Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis
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Factors Influencing Labor Allocation in Rubber Plantations in Muaro Jambi Regency
Get PDFBackground: Production and the number of smallholder rubber farmers in Muaro Jambi Regency have decreased over the past ten years. The decrease in production and the number of rubber farmers are believed to be caused by a decrease in the labor allocation in rubber plantations. Rubber farmers now focus on more than just one commodity, and farmers have diversified their income resources, such as oil palm plantations and off-farm work. As a result, household economic decisions will be related to labor allocation. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the labor allocation in rubber farmer households and identify the factors influencing labor allocation in rubber plantations in the Muaro Jambi Regency.Design/methodology/approach: This research used primary data from one hundred rubber households using a multistage random sampling method. The estimation was done in two steps: in the first step, shadow wages were estimated using the production function to get the value marginal product of labor, and in the second step, the instrumental variable method was used to determine the factors influencing labor allocation in rubber plantations. Findings/Results: The estimation shows that shadow wages, oil palm labor allocation, and non-rubber income significantly influence rubber labor allocation. This result indicates that the existence of oil palm plantations does not cause a decrease in rubber labor allocation, and shadow wages can be a determining factor in labor allocation. Originality/value (State of the art): This study focuses on how rubber farmer households allocate their labor across rubber plantations, other farms, and off-farm work in the context of the presence of other commodities, particularly oil palm, which is developing alongside rubber in the research area. The results show how farmers make decisions regarding their rubber plantations, switch to oil palm, or do off-farm work, which is the reason why they began reducing labor allocation to their rubber farms.
Keywords: labor allocation, household economics, shadow wages, instrumental variable, rubber plantation
Food Supply Chain Network and Market Analysis of Shallot in Indonesia (Case Study: Brebes District)
Get PDFBackground: Brebes District, recognized as the largest shallot producer in Indonesia, continues to face challenges in ensuring the welfare of its shallot farmers. This situation emerged from a complex network of stakeholders involved in shallot agribusiness in the Brebes District, characterized by a significant presence of intermediaries. Purpose: This research aims to i) analyze the shallot supply chain in the Brebes District by applying the Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN) approach and ii) examine its performance through marketing margin and farmer share. Design/methodology/approach: Data was gathered through interviews with 83 shallot farmers and 12 marketing actors in the Brebes District. Additionally, a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted to gather strategic insights from all stakeholders involved in the shallot agribusiness in the Brebes District. The research used a qualitative approach to answer the FSCN analysis and a quantitative approach to measure the supply chain performance.Findings/Result: This study identified that the supply chain had clear objectives and structured relationships between actors. However, it was not optimized because the business process was not integrated into the long term. The supply chain involved multiple marketing channels, where each level of intermediary had involvement and impact on farmer share and margins. More direct marketing channels, such as Marketing Channel I, where farmers sell directly to village traders, offer the highest farmer share (89%) due to the absence of intermediaries like wholesalers. In contrast, channels involving more intermediaries, such as wholesalers in Channels III and V, result in higher total margins but a lower farmer share (81%). Conclusion: The FSCN analysis of shallots in the Brebes District reveals a complex marketing system with various channels. Direct marketing channels give farmers the highest share by removing intermediaries, while those with more intermediaries offer higher total margins but lower farmer shares. Reducing intermediaries is recommended to boost farmer incomes. Additionally, inefficiencies like poor coordination and limited access to market information hinder overall performance.Originality/value (State of the art): This study introduces a novel application of the FSCN approach to comprehensively analyze the shallot supply chain in Brebes District, Indonesia. The FSCN offers insights into the complex relationships between farmers, traders, and other actors, their challenges, and the potential for improving the system\u27s efficiency.
