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Relationship between Waist Circumference (Abdomen) and Triglyceride and Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) Levels in Premenopausal Women
No full text Background: Premenopausal is a period that women will experience before heading to the menopause phase in the age range of 4 5-55 years. In the premenopausal period it is characterized by the instability of the hormone estrogen which will affect lipid metabolism which is closely related to the increase in abdominal fat known as abdominal or central obesity . The instability of the hormone estrogen results in hormonal changes that affect the levels of lipids in the body such as TG and LDL-Chol levels in the blood. Purpose(s): This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between Waist Circumference (Abdomen) and Triglyceride and Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) Levels in Premenopausal Women. Methods: This study used an analytical correlative method with a cross-sectional study approach. This study involved 40 research subjects who met the criteria. Results: In the results of the pearson correlation test analysis to determine the relationship between the abdominal waist circle and TG levels in premenopausal women, the results of the p value = 0.351 and the pearson correlation test value = 0.15 were obtained. In the correlation test between waist circumference (abdomen) and LDL- Chol levels in premenopausal women, a value of p = 0.164 with a pearson correlation value of 0.224 was obtained. Conclusion: There is no relationship between Waist Circumference (Abdomen) and Triglyceride and Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C) Levels in Premenopausal Women.Keywords: Premenopause, Waist Circumference, Lipid, Triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotei
Analysis of Leukocyte Count in Patients Acute Coronary Syndrome with ST-Segment Elevation and Acute Coronary Syndrome without ST-Segment Elevation at Kendari City General Hospital
No full textBackground: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an acute complication of coronary heart disease due to rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque, resulting in the formation of a thrombus, narrowing the lumen, resulting in impaired blood supply and decreased strength of heart muscle contraction. The occurrence of inflammation in the atherosclerotic process is characterized by an increase in the number of leukocytes, which causes increased leukocyte recruitment at the site of plaque rupture and is thought to play an important role in the incidence and prognosis of ACS. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the comparison of the number of leukocytes in STE and NSTE ACS patients. Methods: This research was an observational analytic study. The research design used a cross sectional study carried out at the Kendari City Regional General Hospital with the independent variable STE and Non STE ACS and the dependent variable was the leukocytes count. The number of samples was 73 patients. Data were collected from medical record data in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Bivariate analysis to compare the number of leukocytes using the unpaired T test. Results: Research from 73 respondents found that STE ACS patients had a mean leucocyte count of 10.31±3.50x103/μL while NSTE ACS patients had a mean leukocyte count of 8.62±3.43 x 103/μL (p=0,000). Conclusion: There was a significant difference of leukocyte count in STE ACS and NSTE ACS patients
Hesitancy and Acceptance of Covid-19 Vaccine on Pregnant Women in Southeast Sulawesi, 2021
No full textBackground: ITAGI has recommended the provision of the COVID-19 vaccine for pregnant women. Women are more hesitant than men on the COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Survey in Indonesia. Purpose: To determine the acceptance and doubt about the COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant women. Methods: This was a descriptive study, which was carried out in July-August 2021. The sample was pregnant women in Southeast Sulawesi. Data retrieval using a survey technique with a questionnaire in the google form with informed consent on the first page. Results: Pregnant women who are willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine voluntarily are 43.6%, undecided 34.1%, and 22.3% are not willing. For pregnant women who are not willing and hesitant to receive the vaccine voluntarily, 29.1% are willing if required and 70.9% are still not willing. If they get privileges, 56.4% are willing and 43.6% are still not. Pregnant women worry about their babies, 84.2% for mothers who are willing to be vaccinated and 77.9% for mothers who are unsure and not willing to be vaccinated. Concerned