Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis
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Indonesian Coffee Exports\u27 Competitiveness and Determinants
Get PDFThis study assesses the competitiveness of Indonesian coffee in relation to its primary global competitors - Brazil, Colombia, and Vietnam. Focusing on key export markets, including the United States, Japan, and Egypt, the research analyses factors influencing the demand for coffee exports. The study utilizes time series data (2004-2021) of coffee under HS code 090111 and applies Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and the Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS). Findings highlight Indonesian coffee\u27s lower competitiveness, with Vietnam emerging as the top competitor. Additionally, demand determinants for Indonesian coffee have a smaller impact compared to those from other nations. Notably, Indonesian coffee exhibits price inelasticity in the U.S. market and high elasticity in Egypt. The study suggests strategies to improve competitiveness such as quality enhancement, product diversification, market access expansion through certification, and farmer capacity building to mitigate quality issues from green-picking practices.
Keywords: Indonesian coffee, coffee competitiveness, RCA, EPD, LA-AID
The Added Value of Bio-Business Product Diversification of Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans) in North Maluku Province
Get PDFBackground: Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) is a native Indonesian plant that thrives in North Maluku Province. However, as one of the centers of nutmeg production, North Maluku is still lacking in carrying out nutmeg processing industry activities compared to other centers. Bio-business activities in the form of nutmeg product diversification have the potential to provide high economic value.Purpose: The objectives of this study are: first, to describe the nutmeg bio-business in North Maluku. Second, to analyze the added value obtained from the diversification of nutmeg products in North Maluku.Design/methodology/approach: The study was conducted from February to March 2024 in North Halmahera Regency and Ternate City, with a sample of 108 nutmeg farmers and 4 business actors. The study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive method from primary data. Furthermore, industrial trees were used in the study to provide an overview of the various types of products that can be produced from nutmeg commodities. Meanwhile, the Hayami method was used to determine the increase in added value from the diversification of nutmeg products.Finding/Result: The results of the study found that nutmeg bio-business activities in North Maluku Province resulted in product diversification from processed fruit skin, fruit flesh, seeds, and mace. Meanwhile, the highest added value of nutmeg product diversification in North Maluku is obtained from dried nutmeg seeds, nutmeg steam herbal medicine, nutmeg oil, and dried mace.Conclusion: The production of processed nutmeg products is still carried out as a home industry. There are nineteen (19) processed products that can be produced from nutmeg in North Maluku, as depicted in the industrial tree. The calculation of added value takes into account the proportion of nutmeg fruit to be processed products. Analysis of the added value of processed nutmeg products is carried out by calculating the added value per kilogram of nutmeg raw material for one production process.Originality/value (State of the art): This study is the first to analyze the added value of nutmeg bio-business product diversification in North Maluku Province.
Keywords: Hayami method, home industry, industrial trees, nutmeg center, nutmeg processing
 
