of the present study was to determine whether insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) administration promotes muscle reinnervation and counteracts motor neuron loss after such an injury. Six weeks after sciatic nerve axotomy performed in 2-day-old pups, the number of motor neurons, as assessed by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase injected into the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle, was reduced from 52 +/- 3 to 26 +/- 3. Subsequent administration of IGF-I at the doses of 0.02 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg increased the number of motor neurons to 35 +/- 2 and 37 +/- 5, respectively. The effect on motoneuron survival was accompanied by improved muscle fibre morphometry and restoration of indirect EDL muscle isometric twitch tension, which was about 80 % of control values for both doses of IGF-I compared with 60% observed with saline treatment. Reinnervated EDL muscle from saline-treated rats cannot hold tetanic tension, which is, however, achieved after IGF-I treatment at either dose. Thus, both high and low doses of IGF-I counteracted motoneuron death and improved muscle reinnervation following neonatal sciatic nerve axotomy. IGF-I at 5 microg/kg failed to increase muscle reinnervation
Apparent total tract digestibility, fecal characteristics, and blood parameters of healthy adult dogs fed high fat diets
No full textPet foods may be formulated with decreased starch to meet consumer demands for less processed diets. Fats and oils may be added to low starch diets to meet energy requirements, but little is known about its effects on canine health. The study objective was to evaluate the effects of feeding healthy adult dogs low carbohydrate, high-fat diets on apparent total tract digestibility, fecal characteristics, and overall health status. Eight adult beagles were enrolled in a replicated 4x4 Latin Square design feeding trial. Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary fat level treatments (T) within each period: 32% (T1), 37% (T2), 42% (T3), and 47% (T4) fat on a dry matter basis. Fat levels were adjusted with inclusion of canola oil added to a commercial diet. Each dog was fed to exceed their energy requirement based on NRC (2006). Blood samples were analyzed for complete blood counts, chemistry profiles, and canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity levels. Apparent total tract digestibility improved (P P = 0.002). There was no effect of fat level on stool quality or short chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations in fecal samples (P ≥ 0.20). Blood urea nitrogen levels decreased with increased fat level (P = 0.035). No significant differences were seen in canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (P = 0.110). All blood parameters remained within normal reference intervals. In summary, increased dietary fat improved apparent total tract digestibility, did not alter fecal characteristics, and maintained the health status of all dogs.This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Journal of Animal Science following peer review. The version of record Kilburn, Logan R., Karin Allenspach, Albert E. Jergens, Agnes Bourgois-Mochel, Jonathan P. Mochel, and Mariana C. Rossoni Serao. "Apparent total tract digestibility, fecal characteristics, and blood parameters of healthy adult dogs fed high fat diets." Journal of Animal Science (2020) is available online at DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa043. Posted with permission.</p
Magma: breviário de rosa
No full textMagma é o volume de poemas que marcou a estréia literária de João Guimarães Rosa, tendo no entanto permanecido inédito por mais de sessenta anos e sido até o momento relegado à marginalidade pela maior parte da crítica. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para o resgate desse livro, bem como levantar, no discurso do mesmo, elementos úteis para o reconhecimento da sua inserção ideológica no conjunto da obra do autor. Com esse intento, procede-se à análise do universo simbológico plasmado por seus textos componentes, através do que se consegue identificar em Magma a inquietação anagógica que é o cerne da literatura rosiana.Magma is the poems volume that set out the literary debut of João Guimarães Rosa, although have stayed inedited over sixty years and until now have been discarded by the majority of the critique. The aim of the present work is to contribute to the ransom of that book and to find in its discourse able factors to its insertion into the whole author production. With that purpose, is accomplished the analysis of the symbological universe shaped by its component texts, with what is possible to identify in Magma the anagogical inquietud that is the pith of the Guimarães Rosa literature.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Análise histopatológica e proteômica da resistência/suscetibilidade do tecido foliar de macieira (Malus domestica Borkh.) a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais.A maçã é a segunda fruta de maior importância econômica no Brasil, e Santa Catarina é o principal Estado produtor com 53% nacional da produção total do Brasil. A sua maçã se concentra principalmente em duas cultivares, Gala e Fuji, que representam em torno de 95% da produção. Esta concentração em poucas variedades predispõe à ocorrência de várias doenças, dentre elas aquelas conhecidas como "podridão amarga" e "mancha foliar da Glomerella" (MFG), as quais causam elevadas perdas na produção. Estas doenças são ocasionadas pelo ataque do patógeno fúngico Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., responsável pela doença nos frutos e nas folhas da macieira, respectivamente. A MFG é uma doença típica de verão, podendo provocar desfolhamento superior a 75% e, como consequência, reduzir drasticamente a produção das