about their pregnancy, pregnant women who are willing to be vaccinated are 79.7% and those who are doubtful and unwilling are 75%. Those who doubt the safety of the vaccine are 36.6%. Around 51.5% of pregnant women want to consult with doctors and health workers. The most preferred places for vaccination are doctors/midwives/private hospitals (47.2%) and Puskesmas (42.7%). Most pregnant women widely used (83.6%) and desired (70.2%) social media to get information. Conclusion: Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant women is low. There are concerns of pregnant women about pregnancy and their fetus, as well as doubts about their safety. Massive information needs to be provided by doctors and health workers through social media and others that can be accessed by pregnant women.Keywords: acceptance, COVID-19, doubt, pregnant women, vaccin
The Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) Leaves Extract Lotion
No full textBackground: With current wide range of scientific research regarding the benefits of antioxidants, many has tried to invent new sources of this compound. The use of plant-based source for antioxidants recently become more and more popular, and one of these plants is Binahong (Anredera cordifolia). The leaves of these plant had been analyzed before to contain antioxidant compound. Objective: This research aimed to test, based on previous claim of antioxidant activity of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaves. Methods: The lotion used was formulated using Tween 60 and Span 60 as its emulgator. After test, it was determined that the emulsion type is water in oil (w/o). Before Binahong Leaves extract were incorporated, the lotion was tested for physical stability including organoleptics, emulsion type, pH determination, homogeneity, and viscosity. Results: The analysis for antioxidant activity by DPPH method of Binahong leaves extract with various concentrations of 12,5 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, 400 μg/mL, yield a value of IC50 822.22 µg/mL (mild antioxidant activity level). This result corroborates previous findings with the same result. Meanwhile, the lotion containing Binahong leaves extract with various concentrations of 25 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL, 400 μg/mL, 800 μg/mL were analyzed with same method and yield a value of IC50 27041.50 µg/mL. Conclusion: The result proved there was a further loss of antioxidant activity after the extract were incorporated into lotion. Keywords: Formulation, Anredera cordifolia, Antioxidant, Antioxidant Lotion, Binahong,
Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infection in Toddlers : A Case Control Study
No full textBackground: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a disease that attacks the upper and lower respiratory tract caused by bacteria and viruses. ARI is one of the causes of high morbidity and mortality in under-fives. Purpose(s): This study aims to determine the relationship between toddler age, immunization status, smoking habits of family members, mother's knowledge, and residential density to the incidence of ARI in the working area of the Namlea Health Center in 2021 Methods: This study is a research study quantitative analysis using a case control research design. The sample in the case group was taken using the simple random sampling method and the control group was taken using the accidental sampling method. Results: the age of toddlers who were 36 months (55.2%), incomplete immunization status (46.9%), smoking habits of family members (68.8%), low maternal knowledge (30.2%), and density of bedroom occupancy (60.4%). The results of the chi-square test showed that the p-values for each variable were age (p = 0.035), immunization status (p = 0.017), room occupancy density (p = 0.022), mother's knowledge (p = 0.046), and smoking habits. family members (p = 0.036). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between age, immunization status, room occupancy density, mother's knowledge, and smoking habits of family members with the incidence of ARI in children under five in the working area of the Namlea Health Center in 2021
Analysis of Risk Factor Hypoalbuminemia on the Incidence of Hyponatremia in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome
