740 research outputs found
If This is The Time : Photographed in Ghana by Michael Semak = Tant qu'il y a la vie : Photographié au Ghana par Michael Semak
No full textIncludes a brief introductory test as well as excerpts from Kwesi Brew's poem "The Harvest". Biographical notes on Semak and Brew
ANALISIS VEGETASI STRATA SEMAK DI PLAWANGAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG MERAPI PASCA ERUPSI MERAPI 2010
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis vegetasi strata semak yang memiliki peranan paling besar berdasarkan Indeks Nilai Pentingnya, Indeks diversitas jenis strata semak dan pengaruh lingkungan abiotik yang meliputi (suhu udara, suhu tanah, kelembaban udara, pH tanah, kandungan besi (Fe), kadar silika (Si), kadar mangan (Mn) dan kapasitas pertukaran kation (KPK) dalam tanah) yang terdapat di daerah Plawangan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi Yogyakarta. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tiga area kajian yaitu area kajian A (dekat dengan erupsi merapi), area kajian B (agak jauh dengan erupsi merapi) dan area kajian C (jauh dengan erupsi merapi). Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode Point Centered Quarter (PCQ). Analisis data yang digunakan untuk mengetahui pola pengelompokan stand vegetasi strata semak terhadap faktor abiotik yang terukur adalah cluster dengan menggunakan program SPSS versi 16. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di Palawangan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi Yogyakarta diperoleh 12 jenis vegetasi strata semak. Vegetasi strata semak yang memiliki rerata INP tertinggi pada area kajian A (dekat dengan erupsi merapi) yaitu Chromolaena odorata (80.071 4%), Eupatorium riparium (41.7777 5%), dan Crotalaria striata (33 .84885%). Area kajian B (agak jauh dengan erupsi merapi) yaitu Chromolaena odorata (82.17 01%), Lantana camara (55.68935%), dan Eupatorium riparium (51.53475%). Dan pada area kajian C (jauh dengan erupsi merapi) yaitu Chromolaena odorata (78.4494%), Bambusa Sp (61.029%), dan Clidemia hirta D.Don. (35.8157%). Rerata Indeks Diversitas pada Area kajian A (1.73 ), area kajian B (1.64) dan Area kajian C (1.7). Faktor lingkungan abiotik yang berpengaruh terhadap pola pengelompokan stand vegetasi strata semak adalah Si, Fe dan Mn. Adapun kelembapan udara, suhu udara, suhu tanah, pH tanah, KPK tanah merupakan faktor abiotik yang tidak mempengaruhi pola pengelompokan stand. Melalui metode pengkajian, hasil penelitian yang dilakukuan di daerah Plawangan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi Yogyakarta dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif sumber belajar Biologi siswa SMA kelas X pada materi pembelajaran struktur dan fungsi ekosistem terestrial dalam bentuk CD pembelajaran.Kata kunci: Analisis vegetasi, Strata semak, Plawangan Taman Nasional Gunung Merap
Pembangunan senarai semak untuk mendapatkan data-data sensitif (HSD) dalam penyelidikan / Zurina Md. Nen … [et al.]
