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Hubungan Kadar Timbal dalam Darah terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi pada Operator SPBU di Kota Kendari
Get PDFABSTRACTHypertension is a common health problem and often asymptomatic until advanced stages of development and often leads to death. One of the factors that play a role in the occurrence of hypertension is a heavy metal, that is lead (Pb) which is used as an additional chemical mixture of gasoline. Gas station’s operator is one of the jobs are high-risk exposure to lead for a long time. This study aims to determine the association of blood lead levels with incidence of hypertension among the gas station’s operators in Kendari. This study used cross sectional design with observational analytic approach. The study was conducted at nine stations in Kendari and Forensic and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Haluoleo University, Kendari on 16 - 20 December 2016. Sample consisted of 30 operators of gas station, using proportional stratified sampling technique. The instrument used in this study were questionnaires and testing blood specimens in the laboratory by ashing method. Analysis of the data used in this study was Fisher Exact Test. The result showed respondents with normal blood lead levels are 6 respondents (20.0%) and abnormal blood lead levels are 24 respondents (80.0%). Respondents who have hypertension are 26 respondents (86.7%) and respondents who did not have hypertension are 4 respondents (13.3%). Respondents with normal lead levels who had hypertension totaled 2 respondents (6.7%) and who do not have hypertension totaled 4 respondents (13.3%). Respondents with abnormal lead levels who had hypertension totaled 24 respondents (100.0%) and who do not have hypertension numbered 0 respondents (0.0%). Based on the result of data analysis using the Fisher Exact statistical tests on the correlation of blood lead levels in the incidence of hypertension among the gas station’s operators in Kendari, p value = 0.001 which means that H0 is rejected. There is correlation between blood lead level with incidence of hypertension among the gas station’s operators in Kendari .Keywords: Lead in the blood, hypertension, gas station’s operato
Korelasi Peningkatan Kadar Trigliserida Terhadap Pembentukan Small Dense LDL Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2
Get PDFType 2 diabetes increases of triglyceride level due to change of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)concentrations, with regard to both numbers and sizes of LDL particles. Small, dense LDL particles are more atherogenic than larger, buoyant LDL and that Apo B is more accurate measure than LDL with regard to predicting cardiovascular disease in patient with type 2 diabetes. This study to determine the correlation between elevated of triglyceride concentration to small dense LDL production in patient with type 2 diabetes. This study was cross sectional design. The subject in this study was type 2 diabetes patient with age more than30 years old (n=33). Triglyceride was analyzed by enzymatic-colorimetric method. Small dense LDL production was calculated by ratio of LDL/Apo B <1.2. Data analysis was performed with Spearman test with significance level of 0.05. The result showed that elevated of triglyceride concentration with small dense LDL formation (ratio of LDL/Apo B <1.2) found on 11 (33.4%) patient, while patient with the elevated of triglyceride concentration and non formation of small dense LDL (ratio of LDL/Apo B≥1,2) found on 9 (23.3%) patient. There was significantly correlation (p=0.027, r= -0.385) between the elevated of triglyceride concentration to the small dense LDL production. In conclusion, the elevated of triglyceride concentration lead to formation of small dense LDL in type 2 diabetes patient. Furthermore, LDL/Apo B ratio could be used as standard parameter to predict cardiovascular disease.Keyword: Type 2 diabetes, triglyceride, Apoliprotein B, small dense LDL
Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Bintang Laut Bertanduk (Protoreaster nodosus) terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus sp. dan Candida albicans