No full textBackground: Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema and may be accompanied by hypercholesterolemia. Proteinuria in childhood nephrotic syndrome is mainly in the form of albuminuria. In nephrotic syndrome, electrolyte balance disorders can occur in the form of hyponatremia which can cause complications from asymptomatic clinical manifestations to death. Currently, there are not many studies on hyponatremia in nephrotic syndrome. Objective: To determined hypoalbumin as a risk factor for hyponatremia in children with nephrotic syndrome. Methods: This research was an analytic observational study using a case control design. The subjects consisted of 80 children diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome at the Children's Health Installation at the Dr. Sardjito in Yogyakarta. The data collected included serum albumin levels and sodium levels. Statistical test using Odds Ratio (OR). .Results: The results showed that hypoalbumin (p = 0.000 ; OR 13,5; 95% CI 3,395 – 53,68) was a risk factor for the incidence of hyponatremia in children with nephrotic syndrome at the Children's Health Unit, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital in Yogyakarta. Conclusion: Hypoalbumin is a risk factor for hyponatremia in children with nephrotic syndrom
Analisis Penggunaan Kondom Pada Wanita Pekerja Seks Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan HIV/AIDS di Kota Kendari: Cross Sectional Study
No full textLatar Belakang: Salah satu populasi yang berisiko tinggi HIV/AIDS adalah Wanita Pekerja Seks (WPS) dikarenakan perilaku seks yang tidak aman yakni berganti-ganti pasangan. Penggunaan kondom merupakan salah satu inisiatif untuk mencegah penularan HIV/AIDS, dan penggunaannya dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai variabel. Tujuan: Menganalisis berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan penggunaan kondom pada WPS sebagai upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Metode: Penelitian cross sectional ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik yang dilakukan di Kota Kendari dengan jumlah sampel 65 orang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling, analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square Pearson dengan nilai p-value ≤ 0.05 dinyatakan bermakna. Hasil: Pengetahuan baik tentang HIV/AIDS dan kondom (58,5%), memiliki sikap tentang penggunaan kondom positif (66,2%), ada paparan informasi tentang kondom untuk mencegah HIV/AIDS (95,4%) serta selalu menggunakan kondom (55,4%). Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan (p-value=0,012) dan sikap (p-value=0,027) penggunaan kondom pada WPS. Tidak terdapat hubungan keterpaparan informasi (p-value=0,084) dengan penggunaan kondom pada WPS. Simpulan: WSP yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang dan sikap negative cenderung berimplikasi pada menurunnya penggunaan kondo
Hubungan Faktor Risiko dengan Kejadian Sindrom Dispepsia Fungsional pada Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Khairun
No full textDispepsia merupakan kumpulan rasa tidak nyaman, nyeri epigastrium, kembung, mual muntah, sendawa dan rasa penuh. Stres, pola makan, makanan/minuman iritatif, obat anti inflamasi non-steroid (OAINS), Helicobacter pylori, alkohol dan merokok merupakan faktor risiko dispepsia. Meski berada di urutan ke-8 dari 10 penyakit spesifik di Maluku Utara, belum ada penelitian terkait hubungan faktor risiko dengan kejadian pada kelompok ini, khususnya pada kaum muda di Universitas Khairun. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan faktor risiko dengan kejadian sindrom dispepsia fungsional pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Khairun. Metode: Penelitian observasional analitik cross sectional ini dilaksanakan mengunakan metode random sampling dari populasi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Khairun pada Januari 2022. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Hasil: Dari 136 sampel, sebagian besar berusia 20-24 tahun (54,4%), 71,3% perempuan, 52,5% memiliki tingkat stres normal, 64,7% memiliki pola makan teratur, 56,6% mengonsumsi makanan/minuman iritatif, 23,5% mengonsumsi OAINS, 2,2% perokok, dan 6,6% mengonsumsi alkohol. Dispepsia fungsional dialami 55,9% mahasiswa. Dari seluruh variabel independen, jenis kelamin, tingkat stres, diet iritatif, OAINS, dan status perokok ditemukan berhubungan bermakna secara statistis dengan kejadian dispepsia fungsional (p<0,05). Simpulan: Pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Khairun, jenis kelamin, tingkat stres, diet iritatif, OAINS, dan status perokok ditemukan berhubungan bermakna secara statistis dengan kejadian dispepsia fungsional.Kata Kunci: Dispepsia, faktor risiko, mahasiswa fakultas kedoktera
PENGEMBANGAN SEDIAAN SPRAY GEL DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL BATANG TUMBUHAN BAMBU-BAMBU (Polygonum pulchrum Blume) MENGGUNAKAN BASIS KOMBINASI GEL VISKOLAM® DAN Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC)