No full textSenarai Semak Highly Sensitive Data (HSD) adalah satu hasil inovasi yang dibangunkan sebagai pelengkap dan pemudah car a kepada kaedah penyelidikan sedia ada. Inovasi ini dilakukan khusus untuk membantu penyelidikyang ingin mendapatkan datayang bersifat sensitif terutamanya apabila ia melibatkan privasi kepada individu mahupun organisasi awam ataupun swasta. Pelbagai sebab menjadikan sesuatu data itu sensitif dan berbentuk rahsia kepada umum. Meskipun boleh diperoleh, usaha untuk mendapatkannya amatlah mencabar. Lazimnya, dalam penyelidikan yang melibatkan HSD, golongan penyelidik akan berhadapan dengan cabaran seperti penyaring maklumat dan pelbagai kerenah birokrasi. Proses ini menjadi lebih sukar apabila penyelidik tidak mempunyai pengalaman tentang bagaimana untuk menghadapi cabaran ini. Oleh itu, satu keperluan membangunkan satu senarai semak bagi memudahkan proses ini dilihat penting. Proses membangunkan senarai semak ini telah melalui proses kaji selidik atas talian bagi mendapatkan satu senarai yang menyeluruh. Kaji selidik ringkas yang telah dijalankan membuktikan bahawa proses mendapatkan HSD ini berdepan dengan pelbagai kekangan. Akibatnya, proses yang dianggap sukar dan rumit ini membantutkan minat golongan penyelidik untuk terus meneroka data-data penting seterusnya memberi kesan kepada hasil dapatan penyelidikan. Fakta ini telah menjadi asas kepadapenghasilan Senarai Semak HSD. Atas kesedaran ini, satu senarai semak yang komprehensif meliputi tiga fasa penting dalam mengakses HSD telah didokumenkan. Terdapat tiga objektif senarai semak ini, iaitu: (1) menonjolkan cabaran-cabaran dalam mengakses maklumat yang sensitif; (2) mengenal pasti prosedur-prosedur untuk mendapatkan maklumat ini; dan (3) menyediakan senarai semak untuk membantuprosesproses ini. Oleh itu, diharapkan Senarai Semak HSD ini dapat memberi manfaat kepada para penyelidik dari pelbagai cabang disiplin di institusi pengajian tinggi dan juga pihak industri, terutamanya dalam kalangan penyelidik baharu
PERANAN TANAMAN SEMAK DALAM UPAYA MENGURANGI POLUTAN NOx DAN CO
No full textTanaman pada umumnya terdiri dari jenis pohon,perdu dan semak. Tanaman semak merupakan jenis tanaman berpostur paling rendah dibandingkan dengan jenis pohon dan perdu. Pada jalur hijau jalan, tanaman dapat ditanam/ditempatkan menerus berdampingan dengan trotoar atau dengan bahu jalan, umunya ditanami tanaman jenis pohon. Namun untuk penempatan dengan menggunakan pot, dapat juga ditanami jenis perdu atau semak. Penempatan tanaman pada pemisah jalur (median jalan), sesuai dengan aturan yang telah ditetapkan, pada umumnya hanya cocok ditanami jenis perdu atau semak. Pada taman kota, dimana dapat difungsikan sebagai "paru-paru" kota, kombinasi ke tiga jenis tanaman tadi, dapat digunakan.
Manfaat Ruang Terbuka Hijau seperti ini, yang paling penting adalah sebagai pengaman lingkungan hidup di perkotaan dari berbagai macam bentuk pencemaran, termasuk pencemaran udara.
Peranannya dalam meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan jalan, tanaman semak merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang dapat dikombinasikan dengan jenis perdu ataupun jenis pohon. Dalam hal ini, bukan dari segi estetikannya saja namun perlu dikaji peranannya dalam meningkatkan pelayanan pengguna jalan dan lingkungan di sekitarnya, yaitu antara lain kenyamanan dalam segi kesehatan, yaitu pengurangan polusi yang terjadi pada suatu lokasi.
Hasil penelitian menunujukkan bahwa tanaman semak dapat mereduksi NOx : (20.49 - 54.42) % dan mereduksi CO : (35.14 - 92.22) %
Kata kunci : Pencemaran Udara, kendaraan bermotor, tanaman semakVegetation in roadway environment consists in general of trees, shrubs and bushes. Bushes are the vegetation type with lowest posture compared to trees and shrubs. On the green path of the roadway environment, vegetation can be grown along the side walk or roadway shoulder, in general with tress. However, by using pot type vegetation, shrubs and bushes can also be grown. The vegetation type for roadway median is according to regulations only allowed for shrubs and bushes.City parks, functioning as breathing path or city lungs can be grown with a combination all tress type of vegetation.