Get PDFStarfish is a marine biota that have potency for used in human health. Protoreaster nodosus is species of starfish that commonly found in water of southeast Sulawesi and not widely used by local community. The aim of this study is to find out bioactive compound and to examine the antibacterial and antifungal bioactivity ethanol exract of Protoreaster nodosus. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is used in bioactive compound assay and disk diffussion method is used to examine antibacterial and antifungal activity. Ethanol extract of Protoreaster nodosus is diluted into 2000 ppm, 4000 ppm, 8000 ppm, 16.000ppm and 32.000 ppm. As the result result of this study, ethanol extract of Protoreaster nodosus are positively containing alkaloid, steroid, saponin, flavonoid and tannin. The diameter of clear zone of disk containing extract in nutrient agar with Streptococcus sp are 4,4 mm, 5,4 mm, 6,7 mm, 9,4 mm dan 11,4 mm, consecutively. The diameter of clear zone of disk containing extract in potato dextrose agar with Candida albicans are 6,6 mm, 9,15 mm, 11,5 mm, 13,95 mm and 20,7 mm, consecutively. In the conclusion, ethanol extract of Protoreaster nodosus from Southeast Sulawesi containing alkaloid, steroid, saponin, flavonoid and tannin. The Antibacterial activity is strong in concentration of 32.000 ppm and the antifungal activity is strong in 32.000 ppm, 16.000 ppm, 8.000 ppm, 4000 ppm concentration. Keywords: Protoreaster nodosus, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity Streptococcus sp, Candida albicans, secondary metabolit
Korelasi Antara Pola Makan, Cara Menggosok Gigi, Pengetahuan dan Sikap dengan Status Karies Gigi Pada Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama
Get PDFDental Caries is one of the most common mouth disease in children. According to the data obtained from Public Health Centre in North Buton regency, since 2011 to 2013 there were 304, 141 and 167 cases of dental caries respectively in Kulisusu District, placing the dental caries at the eigth rank. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between dietary habit, way of teeth brushing, knowledge and attitude in dental health with dental caries status at SMPN 4 Kulisusu in North Buton regency in 2014. The design of this study is analytic observational with cross sectional approach. The population was consist of 98 students and the samples were obtained by total sampling method. A questionnaire was distributed to measure dietary habit, way of teeth brushing, knowledge and attitude. The Dental caries status was obtained using DMF-T Index.The data analyzed by conducting Somer’s test at the significance level 0,05. The result of this study showed that 60,2% respondent have poor dietary habit, 68,4% respondent not brushing their teeth with good manner, 39,8% respondent do not have good knowledge about dental health and 51,0% respondent do not have good attitude in dental care.According to DMF-T index, 10,2% have very high index, 25,5% have high index, 37,8%, have moderate index, 18,4% have low index and 8,1% have very low index. The conclusions of the study showed that there were statistically significant relationships between dietary habit, way of teeth brushing and attitude with dental caries status (p = 0,001, 0,000, and 0,031 respectively). Knowledge has no statistically significant relationship with dental caries status (p-Value = 0,867).Keywords: dental caries status, dietary habit, way of teeth brushing, knowledge, attitude, Junior high Schoo
Efek Larvasida Ekstrak Biji Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap Larva Instar III Aedes aegypti L.
Get PDFABSTRACTThe larvacide Effects of Pawpaw’s Seed Extract (Carica papaya L) Againts Third Instar Larvae of Aedes aegypti L. (Biolarvacide Alternative Study). The aim of this research was to determine the Larvacide Effects of Pawpaw’s Seed Extract (C.papaya L) towards Third Instar Larvae of A. aegypti L. The research was conducted at the laboratory of Biology Education Department and laboratory of Chemistry Education Department, FKIP Halu Oleo University. Independent Variable (X) in the research is Pawpaw’s Seed Extract (C.papaya L) with concentration level are control or was not gived extract (X0), 0.125% (X1), 0.250% (X2), 0.375% (X3), 0.500% (X4), and 0.625% (X5) and Dependent variable (Y) is the mortality of Third Instar Larvae of Aedes aegypti L. The method in the research was used experimental method with Completely Randomized Design (CRD), 3 times repetitions, each group containing 20 larvae, so the total of sample were 360 larvae. The data analyze tecnic was used descriptive analyze to knowing the larvacide effect of Seed Extract (Carica papaya L) against the mortality of Third Instar Larvae of Aedes aegypti L., varians analyze and BJND test with a significant value 95% (α = 0.05) and probit analyze to calculate LC50value or lethal concentration 50%. The result of the descriptive analyzed shows in the control group there are not mortality of larvae. The highest concentration Pawpaw’s Seed Extract (Carica papaya L) was gived mortality of larvae is 0.625% (X5) or 100% (20 larvae) and low concentration is 0.125% (X1) or 45% (9 larvae). The result of sidik ragam analyze showing that the value of Fhitung> Ftabel, there was a significant influence of the Pawpaw’s Seed Extract (Carica papaya L) for the mortality of Third Instar Larvae of Aedes aegypti L.The result of probit analyzed is LC50 value was gived 50% mortality of larvae is 0.154%.Keywords :Pawpaw’s Seed Extract (Carica papaya L), Larvacide, Third Instar Larvae of Aedes aegypti L