plantas no ano seguinte. Esta doença ocorre principalmente na cv. Gala, enquanto que a cv. Fuji mostra-se resistente a ela. Recomendam-se várias medidas para controlar esta moléstia nas cvs. suscetíveis, medidas estas majoritariamente associadas ao controle com produtos químicos. Os resultados, contudo, são variáveis e pouco animadores. A incorporação de resistência nas cultivares suscetíveis para estas e outras moléstias poderá reduzir o uso de fungicidas em mais de 80%. O presente trabalho objetivou analisar o patossistema C. gloeosporioides - M. Domestica desde uma perspectiva microscópica, a qual visa analisar a dinâmica de crescimento do C. gloeosporioides ao longo do tempo (até 48 horas após a inoculação do patógeno sobre folhas de macieira cvs. Fuji e Gala) e as diferenças que apresentam os tecidos foliares das cvs, Fuji e Gala em resposta ao ataque pelo patógeno, até 48 horas da inoculação, mediante observações ao microscópio óptico e microscópio eletrônico de varredura (MEV). O trabalho objetivou também empregar metodologias associadas à proteômica, visando identificar as diferenças na expressão proteica que apresenta o tecido foliar das cvs. Fuji e Gala em resposta ao ataque pelo C. gloeosporioides, e identificar a estrutura primaria das proteínas expressadas exclusivamente em cada tratamento, para cada cultivar, até 48 horas da inoculação com o patógenoThe apple is the second most economically important fruit in Brazil, and Santa Catarina State is the main producing region with 53% of the total national production. The apple production is concentrated mainly in two cultivars Gala and Fuji, wich represent around 95% of production. This concentration in a few varieties predisposes to several diseases, among them those known as "bitter rot" and "Glomerella leaf spot" (GLS), wich cause high yield losses. These diseases are caused by the attack of the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., responsible for the disease on fruits and leaves of apple trees, respectively. Bitter rot and MFG are typically summer diseases, when they can cause defoliation above 75% and, consequently, dramatically reduce the production plant next year. The MFG occurs mainly in cv. Gala, while cv. Fuji is resistant to it. It is recommended several measures to control this disease in the cvs. suscetible, mostly associated with these measures to control with chemicals. The results, however, are variable and not very encouraging. The incorporation of resistance in cultivars susceptible to these and other diseases may reduce the use of fungicides in over 80%. This study aimed at to analyze the pathosystem C.gloeosporioides - M. domestica from a structural perspective, which aimed to evaluate the growth dynamics of C. gleosporioides over time up to 48 hours after inoculation of the pathogen on leaves of apple cvs. Fuji and Gala and the differences in the the leaf tissue of cvs. Fuji and Gala in response to pathogen attack by up to 48 hours after inoculations, by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The work also aimed to employ methodologies associated with proteomics, to identify differences in protein expression that has the leaf tissue of cvs. Fuji and Gala in response to the attack of C. gloeosporioides, and to identify the primary structure of proteins ocurring exclusively in each treatment in each cultivar 48 hours after inoculation with the pathoge
Bifurcations of emergent bursting in a neuronal network
No full textComplex neuronal networks are an important tool to help explain paradoxical phenomena observed in biological recordings. Here we present a general approach to mathematically tackle a complex neuronal network so that we can fully understand the underlying mechanisms. Using a previously developed network model of the milk-ejection reflex in oxytocin cells, we show how we can reduce a complex model with many variables and complex network topologies to a tractable model with two variables, while retaining all key qualitative features of the original model. The approach enables us to uncover how emergent synchronous bursting can arise from a neuronal network which embodies known biological features. Surprisingly, the bursting mechanisms are similar to those found in other systems reported in the literature, and illustrate a generic way to exhibit emergent and multiple time scale oscillations at the membrane potential level and the firing rate level
Isoproterenol Induces Vascular Oxidative Stress And Endothelial Dysfunction Via A Giα-coupled β2-adrenoceptor Signaling Pathway
No full textObjective: Sustained β-adrenergic stimulation is a hallmark of sympathetic hyperactivity in cardiovascular diseases. It is associated with oxidative stress and altered vasoconstrictor tone. This study investigated the β-adrenoceptor subtype and the signaling pathways implicated in the vascular effects of β-adrenoceptor overactivation. Methods and Results: Mice lacking the β1- or β2-adrenoceptor subtype (β1KO, β2KO) and wild-type (WT) were treated with isoproterenol (ISO, 15 μg.g-1.day-1, 7 days). ISO significantly enhanced the maximal vasoconstrictor response (Emax) of the aorta to phenylephrine in WT ( +34%) and β1KO mice (+35%) but not in β2KO mice. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME abolished the differences in phenylephrine response between the groups, suggesting that ISO impaired basal NO availability in the aorta of WT and β1KO mice. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), pertussis toxin (PTx) or PD 98,059 (p-ERK 1/2 inhibitor) incubation reversed the hypercontractility of aortic rings from ISO-treated WT mice; aortic contraction of ISO-treated β2KO mice was not altered. Immunoblotting revealed increased aortic expression of Giα-3 protein (+50%) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (+90%) and decreased eNOS dimer/monomer ratio in ISO-treated WT mice. ISO enhanced the fluorescence response to dihydroethidium (+100%) in aortas from WT mice, indicating oxidative stress that was normalized by SOD, PTx and L-NAME. The ISO effects were abolished in β2KO mice. Conclusions: The β2-adrenoceptor/Giα signaling pathway is implicated in the enhanced vasoconstrictor response and eNOS uncoupling-mediated oxidative stress due to ISO treatment. 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ГЕРМЕНЕВТИКА ЯК ПОДІЯ СЕНСУ: МІЖ МОВОЮ, БУТТЯМ ТА ІСТОРІЄЮ