The benefits of green open are most important in protecting the living environment all tress type of vegetation.
The benefits of green open areas are most important in protecting the living environment in cities against varoius pollutions including air pollution.
Bush vegetation is a vegetation type that can be combined with shrubs and trees, in reducing pollution and improving the air quality of the roadway environment.
In this case study, the role of bushes is not only investigated from esthetical point of view, but mainly on the improvement of public service for road users and surrounding environment, creating benefits like comfort in environmental health.
Result of studies shown that bushes are reducing NOx : (20.49 - 54.42) % and CO : (35.14 - 92.22) %
Keywords : Air Pollution, Vehicle, bushe
Synthesis of 1S-ethyl-4-substituted quinolizidines and other potentially bioactive compounds
No full text[spa] Esta Tesis Doctoral se presenta como Compendio de publicaciones. Los capítulos en los que se ha dividido la presente Tesis son los siguientes:
Capítulo 1 – parte A: Enantioselective, Protecting Group-Free Synthesis of 1S-Ethyl-4-Substituted Quinolizidines
Se ha descrito una síntesis enantioselectiva que no implica grupos protectores para acceder a la quinolizidina clave 6 a partir de la lactama bicíclica derivada de fenilglicinol 1. La adición de un reactivo organometálico a 6 ocurre de manera estereoselectiva para conducir a las quinolizidinas 1S-etil-4-sustituidas 4-epi-207I y 7-9. Siguiendo una secuencia sintética análoga, se preparó el compuesto 9a-epi-6. Sin embargo, la adición de reactivos de Grignard al compuesto 9a-epi-6 no ocurre de manera estereoselectiva.
Capítulo 1 – parte B: A practical procedure for the removal of the phenylethanol moiety from phenylglycinol-derived lactams
Las lactamas bicíclicas no racémicas derivadas de fenilglicinol se han relevado como intermedios clave en la preparación de compuestos nitrogenados enantiopuros. En este capítulo se describe la eliminación del inductor quiral de piperidonas sustituidas utilizando aire u oxígeno en medio básico.
Capítulo 2: Synthesis of triheptanoin and formulation as a solid diet for rodents
En el presente estudio se describe la síntesis eficaz de triheptanoina de elevada pureza a partir de glicerol y ácido heptanoico, en presencia de carbono sulfonado como catalizador. La triheptanoina se formula como un sólido estable para que constituya la base de una dieta cetogénica mediante la combinación de custro gentes de formulación comerciales; dos tipos de sílica, celulosa microcristalina y talco. La adecuación de la dieta se prueba en ratones C57BI/6 en un periodo de 15 días, comparando el estado general y el cambio de peso corporal.
Capítulo 3: Toluene dioxygenase (TDO) mediated oxidation of halogen-substituted benzoate esters
Una serie de esteres benzoicos metílicos sustituidos en o-, m- y p- se han sometido a hidroxilación enzimática via fermetación con E. coli JM109 8pDTG601A). Solo se metabolizaron los benzoatos sustituidos en orto. El 2-fluorobenzoato de metilo produjo regioselectivamente solo un diol mientras que el 2-cloro, 2-bromo y 2-iodobenzoato de metilo proporciona una mezcla de regioisómeros.
Capítulo 4: Dauben–Michno oxidative transposition of allylic cyanohydrins
Enantiomeric switch of (–)-carvone to (+)-carvone
Cuando cianohidrinas alílicas se someten a la reacción de oxidación de Dauben-Michno a bajas temperaturas se accede a β-cianoenonas en buenos a excelentes rendimientos. El potencial de esta trasposición oxidativa se pone de manifiesto en enonas que contienen un plano latente de simetría como por ejemplo la conversión de la (-)-carvona en su enantiomero.[eng] A dissertation submitted by Vladislav SEMAK to obtain a doctoral degree from University of Barcelona. This thesis was developed under the supervision of Dr. Carmen Escolano Mirón from Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona. This doctoral thesis is presented as a compendium of publications. The thesis is divided in four chapters:
CHAPTER 1 – PART A: Enantioselective, Protecting Group-Free Synthesis of
1S-Ethyl-4-Substituted Quinolizidines (Amat, M.; Semak, V.; Escolano, C.; Molins, E.; Bosch, J. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2012, 10, 6866-6875.)
