143 research outputs found
El ingenioso hidalgo como material para deleitar y enseñar. Sobre el Don Quixodes en el Angenehmes Passe-Tems (1734-1743) de David Fassmann
No full textThis article is about how the German author of the Enlightenment David Fassmann used Cervantes’ Quixote for his multi-volume work Angenehmes Passe-Tems. Fassmann invents a fictional setting in which two friends meet regularly to read different novels to each other and comment on their content. One of the four main texts performed, mixed with moral considerations, jokes, songs, etc., is Don Quixote. The first three volumes of the Angenehmes Passe-Tems are not based on Cervantes’ original, but a free version made from different French translations. It is shown which texts were used and how they are mixed with the author’s own contributions. Finally, Fassmann’s contribution to the reception of Don Quixote in Germany is analysed.Este artículo trata de cómo el autor alemán de la Ilustración David Fassmann utilizó el Quijote de Cervantes para varios volúmenes de su obra Angenehmes Passe-Tems. Fassmann inventa un escenario ficticio en el que dos amigos se reúnen regularmente para leerse varias novelas y comentar su contenido. Uno de los cuatro textos principales que se representan, mezclado con consideraciones morales, chistes, canciones, etc., es el Quijote. Los primeros tres tomos de los Angenehmes Passe-Tems no se basan en el original cervantino, sino que constituyen una versión libre realizada a partir de diferentes traducciones del francés. Se muestra qué textos se utilizaron y cómo se mezclan con las aportaciones del propio autor. Por último, se analiza la contribución de Fassmann a la recepción del Quijote en Alemania
Illustrations to “Gespräche in dem Reiche derer Todten zwischen dem vortreflichen Moscowitischen Czaar Petro Magno und dem grossen Tyrannen Ivan Basilowiz II” (Peter the Great and Ivan the Terrible) by David Fassmann (1725)
No full textThe journal created by David Fassmann (1683–1744), Gespräche in dem Reiche derer Todten, edited in Leipzig, was a huge success. Each of the 240 issues presents a dialogue between two historical figures from the afterworld. In the 83rd–86th Entrevuë, the interlocutors are Peter the Great and Ivan the Terrible. The texts of the four conversations were thoroughly examined by Eckhard Matthes (1987). The present paper explores how the illustrations to the 83rd–86th Entrevuë visualize the texts, which is significant as they were an important instrument for disseminating certain notions about Russia. While the illustration to the first dialogue of the suite juxtaposes Peter and Ivan, the illustration to the second one emphasizes the similarities between them. So the image of the “tyrant” and “barbarian” Ivan becomes a reference point with which a reader is urged to compare Peter’s deeds, seeing not only the differences but also the similarities. This greatly contributes to the creation of the multifaceted image of Russia of the early 18th century. The characters of the second illustration—a tiger and an executioner—can be identified as Ivan and Peter only if the reader takes into consideration an epigram to the illustration, the illustration to the previous dialogue, the text of the next Entrevuë, and facts about the execution of the strel’tsy known from other texts and images, about which Fassmann remains silent in the spirit of ars dissimulandi, which was typical for baroque culture. The paper offers an attempt to trace the iconography of the tyrant as a tiger. In the frontispiece to the 85th Entrevuë, a secretary bringing news from the world of the living and a portrait of Catherine I emphasize the connection of the past and the present, i.e., history and policy. Finally, the illustration to the last dialogue of the series returns to the glorification of Peter the Great declared in the first dialogue
Migration as a Catalyst of Serbia’s Development - Illusion or Real Potential?