Keywords: shallot, information sharing, marketing actors, marketing channels, supply chain efficiency
 
Selected Sustainability Indicators and Performance Rankings at The Herbal Medicine Company
Get PDFBackground: Sustainability means not only the sustainable use of natural resources but also core values in the areas of human rights (HAM), employment, and inclusive business. Supply chain management performance assessment has a direct influence on sustainability performance. Compliance, monitoring, and auditing have a direct influence on improving performance, minimizing risk, and selecting suppliers to achieve Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM). The research was carried out at the herbal medicine company PT. Sido Muncul Herbal Medicine and Pharmaceutical Industry Tbk.Purpose: This research aims to select indicators, determine priorities for sustainability aspects, and select alternative SSCM performance measuresDesign/methodology/approach: the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method.Findings/Result: The top priority sustainability indicators for each sustainability aspect are net profit, employee training and development, occupational safety and health management systems, partnerships, environmental management systems, ISO 14001 certification, and certified quality management and food safety. By knowing the main indicators and priority aspects of sustainability; a manager can implement relevant and profitable SSCM activities and manage trade-offs between conflicting objectives by ensuring that profitability, environmental sustainability, and social sustainability of society can be implemented effectively, efficiently, and sustainably.Conclusion: As a result, it can be concluded that the implementation of sustainability aspects in SIDO requires models, processes, and practices adapted to planning, production, and control. Sustainability practices are no longer considered complementary but standard business activities, so they need to be integrated. The wider the integration of sustainability into the company\u27s business, the wider the level of integration across the enterprise\u27s operations.Originality/value (State of the art): SCM is a field that is concerned with sustainability performance related to its activities in generating pollution, waste, and environmental footprint. Although there is an increasing conceptual development of SCM practices and has received much attention, previous research has only focused on selecting priority SSCM practices that are most relevant to improving SSCM performance and has not linked sustainability to supply chain drivers and alternative performance measures to improve sustainability performance. In this research was conducted identifying successful supply chain practices in the context of the large corporate culture, has been listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange, has gone global, and its products are widely used by the public, compliance with government regulations, and international standards by expanding aspects of social sustainability to K3, human resources, community, and product integrity which were not found in previous studies.
Keywords: Analytical Hierarchy Process, corporate sustainability indicators, sustainability practices, performance measurements, PT. Sido Muncul Tb
The Influence of Product Innovation, HR Competence, and Marketing Performance on The Financial Performance of MSMEs in The Agricultural
Get PDFBackground: Many MSMEs are switching to online businesses and utilizing digital technology to maintain their businesses.Purpose: This study aims to determine and examine the effect of product innovation, HR competency, and marketing performance on the financial performance of MSMEs in the Agricultural Sector in Semarang City after the Covid-19 pandemic with digitalization as a mediating variable.Design/methodology/approach: This study uses quantitative methodology and a causal associative approach. Data was collected through an online questionnaire distributed to MSME owners in the Agricultural Sector via WhatsApp, with questions filtered based on respondent characteristics. The sampling technique used was random sampling. The number of samples in this study was 150 business owners. Data analysis used partial least squares-structural equality modeling (PLS-SEM).Findings/Results: The results of this study indicate that product innovation, marketing performance, and digitalization have a significant effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, HR competency has had no significant effect on the financial performance of MSMEs in the Agricultural Sector in Semarang City after the COVID-19 pandemic. Digitalization has been proven to mediate the influence of product innovation, HR competency, and marketing performance on the financial performance of MSMEs in the Agricultural Sector in Semarang City.Conclusion: Product innovation, marketing performance, and digitalization have a significant effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, HR competency has not had a significant effect on the financial performance of MSMEs in the agricultural sector in Semarang City since the COVID-19 pandemic. Digitalization is proven to mediate the influence of product innovation, HR competency, and marketing performance on the financial performance of MSMEs in the Agricultural Sector in Semarang City.Originality/value (State of the art): State of the art in the era of digital transformation. Given that digitalization is increasingly becoming an important part of the global economy, this study is relevant to the current trend of digital technology adoption by MSMEs. This study can broaden the understanding of how small and medium-scale MSMEs can utilize digitalization to improve their competitiveness and financial performance, which is a growing research area globally.