A practical enantioselective protecting group-free four-step route to the key quinolizidinone 6 from phenylglycinol-derived bicyclic lactam 1 is reported. The organometallic addition reaction upon 6 takes place stereoselectively to give 1-ethyl-4-substituted quinolizidines 4-epi-207I and 7-9. Following a similar synthetic sequence, 9a-epi-6 is also accessed. However, the addition of Grignard reagents upon 9a-epi-6 proceeds in a non-stereoselective manner. In order to gain insight into the different stereochemical outcome in the two series, theoretical calculations on the iminium salts A and B have been performed. The study concludes that the addition of the hydride, which is the step that determines the configuration of the final products, occurs in a stereoelectronic controlled manner.
CHAPTER 1 – PART B: A practical procedure for the removal of the phenylethanol moiety
from phenylglycinol-derived lactams (V. Semak; C, Escolano; C. Arróniz; J. Bosch; M. Amat Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2010, 21, 2542-2549.)
Chiral non-racemic bicyclic lactams derived from phenylglycinol have been appointed as key building blocks for the preparation of enantiopure nitrogen compounds. The removal of the chiral inductor leading to substituted piperidones by using air or oxygen in basic media is presented in this chapter.
CHAPTER 2: Synthesis of triheptanoin and formulation as a solid diet for rodents (Semak, V.; Semakova, J.; Halbaut, L.; Asó, E.; Ferrer, I.; Calpena, A.; Escolano, C.; Perales, J. C. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2012, 114, 889-895.)
In the present study, we successfully synthesized triheptanoin to the highest standards of purity from glycerol and heptanoic acid, using sulfonated charcoal as a catalyst. Triheptanoin oil was then formulated as a solid, stable and palatable preparation using a ketogenic base and a combination of four commercially available formulation agents: hydrophilic fumed silica, hydrophobic fumed silica, microcrystalline cellulose, and talc. Diet compliance and safety was tested on C57Bl/6 mice over a 15-week period, comparing overall status and body weight change.
CHAPTER 3: Toluene dioxygenase mediated oxidation of halogen-substituted benzoate esters (Semak, V.; Metcalf, T. A.; Endoma-Arias, M. A. A.; Mach, P.; Hudlicky, T. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2012, 10, 4407-4416.)
A series of ortho-, meta-, and para-halogen-substituted methyl benzoate esters was subjected to enzymatic dihydroxylation via the whole-cell fermentation with E. coli JM109 (pDTG601A). Only ortho-substituted benzoates were metabolized. Methyl 2-fluorobenzoate yielded one diol regioselectively whereas methyl 2-chloro-, methyl 2-bromo- and methyl 2-iodobenzoates each yielded a mixture of regioisomers. Absolute stereochemistry was determined for all new metabolites. Computational analysis of these results and a possible rationale for the regioselectivity of the enzymatic dihydroxylation is advanced.
CHAPTER 4: Dauben–Michno oxidative transposition of allylic cyanohydrins. Enantiomeric switch of (–)-carvone to (+)-carvone. (Hudlicky, J. R.; Werner, L.; Semak, V.; Simionescu, R.; Hudlicky, T. Can. J. Chem. 2011, 89, 535-543.)