No full textThis article examines the link between Serbia’s demographic and socioeconomic momentum on the one hand, and the migration phenomenon on the other. This is done both to determine the restrictions for development and to identify the potential scope for using migration as a catalyst of Serbia’s development as an emigration country. The revised push and pull model by Fassmann and Musil (2013) and the migration transition model (from emigration to immigration countries), developed by Fassmann and Reeger (2012) have been chosen as the article’s theoretical frame of reference. The emphasis in the article is on qualitative consideration of these topics, but one that is based on various types of records. To that end, the author has used statistics and the findings of various national studies conducted in the recent years
Regional policy in the Central and East European countries prior to the eastward enlargement of the EU, with special focus on regional policy developments in East Germany
No full textThe contribution investigates the status and the problems of establishing regional policies in selected CEE countries %28Czech Republic, Estonia, Poland, Slovenia, Hungary%29 in the preliminary stages of accession to EU. According to the rules of the European structural funds the European financial means can only be used, if the CEE applicants have their own regional policy which must be compatible to the regulations of the EU structural funds. The European Commission still criticises in its progress reports a number of deficits with respect to the formation of the regional policies in the applicant countries. From the Commission’s viewpoint the deficits are seen particularly within the administrative area. The contribution deals itself not only with the administrative aspects, but above all with the conceptional arrangements of the regional policies in the applicant countries. It is investigated, how the CEE countries handle the area designation, whether there exists a regional policy strategy and what kind of strategy (growth vs. equalisation) will be preferred and whether there have been designed policy instruments being suitable to implement the regional policy strategy and what types of instruments are designated to be used. The outlined questions have played an important role since the beginning of the 90''''s also in Germany, when the new German Länder were integrated into the German and European regional policy. Therefore the East German experiences of developing a regional policy which corresponds to the existing regional problems are also included into the contribution. The contribution is based on the analysis of literature and documents about the regional policy in CEE countries and in the new German Länder as well as of documents of the EU, in which the regional policy of CEE applicant countries is analysed and evaluated.
Volume of ipecac-induced emesis as a function of the volume of fluids administered
No full textdissertationIpecac syrup is the emetic of choice for decamination of the stomach in many drug overdoses and poison ingestions. Ipecac is derived from the dried root of Cephalis ipecacuanha or C. acuminate, plants indiginous to Brazil and Central America, and cultivated in India and Malaysia. The active emetic principles in ipecac have been identified as the alkaloids, emetine and cephaeline. Ipecac is used as an emetic in the United States in the form of ipecac syrup USP. Ipecac syrup is inexpensive, readily available, easy to use, and relatively fast acting. The oral administration of fluids, given immediately prior to or immediately after ipecac syrup, is thought to be of some clinical importance as an enhancement of emesis. Anecdotal information suggests that greater amounts of fluid taken by the patient concurrently with ipecac syrup produces more effective emesis. The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between volume of fluids taken with ipecac syrup and the volume of emesis produced. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between administration of differing amounts of fluids with ipecac syrup and the volume of emesis
Age at First Birth, Fertility, and Contraception in Tanzania
No full textThe first visible outcome of the fertility process is the birth of the first child. The first birth marks a woman's transition into motherhood. It plays a significant role in the future life of each individual woman and has a direct relationship with fertility. The age at which child bearing begins influences the number of children a woman bears throughout her reproductive period in the absence of any active fertility control. For countries in sub-Saharan Africa, where contraceptive use is relatively low, younger ages at first birth tend to boost the number of children a woman will have. However, even when family planning is widespread, the timing of first births can affect completed family size if contraception is used for spacing but not for limiting fertility. The birth of a child is an event of great social and individual significance and its importance is recognised in all human societies. It signifies the transition of a couple into a new social status, i.e. parenthood with its related expectations and responsibilities. It marks the sexual and social maturity of the mother and the visible consummation of sexual intercourse . The relationship between age at first birth and overall fertility in developing countries is generally an underdeveloped area as far as demographic research is concerned. Fertility analysts generally assume that child bearing only occurs within marriage. Then they treat age at first marriage to be a major proximate determinant of fertility. This assumption might have been true in most traditional societies, where births out of wedlock were not accepted and virginity was a prerequisite for marriage. This assumption, however, does