Keywords: digital transformation, HR competency, marketing performance, MSME finance, product innovatio
Leading Inclusive Growth: Comparing Business Models in The Coffee Value Chain, West Java Province
Get PDFBackground: Smallholders play a critical role in the coffee value chain within West Java Province, with the majority of coffee production originating from their plantations. However, the initiative and involvement of coffee farmers in the value chain remain limited. Consequently, it is imperative to implement an inclusive business model that ensures the participation of all stakeholders.Purposes: This study examines the diversity of inclusive business models in West Java‘s coffee value chains, focusing on collectors in Pangalengan and Lembang, coffee shops with roasteries in Bogor, and farmers’ cooperatives in Garut.Design/Methodology/Approach: Using value chain mapping, business model canvas analysis, and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, it explores how these lead firms integrate smallholder farmers into their business models while balancing profit and social impact. The analysis revealed distinct inclusivity approaches across the models, underscoring the significance of adapting strategies to specific regional contexts.Findings/Result: The collector model in Pangalengan and Lembang prioritizes efficiency and market access but may overlook the nuanced needs of farmers. Conversely, the Bogor coffee shop and roastery model fosters direct farmer relationships, promoting quality and shared decision-making. The cooperative in Garut emphasizes collective action and farmer empowerment, although it faces challenges related to governance and market access.Conclusion: This study identifies the key factors for successful inclusive business practices in coffee value chains. Enhancing coffee value chain inclusivity requires robust stakeholder engagement, particularly with smallholders, empowering training, knowledge sharing, and rigorous monitoring and evaluation.Originality/Value/state of the art: These insights include the need for context-specific business models, external actor collaboration, a holistic value-creation perspective, and continuous learning and adaptation.
Keywords: business models canvas, coffee value chain, inclusive business, West Java Province, value chain mappin
Factors Influencing Ready-To-Eat Meal Consumer’s Intention To Use Food Delivery Apps During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Get PDFFood delivery apps (FDA) are one of the most popular types of online marketing media, providing convenience for consumers to order ready-to-eat meals. The possibility of using and ordering food through FDA has also increased with the rise of Covid-19 cases as people practice social-distancing as a form of subjective norm. This study aims to analyze factors influencing consumers’ intention to use FDA during the pandemic. The primary data from online survey of 327 greater Jakarta residents who previously have or have not used FDA was analyzed using structural equation modelling. Factors significantly related to intention of the theory of reasoned action (TRA), technology acceptance model (TAM), trustworthiness, and perceived risk integration were subjective norm, perceived risk, and attitude, while other variables with significant direct effects were: (1) subjective norm and perceived risk towards attitude and (2) perceived ease of use towards attitude, perceived usefulness, and trustworthiness. Attitude were found moderating the relationship between subjective norms, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk with intention. TRA as a constituent theory was found to be the best at describing purchasing intention through FDA. Managerial implications for third-party FDA and partner restaurants were formulated from these findings.
Keywords: consumer intention, food delivery apps, technology acceptance model (TAM), theory of reasoned action (TRA), ready-to-eat meal marketin
The Factors Influencing Tea Consumers’ Attitude in Banyumas Regency
Get PDFTea producers need to understand consumer perceptions of product attributes and consumer attitudes to face tough competition The large selection of products marks the lifestyle of the people in Banyumas Regency consuming tea every day. The research objective was to analyze the effect of scent, taste, brew color, brand, and price on consumer attitudes. The research locations were selected using purposive method, namely Sokaraja District and South Purwokerto Regency because they have the largest population and housing development in Banyumas Regency. The data collection through interviews with 175 tea consumer respondents was selected by convenience sampling, namely consumers who consumed black tea in packs of original tea bags and/or jasmine tea and made purchasing decisions within the household. The analytical method uses structural equation modelling to analyze the factors that influence consumer attitudes. Mostly, tea consumers are women with an average age of 43 years, are married with an undergraduate level of education, and have a household income above IDR 1,970,000. The results showed that floral scent, astringent taste, reddish brown brew color, brand popularity, and affordability price could explain consumer-perceived product attributes, and consumers\u27 evaluation of various product choices could explain consumer attitudes. Consumer perception of taste and brand positively influences consumers. Tea producers should pay attention to consumers\u27 perceived astringent taste of brewed tea and brand popularity because the consumer considers tea\u27s two indicators important attributes.