Hubungan Lingkungan Rumah dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada Masyarakat Pesisir Kelurahan Lapulu Kecamatan Abeli Tahun 2014
Get PDFAcute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. ARI in Indonesia was ranked 6th in the world, reaching 6 million cases per year. One of factors that influence incidence of ARI is house environment. This study aimed to determine the relationship bertween house environment with acute respiratory infections (ARI) incidence in coastal communities in Lapulu Village, Subdistrict of Abeli 2014. This study is analytical observational with cross sectional study design. The sample size was 88 samples by applying proportional sampling technique. The independent variable were household crowding, natural ventilation, natural lighting, humidity, floor type, wall type and location of the kitchen. The data were analyzed by using chi-square test. The result at significance level α = 0,05 showed that there is relationship between household crowding (p-value = 0,000, CC = 0,415), natural ventilation (p-value=0,000, CC=0,394) , natural lighting (p-value= 0,001, CC= 0,330) , and humidity (p-value=0,015, CC= 0,250) with ARI incidence. Meanwhile, floor type (p-value=0,880, CC= 0,016), wall type (p-value=0,084, CC= 0,181), and location of the kitchen (p-value=0,582, CC= 0,059) does not show a relationship with ARI incidence. The conclusion that there are relationship between household crowding, natural ventilation, natural lighting and humidity with ARI incidence. In contrast, floor type, wall type, and location of the kitchen are not related with ARI incidence. Keywords : Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI), house environment, coastal communitie
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Risiko Kejadian Katarak di Daerah Pesisir Kendari
Get PDFABSTRACTBackground:Cataract is a condition where lens that usually clear and transparent become cloudy. Based on the last report, cataract is responsible for 51% of blindness that happen in the world, which presented around 20 millions people. In Indonesia, the estimate of incindent rate of cataract is 0.1% a year which means every year there is one person a new patient of cataract among 1000 people. The occurrence of cataract cannot be separated from the risk factors that affect it. Purposes:This research aims to determine the risk factor of the occurrence of cataract in costal area of kendari. Methods:This research is observational analytic research with case-control matching design. The population were all patients who visited the Puskesmas Abeli, Nambo dan Mata in 2015-2016. The sampling method is purposive sampling with the cases are those patient who was diagnosed with cataract and the control are not. The samples are 62 people with the comparison cases and controls is 1:1 so that the number of cases-samples are 31 people and controls-samples are 31 people who had been matched such as age and gender. The instrument of this research is questionnaire. Data were analyzed by determining the odds ratio. Results:The result of this research showed that job, income, and education are a risk factor for the occurrence of cataract which have meaningful statistically. Smoking habit and drink alcohol are a risk factor for the occurrence of cataract which doesn’t have meaningful statistically. The result of bivariat test for job is OR:2.908(CI95%:1.031-8.204), income OR:3.067 (CI95%:1.053-8.934), education OR:3.431 (OR95%:1.100-10.704), smoking OR:1.816 (IC95%: 0.616-5.355) and alcohol OR:2.467 (IC95%:0.733-8.369) Conclusions:The conclusions of this research is that job, income and education is a meaningful risk factor for the occurrence of cataract. Smoking and alcohol is a meaningless risk factor in costal area of Kendari. Keywords: cataract, risk facto
Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dadap Serep (Erythrina lithosperma Miq) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Bakteri Salmonella typhi