not hold true in modern times, where a large number of children is born outside marriage. These facts have been the major motive of conducting the current research. This study examines the reproductive behaviour of Tanzanian women. The study found the average age at first sexual intercourse to be 16 years; age at first marriage to be 17 years, while average age at first child bearing was estimated to be 18 years. By age 15, almost 10 percent of juvenile women have given birth. This study furthermore found that 41 percent of all first live births resulted from premarital conceptions. Out-of-wedlock births account for 24 percent of all first births in Tanzania according to the 1996 TDHS. The education of a woman, place of residence, and religion play the greatest roles in influencing age at first birth in Tanzania. The striking results were place of residence as it was found that rural residents have a higher mean age at first birth than women living in Dar es Salaam. Dar es Salaam women has the lowest mean age at first birth. Moslems have lower age at first birth than Catholics. There is also a strong relationship between age at first birth and age at first intercourse also with infant and child mortality. The results indicate that the younger the age of the mother at the birth of the first child, the higher the chances that the child dies. The study of current levels and trends of fertility showed that, on the average, a Tanzanian woman bears 6 children. Between the 1960s and early 1980s, an average of 7 births per woman prevailed in Tanzania. The declining fertility in Tanzania was confirmed by the analysis of the decomposition of the change of the total fertility rate (TFR) between two TDHSs. It found that natural fertility control is being gradually replaced by contraceptive use although the percentage of women using contraception is still very low. The reduction in infant and child mortality, rising numbers of women attending schools, and a rise in age at first birth are among the factors responsible for the decline in fertility in Tanzania. Education on the other hand has played a major role in raising age at first birth. Education either delays first intercourse and subsequently birth as pregnant schoolgirls are prohibited to attend formal schools or it effects the acceptance of contraception to delay first conception. Specifically, this study establish that there is an inverse relationship between age at first birth and fertility. Marriage is a weak factor in explaining fertility in Tanzania. Women in polygamous unions had fewer number of children ever born than those in monogamous unions in Tanzania. Moslems have a lower fertility than Catholics. Women residing in urban areas have fewer children than those in the rural areas. Women's education is the strongest predictor of the use of contraceptives in Tanzania. Catholic women are less likely to use contraceptives than Moslems. Tanzanian women residing in rural areas are less likely to use contraception than their counterparts residing in urban areas. Although age at first birth did not show any significance, age at first intercourse, age at first marriage and current age are highly related to contraceptive use. Variation in age at first sexual intercourse; marriage; and birth, and the extent of practising contraception are found to depend mainly on religion, place of residence, and the age of a woman. It is important therefore to design separate programmes to raise age at first birth and to lower fertility according to the findings related to religion, place of residence, and target juvenile women separately
In the Land of the Dead
No full textThis chapter concentrates on David Fassmann, one of the earliest known biographers of Joseph Süss Oppenheimer. Fassmann was a litterateur and fabulist from Leipzig who somehow managed to anticipate some of the best modern literature on the historical figure of Jew Süss. Fassmann's life story and his several treatments of Oppenheimer's life story will help scholars understand at least some of the reasons why, even as it unfolded, the scandal surrounding Oppenheimer's trial reached well beyond the confines of the small duchy of Württemberg. It should also help them appreciate the tangled nature of Oppenheimer's case: how reality and repute, truth and fiction, were wound around each other in his story as if in a skein.</p
Statistics and Reality
No full textIn the last decade, there has been a distinct trend towards a worldwide harmonisation of migration statistics, chiefly pushed by international bodies and organisations that need comparative data. Statistics and Reality shows that these attempts have as yet not been very successful. It provides an accessible account of the history of migration measurement in Europe and analyses the current conceptualisations of migration and data gathering procedures in twelve European countries in the context of their migration histories. Based on this analysis, the authors provide a critical insight into the migrant stocks and flows in their countries.De toenemende vraag naar onderzoeksdata op het gebied van migratie vraagt om een wereldwijde consensus van migratiestatistieken. Statistics and Reality laat zien dat pogingen een eenduidige vorm voor migratiestatistieken te vinden tot nu toe niet succesvol zijn gebleken. Op toegankelijke wijze wordt de geschiedenis van migratieonderzoek in Europa beschreven. Van twaalf Europese landen worden huidige concepten van migratie en methoden voor het vergaren van onderzoeksdata voor dit onderwerp geanalyseerd. Op basis van deze analyse geven de auteurs een kritische kijk op de migrantenvoorraad en -stromen in het desbetreffende land en becommentariC+ren zij trends in recente literatuur, zoals de feminisering van migratie en de diversiteit van de oorsprong van migranten
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