No full textBackground: Bamboo plants are one of the traditional medicinal plants that are often used by the community. The stem of Polygonum pulchrum Blume contains a triterpenoid steroid compound that acts as an active antioxidant. Objectives: This study aims to determine the optimal formula for spray gel preparation of Polygonum pulchrum Blume ethanol extract using Design Expert®. Methods: The stems of Polygonum pulchrum Blume were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol to obtain a thick extract through . The extract obtained was formulated with spray gel preparations with variations in the concentration of viscolam® and HPMC F1(0,1%:0,1%), F2(0,4%:0,1%), F3(0,4%:0, 4%), and F4(0,1%:0,4%). The test was carried out by looking at the characteristics consisting of organoleptic test, pH test, viscosity test, spray pattern test, dry time test and homogeneity test, as well as looking at the stability of the preparation before and after the cycling test. Optimization of the spray gel formula using a factorial design of 23 with a viscolam® factor and HPMC using dry time response, viscosity, and spraying pattern. After obtaining the optimum formula, hedonic testing was carried out by looking at the parameters of color, aroma, texture, and overall appearance. Results and conclusions: The results showed that the optimum formula for the F2 formula was the concentration of viscolam® and HPMC 0.4%: 0.1%, as well as spray gel preparations that had been tested for stability and had met the stability test requirements based on the test parameters
Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jambu Mete Anacardium occidentale L. Terhadap Pertumbuhan Escherichia coli Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract of Cashew Leaves Anacardium occidentale L. Against Escherichia coli
No full textABSTRACTBackground: All parts of the cashew tree Anacardium occidentale L. (especially the leaves and bark) have been widely used as traditional herbal medicines, and are used throughout the world. Thus, in recent decades, the traditional medicinal properties of the Anacardium plant, and its various biological effects are being studied extensively. Purpose(s): This study aims to conduct a preliminary study of the antibacterial properties and phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of cashew leaves. Methods: The antibacterial test of was determined by the Kirby baeur disc paper diffusion method. Qualitative test of phytochemical content was carried out using chemical reagents. Results: The results indicated that the ethanol extract of cashew leaves has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli. The smallest inhibition zone was found in the extract with a concentration of 10% of 5.75 mm and the largest was found at a concentration of 100% with a diameter of 14 mm. The phytochemical screening revealed that extracts contained; alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, phenolics, saponins, and tanins Conclusion: The ethanol extract of cashew leaves was able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli test bacteria at all concentration variations. Phytochemical screening also found that the ethanol extract of cashew leaves contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroid terpenoids, phenolics, saponins, and tannins which are known to have antibacterial properties.Keywords: cashew, ethanol extract, antibacteria ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Semua bagian pohon jambu mete Anacardium occidentale L. (terutama daun dan kulit batang) telah banyak digunakan sebagai obat herbal tradisional, dan digunakan di seluruh dunia. Dengan demikian, dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, sifat obat tradisional tanaman Anacardium, dan berbagai efek biologis sedang dipelajari secara ekstensif Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi pendahuluan sifat antibakteri dan skrining fitokimia dari ekstrak etanol daun jambu mete. Metode: Uji antibakteri ekstrak ditentukan dengan metode difusi kertas cakram Kirby baeur. Uji kualitatif kandungan fitokimia dalam ekstrak dilakukan dengan pereaksi kimia. Hasil: Ekstrak etanol daun jambu mete memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan Escherichia coli. Zona hambat terkecil terdapat pada ekstrak dengan konsentrasi 10% sebesar 5,75 mm dan terbesar terdapat pada konsentrasi 100% dengan diameter 14 mm. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun jambu mete mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, fenolik, saponin, dan tanin Simpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun jambu mete mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri uji Escherichia coli pada semua variasi konsentrasi. Skrining fitokimia juga menemukan bahwa dalam ekstrak etanol daun jambu mete mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid terpenoid, fenolik, saponin, dan tannin yang diketahui memiki kemampuan sebagai antibakteriKata Kunci: jambu mete, ekstrak etanol, antibakter