Get PDFDadap serep (Erythrina lithosperma Miq) is one of the plants that grow in Indonesia. Dadap serep leaves are commonly used as a traditional medicin. It can be used as an antimicrobial. This study aims to determine the inhibition of Dadap Serep (Erythrina lithosperma Miq) Leaf Extract on the growth of the bacteria Salmonella typhi. The methods used in this research was an analytic experimental test. The samples of this study are Leaf Extract of Dadap Serep (Erythrina lithosperma Miq), which is divided into eight concentration, i.e. the concentration of 200,000 ppm, 100,000 ppm, 50,000 ppm, 25,000 ppm, 12,500 ppm, 6,250 ppm, 3,125 ppm, 1,560 ppm and two control i.e. a positive controls and a negative controls. Each test was repeated three times. Antibacterial activity test performed by disc diffusion method, wherein the diameter of each extract was determined and assessed their effectiveness inhibitory zone with chloramphenicol. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by disc diffusion method togeth er with the inhibition test. We then measured at the lowest concentration of extract that they can inhibit the bacteria Salmonella typhiTop of FormBottom of Form. The results showed that the leaves of Dadap Serep (Erythrina lithosperma Miq) has antibacterial activity against growth of bacteria Salmonella typhi. MIC seen from the leaves of Dadap Serep is 50,000 ppm with inhibition zone diameter of 1.3 mm were formed. Diameter of clear zone is highest at a concentration of 200,000 ppm with inhibition zone diameter formed is 4.83 mm. Phytochemical test results on Leaf of Dadap Serep (Erythrina lithosperma Miq) retrieved alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins are positive.From this research it can be concluded that the extracts from dadap serep leaves (Erythrina lithosperma Miq) has antibacterial activity against growth of bacteria Salmonella typhi.Keywords: Dadap serep leaves (Erythrina lithosperma Miq), Salmonella typhi, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Antibacterial tes
Analisis Faktor Risiko Ketuban Pecah Dini di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahteramas
Get PDFPremature rupture of membrane (PROM) is an important issue in the obstetric-related difficulty premature birth and the occurrence of infections which increases morbidity and perinatal mortality and cause an infection in the mother, therefore treatment PROM requires action that is detailed so that it can decrease the incidence of labor prematuritas and infection in the uterus. This research aims to analyze the risk factors associated with the incidence of PROM in RSU Bahteramas. This type of research is observational analytic study with nested case control design. This research was conducted in RSU Bahteramas and on research using secondary data, namely medical record of the patient. The sample in this research is the mother who experienced PROM and sample control on research this is a mother who experienced the birth normal delivery. Total sample of 178 sample consisting of 89sample cases and 89 the sample control. The data were analyzed using Odds Ratio test. The results showed that maternal age is a risk factor for the incidence of PROM with OR = 4.95 (2,52-9.72; 95%), maternal parity is a risk factors with OR = 9.94 (4.44-22, 24; 95%), education level is a risk factors with OR = 2.43 (1,32-4.49; 95%) and Gemelli was not a risk factor of PROM with the OR = 2.61 (7.77-0.88; 95%).Maternal age, Maternal Parity and education level is a risk factors in the incidence of PROM and gemelli is not a risk factor for incident PROM in RSU Bahteramas from January 2013 – December 2014.Keywords: PROM, Maternal age, maternal parity, education level and Gemelli
Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Kejadian Premenstrual Syndrome pada Mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Halu Oleo Angkatan 2012-2013
Get PDFBackground: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to a set of physical, psychological and emotional sympstoms during a part of a woman’s menstrual cycle. About 80-95% productive woman has experience with premenstrual syndrome could effect several aspects in their life. Several factor could cause premenstrual syndrome is increase level of estrogen hormone. Basic material of esterogen is fat, especially peripheral fat. that could be predicted by measuring the body mass index. The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and Premenstrual syndrome at female medical faculty, 2012-2013 of Haluoleo University. This study was an analytic observasional with cross sectional design. Samples in this study were 133 respondents from the female of Medical Faculty, of Halu Oleo University. Samples were obtained by proportional stratified random sampling. This study using American Psikiatry Assosoation (APA) questionnaire to diagnose premenstrual syndrome. Data were analyzed with chi-square. In this study, 55.6% of respondents having a Premenstrual Syndrome, in which 96.15% incidence of premenstrual syndrome occurred in overweight group. There is a significant relationship between body mass index with the incidence of premenstrual syndrome with p value = 0,000 (p <α = 0.05) in which increasing a person's weight, the tendency to experience incidence of premenstrual syndrome will also increase. There is a relationship between body mass index with the incidence of premenstrual syndrome on the female of Medical Faculty, 2012-2013 of Halu Oleo University.Keywords : Body Mass Index, Female Medical Students, Premenstrual syndrom