Keywords: consumer perceptions, tea scent, tea taste, tea brew colour, consumer attitude
Factors Affecting Forest Product Exports
Get PDFLarge-scale companies carry out forestry industry export activities. PT SLJ Global Tbk is one of the actors in this activity. The research’s objectives are to analyze the factors that affect the company\u27s plywood exports and to identify the managerial policies of the company\u27s plywood exports. This research uses secondary data in the form of monthly time series data form January 2014 to December 2020. The Error Correction Model (ECM) is used to analyze the factors that affect the company’s plywood export volume. The factors that have a positive and significant effect in the long-term model are the production volume and the previous period\u27s production volume. The factors that have a positive and significant effect on the short-term model are production volume, export prices, international prices, and production volumes for the previous period. The managerial implications are increasing productivity, maintaining production stability, increasing plywood quality, and increasing export marketing. Suggestions for company are to maintain the stability of raw materials, innovate products, increase investment, require new markets, and analyze and evaluate marketing and its correlation with the company\u27s production aspects.
Keywords: ECM, export, forestry, managerial, plywoo
The Input Allocation and Potato Production on Small-Scale Farming in Pegunungan Arfak Regency
No full textSmall-scale potato farming in the Arfak Mountains needs attention in allocating inputs for efficient farming. This study aims to describe the allocation of the use of potato farming inputs, analyze the factors that affect potato production, and analyze the level of technical efficiency of potato farming in the Arfak Mountains. Arfak Mountains Regency was chosen purposively as the research location. Data collection starts from December 2021 to February 2022. Sampling was done by snowball sampling with a sample of 140 respondents. The data used in this study is cross-section data which was analyzed using the Stochastic Frontier Cobb Douglas production function approach. The results showed that the average farmer in the Arfak Mountains controlled 0.07 hectares of land for potato farming, with a seed requirement of 22 kg per hectare. The factors that affect potato production are land, seeds, and female labor. The level of technical efficiency of potato farming is 73 percent. Improvements in farming management and extension assistance for good agricultural practices and the use of technology according to farmers\u27 local wisdom need to be carried out to increase potato production and productivity.
Keywords: local knowledge, low input, potato, small-scale farming, technical efficienc
The Influence of Social Norms on The Behaviour of Farmer Business Credit
Get PDFThis study is important because an individual does certain behaviors if important people in his life can accept his behavior and he can accept what he will do, including taking Farmer Business Credit (KUT), so that he does not make mistakes by controlling his behavior later. This study aimed to investigate the effect of social norms on farmers\u27 Farmer Business Credit (KUT) behavior in Kendal Regency, Patean Subdistrict, Central Java as a mediating variable. The research population included all farmers who took KUT in the Patean subdistrict, Kendal Regency, Central Java, totaling 128 people, and all of them were used as samples. Hence, the sample selection method was the census method. The AMOS-25 program analyzed data. The results show that social norms positively and significantly impact the behavior of KUT indebtedness to farmers in the Patean subdistrict, Kendal Regency, Central Java. Interest in debt can mediate the impact of social norms on the behavior of KUT indebted to farmers in the Patean subdistrict, Kendal Regency, Central Java. The managerial implication of the research is that it will provide an understanding of the importance of knowing the factors that influence farmers on the behavior of taking and managing businesses well in supporting the development of their farming business.
Keywords: social norms, farming business, farmer business credit, behaviors, AMO