Allylic cyanohydrins were subjected to Dauben–Michno oxidation at low temperatures to provide β-cyanoenones in good to excellent yields. The potential of this oxidative transposition as a means of an enantiomeric switch of enones containing a latent plane of symmetry was tested by conversion of (–)-carvone to its enantiomer
Analisis Ekonomi Pemanfaatan Tepung Daun Semak Bunga Putih (Chromolaena Odorata) dalam Ransum Ayam Pedaging Umur 1- 42 Hari
No full textThe research has been made in Laboratory of Animal Husbandry Biology, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, September up to October 2008. The objective of the research would be to know the application level of semak bunga putih leaf powder (Chromolaena odorata) in broiler ration. The parameter measured in this research included total cost of production, production total, profit/loss, break event point (BEP) of production cost, break event point (BEP) of production volume and income over feed cost (IOFC). The research used 100 broilers of Abror Acress-CP 707 strain. This research also used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatment and five replications, the treatments were the percentage of semak bunga putih flour (Chromolaena odorata), i.e.,P0 (without semak bunga putih flour), P1 (5% of semak bunga putih flour), P2 (10% of semak bunga putih flour) P3 (15 % of semak bunga putih flour). The result of research indicated that highest average parameter of total production cost was Rp. 21574,89 and from least variance test, the application of bunga putih flour (Chromolaena odorata) indicated a significantly different (0,05 > P P 01) at each other treatment; the highest average of IOFC parameter was Rp. 1263,3. In conclusion, the application of semak bunga putih flour (Chromolaena odorata) did not make economic profit.57 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Semak Daun Island Aquatic Management Based On The Carrying Capacity in Conservation Coral Reef Ecosystem (Case Study: Water Semak Daun Island Administrative District Thousand Islands)
No full textThe existing floating cage culture activities in Semak Daun Island waters has enriched organic load to coral reefs ecosystem. The organic load came from food waste that enter the waters. Along with organic waste from various activities on land if not properly controlled lead to eutrophication, causing degradation of coral reefs through increased growth of macroalgae (overgrowth). Coral reef health in Semak Daun Island waters is indispensable for the success of sea ranching activities. It is necessary to study the condition coral reef ecosystems and assess the carrying capacity based on the optimal number of floating cages development activities, there for coral reefs ecosystem in Semak Daun Island waters remain sustain. This study was conducted from May to July 2013. The method used in this study is a survey method. Data collected included primary and secondary data. Analysis was done for percentage of coral and macroalgae coverage, herbivorous fish, aquatic productivity, estimation of organic waste and aquatic carrying capacity. Results showed that percentage of live coral coverage at Semak Daun Island waters are categorized moderate by the average percentage coverage of 44.95% and the average percentage cover of macroalgae was 42.24%. Herbivorous abundance is dominated by family Pomacentridae 32,140 individuals/ha. Chemical parameters for nitrate concentrations in the category mesotrofik, with a range of 0.136 mg/l - 0.364 mg/l. Waste loads estimation of net aquaculture that enter the waters was 1,178.1 Kg/ton/6 months of fish production (N 243.9 Kg/ton/6 months of fish and P 54.1 Kg/ton/6 months of fish). Estimated of anthropogenic waste load around the Semak Daun Island was 4,167 Kg N/6 months and 1,738.8 Kg P/6 months. Based on N load, the optimal - maximum carrying capacity of Semak Daun Island for grouper floating cages was 45 − 151 units (270 − 906 plot cages) or 2.8 – 9.4 ha of 9.99 ha area that appropriate for floating cage activities. In addition, based on dissolved oxygen, the optimal - maximum carrying capacity was 37 − 55 units (222 − 330 plot cages) or 2.3 – 3.4 ha of 9.99 ha area that appropriate for floating cage activities
Diseases prevalence of Acropora corals: Study on Semak Daun Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta
No full textCoral reefs have undergone significant degradation as a result of the impact of human disturbance and natural factors on biodiversity and ecosystem function. The impacts ranged from an increase in the appearance of coral bleaching, coral disease, to coral death. Especially for coral disease, it is confirmed that it has contributed to the reduction of live coral cover and the productivity of coral reef ecosystems. The coral disease can be epidemic due to environmental pressures, both anthropogenic and natural, as well as infection from pathogenic microbes. Recently in several places, including Semak Daun Island, Seribu Islands-Jakarta, it was reported that the condition of coral reef cover had increased. However, a high percent of coral cover can increase disease prevalence and abundance. Acropora coral is a type of coral that is commonly found on Semak Daun Island. However, these corals are very susceptible to stress so that the threat of disease is high. So it is necessary to conduct a study that aims to determine the type and prevalence of diseases that disturb Acropora coral in Semak Daun Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta. The field survey was carried out for coral observation using the line transect method at four stations. Coral disease identification refers to the Coral Disease Handbook and Underwater Cards for Assessing Coral Health. Observation objects, both coral species, and signs of disease were documented using underwater cameras. The study results indicate that 15 types of Acropora corals were dominated by A. humilis. Meanwhile, two groups of diseases were found, namely Tissue loss - Predation caused by the COTS and Drupella, while those from the Compromised Health group included RFA, SD, and Sponges
Multiferroicity and hydrogen-bond ordering in (C2H5NH3)2CuCl4 featuring dominant ferromagnetic interactions
No full textWe demonstrate that ethylammonium copper chloride, (C2H5NH3)2CuCl4, a member of the hybrid perovskite family is an electrically polar and magnetic compound with dielectric anomaly around the Curie point (247 K). We have found large spontaneous electric polarization below this point accompanied with a color change in the sample. The system is also ferroelectric, with large remnant polarization (37??C/cm2) that is comparable to classical ferroelectric compounds. The results are ascribed to hydrogen-bond ordering of the organic chains. The coexistence of ferroelectricity and dominant ferromagnetic interactions allows to relate the sample to a rare group of magnetic multiferroic compounds. In such hybrid perovskites the underlying hydrogen bonding of easily tunable organic building blocks in combination with the 3d transition-metal layers offers an emerging pathway to engineer multifuctional multiferroics
Pemanfaatan Semak Bunga Putih (Chromolaena odorata) dalam Ransum Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kelinci Jantan Umur
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji tingkat pemberian tepung daun semak bunga putih (Chromolaena odorata) dalam ransum terhadap konsumsi, pertambahaan bobot badan dan konversi ransum kelinci jantan umur 8-18 minggu. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan 4 ulangan masing-masing ulangan terdiri dari 2 ekor ternak. Dengan perlakuan yaitu R0 (ransum tanpa pemberian tepung daun semak bunga putih sebagai kontrol), R1, R2, R3, R4, dan R5 (masing-masing terdiri dari 7%, 14%, 21%, 28% dan 35% tepung daun semak bunga putih dalam ransum). Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu konsumsi ransum (g/ekor/minggu), pertambahaan bobot badan (g/ekor/minggu) dan konversi ransum. Berdasarkan analisis statistika pemanfaatan tepung daun semak bunga putih (Chromolaena odorata) dalam ransum kelinci jantan memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata (P>0.05) untuk setiap parameter. Dengan demikian, tepung daun semak bunga putih dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai konsentrat sampai tingkat 35% dalam ransum kelinci jantan umur 8-18 minggu.The objective of this research was to observe the level of Chromolaena odorata in feed on feed intake, average weekly gain and feed convertion ratio of male rabbit on 8-18 weeks of age. The method was conducted by completely randomized design (CRD), which was consist of six treatments and four replications each replications consist of two male rabbit. The treatments were R0 (feed without Chromolaena odorata leaf meal as a control), R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 (each treatment was containing 7%, 14%, 21%, 28% and 35% Chromolaena odorata leaf meal in feed). The three parameters of the research were: feed intake (g/head/week), average weekly gain (g/head/week) and feed convertion ratio. Results of statistics analysis utilization of Chromolaena odorata in feed to growth of male rabbit showed that no significant difference (P>0,05) in all of parameters. In conclusion, the Chromolaena odorata leaf meal can be utilized in feed of male rabbit on 8-18 weeks up to 35% level.48 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
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