No full textThe article explores a radical shift in contemporary philosophy – from a technical conception of understanding to its interpretation as an event occurring at the intersection of language, being, and history. The author develops an ontologically oriented hermeneutics that treats meaning not as a pre-given essence, but as something that arises anew each time – in dialogue, linguistic articulation, and historical situation. Understanding appears not as a neutral transmission of meaning, but as a living, unpredictable encounter that transforms not only the content but also the interpreter themselves. Hermeneutics is presented not as a method, but as a mode of human existence that opens a space for self-understanding and dialogue. Drawing on classical thinkers (Schleiermacher, Dilthey, Heidegger, Gadamer, Ricœur) and contemporary scholars (Walhof, Carvalho, Engelland, Rossoni), the author emphasizes that language is not a tool of transmission, but an event of meaning’s emergence. The article analyzes the hermeneutic circle, the intersubjective conditioning of understanding, and the historicity of meaning as a space for the formation of identity. In the post-truth era, hermeneutics emerges not only as a philosophical stance, but as an existential necessity that helps human beings find themselves within a world of meaning pluralism.У статті досліджується радикальний зсув у сучасній філософії – від технічного уявлення про розуміння до його осмислення як події, що відбувається в перехресті мови, буття й історії. Автор розвиває онтологічно орієнтовану герменевтику, яка розглядає сенс не як готову сутність, а як те, що виникає щоразу наново – в діалозі, мовній артикуляції та історичній ситуації. Розуміння постає не як нейтральне передавання значення, а як жива, непередбачувана зустріч, що трансформує не лише зміст, а й самого інтерпретатора. Герменевтика постає тут не як метод, а як спосіб людського буття, що відкриває простір для саморозуміння та діалогу. Спираючись на класиків (Шляєрмахер, Дільтай, Гайдеґґер, Ґадамер, Рікер) та сучасних дослідників (Walhof, Carvalho, Engelland, Rossoni), автор підкреслює, що мова – не засіб передачі, а подія виникнення смислу. Аналізуються герменевтичне коло, інтерсуб’єктивна зумовленість розуміння та історичність сенсу як простору формування ідентичності. У часи після істини герменевтика виявляється не лише філософською позицією, а екзистенційною необхідністю, що допомагає людині знаходити себе у світі смислової множинності
Analysis of environmental, technical, and economic forecasts for the potential use of biogas energy in the controlled solid waste landfill in the municipality of Ribeirão das Neves, Minas Gerais
No full textO presente estudo avaliou a viabilidade técnica, ambiental e econômica do potencial do aproveitamento energético do biogás no aterro controlado de resíduos sólidos de Ribeirão das Neves-MG. A sociedade desenvolve-se através de um complexo sistema de uso dos recursos naturais e geração de resíduos. A produção de resíduos sólidos urbanos apresenta grandes disparidades, variando tanto no nível dos vários países do mundo, como, dentro de cada país, de região para região onde a assimetria é evidente e requer um processo de gerenciamento com protocolos e técnicas nem sempre cumpridos. A decomposição dos resíduos confinados em aterros ou dispersos pelo ambiente emite gases relacionados às alterações atmosféricas. No presente estudo foram usadas duas metodologias para estimar a geração de biogás e gás metano, a recomendada pela Agência de Proteção Ambiental dos Estados Unidos e a do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas, bem como foi realizada a amostragem e composição gravimétrica dos resíduos sólidos urbanos conforme a metodologia simplificada indica pela FEAM em 2015 e a ABNT NBR 10.007;2004. Dados estimativos apontaram uma geração energética em 0,166 MW/h, para os resíduos dispostos no ACRN, conforme metodologia da US-EPA, até o ano de 2024 e a recuperação de gás metano (t/ CH4) é suficiente para manter em funcionamento uma microturbina. Os dados obtidos com a análise econômica apontaram o valor presente líquido de US 792,022.96 of investment and maintenance of operation over seven years, considering self-management, energy trading and emission reduction certification. A section of the present paper presents details of the current situation of the selective collection carried out by the network of scavengers, scrappers and cooperatives in the year 2017, evaluated from the perspective of Zero Waste, which determined a ZWI index of 0.0035 for Ribeirão das Neves. In one month, in 2017 40,955.50 liters of water were avoided; 50.5012 Gigajoule, which corresponds to 14,028 MWh of energy and there was a non-emission of 4.9 tons of CO2 in the atmosphere, with an amount of 9,594 kg of waste directed for recycling or reuse. Finally, the author proposed an integrated system for the inoculation of methanogenic bacteria, controlled hydration, percolated and biogas collection, as well as a recycler for paper and cardboard. It is important to emphasize the importance of encouraging the implementation of available technologies and adaptations in the sense of potentializing energy use as a suitable destination for greenhouse gases.Instituto Federal de Minas Gerai
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