Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis
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Harmonization of Rice Production Policy and Rice Trade Policy in Indonesia
Get PDFIndonesia is the world\u27s fourth most populous country, trailing only China, India, and the United States, with a population of 276,361,788 people. Efforts to fulfill the demand for rice as a staple food are concerning. The policies established by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Trade do not match. The Ministry of Agriculture carries out a pro-rice production policy. The Ministry of Trade carries out a pro-rice import policy. This study included both descriptive and quantitative analysis. The type of data used in this research is annual time series secondary data with a research period from 1980 to 2020. The model used in this study was developed using the Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) approach. The results showed that the Ministry of Agriculture\u27s goal was to boost output, but this might lead to overstock and consequently reduce rice prices, according to the Ministry of Trade. The Ministry of Trade\u27s rice import policy has always been withheld by the Ministry of Agriculture because, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, imports will lower the rice price, reducing farmers\u27 income. This shows that production and trade policies are not well-suited. Production policies, with an average annual increase of 2%, outperform trade policies, with an average annual increase of 141%.
Keywords: rice, food, production policy, trade policy, harmon
The Impacts of Supply Chain Ambidexterity and Resource Flexibility on Supply Chain Resilience in Manufacturing SMES in Bandung, Indonesia
Get PDFThe supply chain, which is an important part of business and production operations, can help manufacturing SMEs increase their competitiveness and strengthen their position in the market. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of extraordinary agility and resource flexibility on supply chain resilience. The research method used is a quantitative approach with the analysis technique Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The number of samples used in this study was 194 respondents, chosen through a simple random sampling technique. The results show that resource flexibility has a positive effect on supply chain agility and streamlining. Supply chain agility also has a positive and significant impact on supply chain resilience, while lean supply chain cannot mediate this relationship. Finally, an agile supply chain also mediates the relationship between resource flexibility and supply chain resilience. The results of this study can be used as a reference for manufacturing SMEs in developing effective supply chain management strategies to increase their supply chain resilience.
Keywords: agile supply chain, lean supply chain, resource flexibility, supply chain ambidexterity, supply chain resilienc
Spatial Linkages of The Agricultural Sector in North Maluku in Indonesia: An Interregional Input-Output (IRIO) Approach
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to analyze the linkages between the agricultural sector and other sectors in North Maluku and the linkages between the North Maluku agricultural sector and other economic sectors in 33 provinces in Indonesia. The data used is the 2016 Indonesia Interregional Input-Output (IRIO) Table data. Linkage analysis, forward linkages effect ratio (IDP) and backward linkages effect ratio (IDK) analysis in the IRIO approach were used to answer the research objectives. The results of the analysis show the forward and backward linkages of the agricultural sector in North Maluku with the highest rank in the food crops and livestock subsector. The IDP and IDK results show that food crops and fisheries are stronger in encouraging the development of downstream industries, while livestock is stronger in encouraging the development of upstream industries in North Maluku. The North Maluku agricultural sector that has the highest total forward linkages between regions is the plantation subsector with North Sumatra Province. The highest total backward linkage is the crop subsector with East Kalimantan. The results of this study should have implications for the evaluation process, and policy formulation of the North Maluku Regional Government. Especially the development of the agricultural sector as an input and output provider aspect. The government is expected to focus on cooperation policies between regions related to trade and market expansion in the agricultural sector.
Keywords: sectoral linkages, regional linkages, agricultural sector, Interregional Input-Output (IRIO
Sugarcane Production Efficiency: A Case Study on PTPN X Partner Farmers
Get PDFThe low production and productivity of sugarcane is a problem for the sugar industry in Indonesia, while the demand for sugar increases yearly. One of the efforts to increase sugarcane productivity is improving the efficiency of sugarcane farming. Appropriate farming efficiency and identification of inefficient resources can increase farming productivity. PTPN X, as a company engaged in the sugarcane plantation and sugar industry, obtains most raw materials from partner farmers. This study aimed 1) to determine the technical, allocative, and economic efficiency of sugarcane farming and 2) to analyze the managerial characteristics of farmers that affect the technical inefficiency of sugarcane farming. This study uses the stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas production function approach and the dual frontier cost function. The results show that the average level of sugarcane farming\u27s technical, allocative, and economic efficiency are 0.762; 1.315; and 0.976, respectively. The average level shows that sugarcane farming has been technical, allocative, and economically efficient. Farmers\u27 managerial characteristic that affects technical inefficiency is the farmer\u27s education level. The study suggests reducing the effect of inefficiency by taking higher education. Farmers with a low technical efficiency value can adopt the use of inputs by farmers with a higher value.
