1,606 research outputs found
Differential efficacy of lithium and carbamazepine in the prophylaxis of bipolar disorder: Results of the MAP study
No full textIn a randomized clinical trial with an observation period of 2.5 years, the differential efficacy of lithium versus carbamazepine was compared in 171 bipolar patients (DSM-IV). In order to investigate the efficacy of the two drugs in clearly defined subsamples, a series of subgroup analyses was carried out. First, patients with a bipolar I disorder (n = 114) were analyzed separately. In these patients, lithium was superior to carbamazepine. In contrast, carbamazepine was at least equally as efficacious as lithium in the subsample of patients with bipolar II disorder or bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (n = 57). In a second analysis on differential efficacy, the whole sample was subdivided into a classical subgroup (bipolar I patients without mood-incongruent delusions and without comorbidity; n = 67) and a nonclassical subgroup including all other patients (n = 104). Classical bipolar patients had a significantly lower hospitalization rate under lithium than under carbamazepine prophylaxis (26 vs. 62%, p = 0.012). For the nonclassical group, a tendency in favor of carbamazepine was found. In a third step, we analyzed the impact of episode sequence on differential efficacy. In a global view, the episode sequence prior to the index episode was not correlated to differential efficacy. Our results might, however, indicate that patients with an episode sequence of mania-depression-free interval responded better to lithium. Besides differential efficacy, suicidal behavior and patients' satisfaction with treatment were investigated. Regarding suicidal behavior, a trend in favor of lithium was found. The data on patients' satisfaction were significantly in favor of carbamazepine. In conclusion, lithium appears to be superior to carbamazepine in classical bipolar cases and might have additional impact on proneness to suicide. The distinctly larger group of patients with nonclassical features might profit more from carbamazepine which seems to be well accepted by the patients. Hence, treatment alternatives to lithium a re desirable for the majority of bipolar patients. Copyright (C) 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel
Rudy (David R) Greil (Arthur L.) Is Alcoholics Anonymous a Religious Organization? Meditations on Marginality
No full textRudy (David R) Greil (Arthur L.) Is Alcoholics Anonymous a Religious Organization? Meditations on Marginality. In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°68/2, 1989. p. 189
Wer wird Amount A zahlen?
No full textKunka Petkova und Stefan Greil behandeln einen der zentralen Aspekte von Säule 1 des OECD-Zwei-Säulen-Projekts zur Lösung der steuerlichen Herausforderungen der Digitalisierung, nämlich die Vermeidung der Doppelbesteuerung. Die Autoren stellen verschiedene qualitative und quantitative Ansätze zur Vermeidung einer Doppelbesteuerung zusammen mit ihren Vor- und Nachteilen vor
Rudy (David R) Greil (Arthur L.) Is Alcoholics Anonymous a Religious Organization? Meditations on Marginality
No full textRudy (David R) Greil (Arthur L.) Is Alcoholics Anonymous a Religious Organization? Meditations on Marginality. In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°68/2, 1989. p. 189
A Book Review of Mariella Greil\u27s (2021) Being in Contact: Encountering a Bare Body Published by De Gruyter
No full textReview of Mariella Greil\u27s (2021) Being in Contact: Enountering a Bare Body, published by De Gruyter
Greil Marcus, Three Songs, Three Singers, Three Nations
No full textCette traduction de l’ouvrage de Greil Marcus, paru dans sa version originale en 2015 aux Harvard University Press, est une adaptation de ses conférences de 2013 à l’université d’Harvard. Dépourvu d’introduction et de conclusion, il est composé de trois chapitres traitant chacun d’un morceau que Marcus qualifie de « folk song », ce que le traducteur a choisi de rendre par « chansons traditionnelles » : « Ballad of Hollis Brown » de Bob Dylan, « Last Kind Words Blues » de Geeshie Wiley et « I ..
Sociological Cocoons: Organizations for the Transformation of Identity
No full textA paper presented by David R. Rudy and Arthur L. Greil at the annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion in the winter of 1980 on the rise of new religions
O furacão Katrina: Nova Orleans perdida na enchente
No full textTranslated by Idelber Avelar, a brief essay by Greil Marcus and Werner Sollors, taken from A New Literary History of America (Harvard University Press, 2009). In the essay, Marcus and Sollors reflect on the political effects of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans – and on the United States – based on the rereading of literary works that dealt with previous climate catastrophes that befell the region.Em tradução de Idelber Avelar, um breve ensaio de Greil Marcus e Werner Sollors, extraído de A New Literary History of America (Harvard University Press, 2009). No ensaio, Marcus e Sollors refletem acerca dos efeitos políticos do furacão Katrina sobre Nova Orleans – e sobre os Estados Unidos – a partir da releitura de obras literárias que trataram de catástrofes climáticas anteriores que se abateram sobre a região
GREIL-Crowds: Crowd Simulation with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Examples
No full textInternational audienceSimulating crowds with realistic behaviors is a difficult but very important task for a variety of applications. Quantifying how a person balances between different conflicting criteria such as goal seeking, collision avoidance and moving within a group is not intuitive, especially if we consider that behaviors differ largely between people. Inspired by recent advances in Deep Reinforcement Learning, we propose Guided REinforcement Learning (GREIL) Crowds, a method that learns a model for pedestrian behaviors which is guided by reference crowd data. The model successfully captures behaviors such as goal seeking, being part of consistent groups without the need to define explicit relationships and wandering around seemingly without a specific purpose. Two fundamental concepts are important in achieving these results: (a) the per agent state representation and (b) the reward function. The agent state is a temporal representation of the situation around each agent. The reward function is based on the idea that people try to move in situations/states in which they feel comfortable in. Therefore, in order for agents to stay in a comfortable state space, we first obtain a distribution of states extracted from real crowd data; then we evaluate states based on how much of an outlier they are compared to such a distribution. We demonstrate that our system can capture and simulate many complex and subtle crowd interactions in varied scenarios. Additionally, the proposed method generalizes to unseen situations, generates consistent behaviors and does not suffer from the limitations of other data-driven and reinforcement learning approaches
Yersinia enterocolitica leads to transient induction of TNF-alpha and activates NF-kappa B in synovial fibroblasts
No full textObjective. The importance of the presence of bacterial antigen or even living bacteria for the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis has been discussed increasingly ever since bacterial antigen was found in inflamed joints. Bacteria may persist in the body and drive the local immune response, maintaining arthritis. Cytokines, in particular tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), are essential for bacterial elimination. In reactive arthritis, the course of the disease is influenced by, several cytokines, including TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha expression can be Mediated by transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB). Moreover, TNF-alpha is also one of thestrongest activators of NF-kappaB. Methods In vitro expression of TNF-alpha and activation of NF-kappaB in synovial fibroblasts after infection with Yersinia enterocolitica or Salmonella enteritidis was analysed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, Western blot assay and real-time PCR. Results We found that infection of synovial fibroblasts with yersiniae and salmonellae lead to the transient expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and induction of NF-kappaB. Conclusion Induction of TNF-alpha in synovial fibroblasts after infection with yersiniae or salmonellae might be insufficient to eliminate bacteria, and this could allow the intracellular persistence of these bacteria. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that a permissive cytokine pattern might contribute to the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis
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