Keywords: technical efficiency, allocative, economic, sugarcan
Sustainability of Vegetable Hydroponic System in Pekanbaru City
Get PDFThe decrease in the harvested area and the reduction in horticultural land caused by the conversion of agricultural land into plantations have prompted farmers to practice vegetable farming using a hydroponic system. This study aims to analyze the level of sustainability in vegetable farming using a hydroponic system, considering various dimensions and farmers\u27 strategies to enhance sustainable hydroponic vegetable farming in Pekanbaru City. The sustainability index was determined using the Rap-Farm Ordination Technique along with the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) Method, Leverage Analysis, Monte Carlo Simulation, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to analyze hydroponic vegetable farming strategies in Pekanbaru City. A saturated sample of 30 hydroponic vegetable farmers from Pekanbaru City was included in this research. The results indicate that vegetable farming using a hydroponic system exhibits a relatively high level of sustainability across different dimensions, including economic, ecological, social, institutional, and technological aspects, with a score of 64.80. The sustainability level for the fifth dimension is moderately good (economic, ecological, social, and technological), whereas the institutional dimension is highly sustainable. Therefore, attributes from the highest-value dimension (institutional) and the lowest-value dimension (social) are given priority. Consequently, these two attributes are combined to enhance the sustainability level. One crucial aspect is improving knowledge of vegetable cultivation using the hydroponic system through training programs to enhance farmers\u27 skills. Additionally, implementing and monitoring hydroponic vegetable farming emerged as a top-ranking alternative strategy to enhance farming practices. This research is expected to assist hydroponic vegetable farmers in enhancing their sustainable farming practices.
Keywords: AHP, hydroponic vegetable, Rap-Farm, sustainable farming, vegetable farmin
Risk Mitigation of Tuna Supply Chain in Ternate City
Get PDFTuna is believed to be one of the world\u27s most popular fish with high economic value. Tuna is very sensitive to temperature changes; therefore, quality control must be carried out from the supplier to the customer stage. The quality of tuna then impacts the amount of revenue received by each supply chain. The objectives of this research are to identify the configuration of the tuna supply chain in Ternate City, analyze the risk of the tuna supply chain, and propose risk mitigation strategies for the tuna supply chain in Ternate City. The research focuses on fishermen, traders, and processors. Sampling was based on non-probability sampling, where the collection of information and knowledge from experts used a purposive sampling method to determine the experts involved in the research. The number of respondents was two fishermen, two traders, and three processing companies. Potential risks were analyzed in fuzzy (Hor-1). Furthermore, several mitigation actions were carried out, which were then analyzed using fuzzy (Hor-2). Risk agents and risk events were identified based on all activities mapped using the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model. Most tuna is delivered to fulfill domestic needs, with 58% going to inter-island traders and large processors or exporters. The ARP value with a cumulative 80% indicates that there are seven priority risk agents in fishermen, four priority risk agents in traders, and thirteen priority risk agents in processors that need to be mitigated. Training for fishermen on good fish handling on board and fish handling training for traders and processors are priority mitigation strategies that can be carried out to maintain the quality of tuna in all members of the supply chain.
Keywords: fuzzy -HOR, risk management, SCOR, tuna supply chai
Relative Export Competitiveness in Indonesian and Malaysian Palm Oil Downstream Products
Get PDFPalm oil is an important commodity between Indonesia and Malaysia with a higher contribution to the national economy. However, the investigation into its competitiveness is still important due to fierce competition in the global world. This study aims to investigate the Relative Export Competitiveness (REC) of palm oil downstream and its determinant factors between Indonesia and Malaysia from 1970 until 2020. This study utilizes REC based on merchandise trade and multiple regression by using several variables influencing its REC. The findings reveal that REC in Indonesia has been greater than that of Malaysia over the past 20 years. Initially, Malaysia had a stronger position in REC than Indonesia, particularly from 1971 to 1997. Our analysis demonstrates that REC in Indonesia is positively influenced by factors such as the palm oil policy, the existence of palm oil organizations, and the official exchange rate. Conversely, GDP per capita and the palm oil policy positively impact Malaysia\u27s REC. However, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA) have a negative effect on REC in both countries. Based on these results, Indonesia and Malaysia must examine proper palm oil downstream policy to boost competitiveness.
Keywords: business analytics, determinant factor, palm oil downstream, relative export competitiveness, trad
Determinant of Farmers\u27 Readiness Level and Their Strategies in Independent Palm Oil Plantations in Kapuas Hulu Regency
Get PDFThe development of oil palm plantations in Indonesia is increasing because oil palm is one of the most important plantations in the economy of Indonesia. Sustainable management of oil palm is vital because it could reduce threats to natural resources, deforestation, expansion of land in ways that are not environmentally friendly such as by burning, and damage to peat ecosystems. The study aimed to determine farmers\u27 readiness level in implementing ISPO certification for independent oil palm plantations in Kapuas Hulu Regency and to determine the right strategic priorities for managing independent oil palm plantations based on sustainable palm oil (ISPO) in Kapuas Hulu Regency. The data were analyzed descriptively with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The data was collected from 100 respondents taken by purposive sampling. The results show that overall the application level of compliance with laws and regulations is 24.8%, implementing good plantation practices is 31.33%, environmental management of natural resources and biodiversity is 42.5%, implementing transparency of 28.5%, and sustainably increasing business by 40%. Overall the average level of ISPO implementation achievement among the independent oil palm smallholders in Kapuas Hulu District is low, with a percentage of 30.8%. The optimal top priority for the strategy of independent oil palm plantations is mediation between conflicting parties, independent oil palm farmer groups, transparency regarding environmental impacts, extension agents in the plantation division and quality improvement of production.
Keywords: farmers\u27 readiness level, palm oil, ISPO, independent smallholders, AH
Cost Benefit Analysis of Key Actors in The Cocoa Beans Marketing
Get PDFEfficient marketing can increase the profits of all the stakeholders involved. Profit increased at the farmer level will encourage the ability and motivation to manage the farm. This study aims to identify the benefits obtained by farmers, collectors, wholesalers, and purchasing units of exporters in the marketing of cocoa beans. This research was conducted through the survey using by Hayami Method. The results showed that: Profit received by farmers amount Rp314/kg was lower than those received by collectors amount Rp1,022/kg, wholesalers at Rp736/kg, and unit purchases at Rp2,826/kg. This was due to the cost of labor incurred by farmers, and the amount of Rp2,100/kg was higher than by collector\u27s amount of Rp230/kg, the wholesaler\u27s Rp12.5/kg, and the purchase unit Rp8.25/kg. Another factor was the price of production input costly (such as fertilizer dan pesticides), which was not followed by the increase in output price (cocoa beans) determined by marketers. The low productivity and quality of cocoa beans produced by farmers also affected low profit. The government must be able to control the purchase price of marketing actors, improve the knowledge and skills of farmers in the management of cocoa farms by establishing business groups/cooperatives, increase the role of farmer groups, and also to improve the internet infrastructure that supports the digital marketing of cocoa commodities.
Keywords: main stakeholders, cocoa beans, profit, marketing, Hayami metho
The Effects of R&D Intensity and Product Orientation On Innovativeness and Competitive Advantage of The Woodcraft Industry
Get PDFThe ever-evolving business environment demands companies to adopt a customer-focused culture, continuously develop and sustain growth. Marketing is seen as a fundamental aspect of corporate culture, with market orientation as its practical application. The purpose of this study is to identify product innovation influencing marketing performance in the woodcraft industry in Central Java, Indonesia by adding competitive advantage as a mediator variable. Factors leading to product innovation, such as environmental uncertainty and R&D intensity, as well as factors leading to competitive advantage, such as product orientation and customer orientation, are identified in this study. The population in this study were 214 timber companies in Central Java Province. By using simple random sampling, the number of samples used in this study were 110 samples. The analysis in this study uses the SEM analysis method with SmartPLS 3. The results of this study indicate that environmental uncertainty and R&D intensity affect product innovation. In addition, product innovation and competitive advantage also have an influence on marketing performance. Therefore, this study supports the contingency theory which states that environmental uncertainty and research and development intensity can affect product innovation. Companies can foster a culture of innovation that enables them to foresee and respond to customer needs more effectively by focusing on research and adapting to changes in the external environment.
Keywords: competitive advantage, environmental uncertainty, marketing performance, product orientation, R&D intensit