Food Security On Dryland Farm Households in Selo Sub-District, Boyolali District
Get PDFBackground: Population growth has led to an increase in the participation rate of rice consumption. This has led to constant pressure on the limits of food supply. Meanwhile, the uneven distribution of food causes food inequality in local areas. These conditions will cause some regions in Indonesia not to achieve food security, even though food availability is sufficient, if people\u27s food access is not good and food utilization is not in accordance with the rules of balanced and safe nutritious food consumption, then the area cannot be categorized as achieving food security. Drylands have great potential and role in supporting national food availability. Food security at the national or regional level does not automatically guarantee the achievement of food security at the household level.Purpose: This study aims to 1) assess the level of food security of dryland farmer households and 2) analyze the factors affecting the food security of dryland farmer households in the Selo Subdistrict. Design/methodology/approach: Sampling was done by simple random sampling from a sample frame of dryland farmer groups totaling 100 respondents. Household food security was analyzed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) indicator. The factors influencing household food security were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Findings/Result: The prevalence rate of moderate food insecurity is 10.74% of total households in the Selo Subdistrict. Farmer households in the Selo Subdistrict experiencing moderate food insecurity is a serious problem that must be addressed immediately. Although the prevalence rate is relatively small, the actual number is relatively large. The prevalence rate of severe food insecurity in the Selo Subdistrict is 0.00% of total households. The food security status shows that most households in Selo Sub-district fall into the food security category with the majority of households being food producers. Factors that significantly influence the food security status of dryland farming households in the Selo Subdistrict are the length of education of the household head, the number of household members, the ratio of expenditure on rice, and the total household income.Conclusion: The prevalence value of the moderate food insecurity category amounted to 10,74%. The most significant factor is the ratio of household expenditure on rice with an Exp (B) value or odds ratio of 401,150.611. The unstable price of rice has led most households to reduce the amount of rice purchased.Originality/value (State of the art): This study explains that dryland farmer households still have a moderate food insecurity category, although the number is small but must be considered. The rice expenditure ratio is an important factor in influencing food security status which has implications for more optimized government policies.
Keywords: binary logistic regression, food security, food insecurity experience scale (fies), househol
Simulation Model of Cassava Availability For Mocaf (Modified Cassava Flour) By Considering Sustainability
Get PDFBackground: There is a high demand for wheat flour, but the supply of it is reduced due to high prices and world oats availability because of climate change and conflicts. Cassava is processed through a fermentation process into mocaf flour and can be used as an alternative substitute for wheat flour. However, the availability of cassava has decreased in the last five years. Purpose: This research aims to determine the factors that influence the availability of cassava by considering sustainability. Design/methodology/approach: This research uses primary data from the Mocaf agro-industry and secondary data from the Central Bureau of Statistics website, as well as previous research. Supply chain management is used in this study with a model simulation of a dynamic system. The simulation model begins by creating a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD), building a mathematical model to formulate relationships between related entities, developing a Stock Flow Diagram (SFD), and drawing the model with Stella Software.Findings/Result: The results show that the factors that influence the availability of cassava as raw material for mocaf are harvest growth and an increase in the purchasing price of cassava at the farmer level. The simulation results show a substitution policy of 30% and cassava harvest growth of 1% every year, with the total availability of cassava being 17 million tons. The sustainability factor which refers to the simulation results, namely from the environmental dimension, can reduce CO2 emissions. The social dimension is the absorption of rural labor and home industry labor, utilization of marginal land, increasing income, and realizing food security. The economic dimension is the added value and durability of the mocaf.Conclusion: The factors that influence the availability of cassava as raw material for mocaf are harvest growth and an increase in the purchasing price of cassava at the farmer level. Implementation of the development scenario the availability of cassava can be fulfilled.Originality/value (State of the art): Substitution policy for mocaf and cassava harvest growth can increase the availability of cassava and implementation of the development scenario (substitution policy of 30% mocaf and cassava harvest growth of 1%) the availability of cassava can be fulfilled.
Keywords: mocaf, model simulation, cassava, supply chain management, dynamic system
 
Understanding Heterogeneity in Contract Farming Among Indonesian Sugarcane Farmers
Get PDFThe transformation of the agricultural value chain on the production side is illustrated by the increased engagement of small-scale farmers facilitated by agribusiness firms through contract farming agreements. It is believed that the varied ramifications of contract farming are influenced not solely by contextual and implementation disparities but also by variations in the attributes of participating farmers. The dataset utilized in this investigation was sourced from the 2014 Indonesian Household Plantation Survey, comprising information from 8816 sugarcane farmers. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were employed to categorize sugarcane farmers statistically and scrutinize the structure of sugarcane contract farming in Indonesia. Findings unveiled four distinct clusters of sugarcane farmers with discernible and significant dissimilarities in attributes. Contract farming is predominantly characterized by adult farmers with moderately sized self-owned land managed intensively and relatively favorable institutional access. Conversely, non-contract farming consists of adult farmers with small self-owned land working non-intensively and having limited institutional access.
Keywords: cluster analysis, contract farming, principal component analysis, sugarcan
What’s Antecedent Driving Intention To Purchase Organic Food? Examining Attitude and Trust
Get PDFBackground: Organic food has its own appeal for consumers, so the development of the organic food business is currently rapid. Choosing the right food is the main key in maintaining health by living a healthy lifestyle. Purpose: Thus, this research aims to examine antecedents that can increase consumer purchase intentions for organic food in Central Java.Design/Methodology/approach: A total of 242 of organic food consumers as the respondent were involved to fill out the survey with a questionnaire determined based on purposive sampling techniques. The collected data was processed and analysed using structural equation models with the help of AMOS statistical tools.Finding/Result: The research results prove that consumer purchase intentions for organic food are influenced by consumer attitudes and beliefs in organic food, but are not influenced by food safety concerns. Meanwhile, consumer trust in organic food is influenced by food safety concerns and health consciousness is not significant. Furthermore, attitude toward organic food is influenced by food safety concerns and health consciousness.Conclusion: This research concludes that the antecedents used in this research have an important role in increasing consumer purchase intentions towards organic food.Originality/value (state of the art): The originality of this research is that this research contributes to providing different insights regarding antecedents that can increase consumer purchasing intentions for organic food.
Keywords: green marketing, purchase intention, organic food, health consciousness, food safety
 
Credit Access as a Nexus of Profitability: The Resilience of Smallholder Broiler Contract Farming
No full textBackground: The unequal access to resources in the broiler industry hinders smallholders from competing effectively. To address this issue, farmers are being urged to engage in contract farming as a means to boost profits and improve access to credit. However, despite efforts to facilitate credit disbursement, empirical studies indicate that poultry farm loans are underutilized. These studies also demonstrate that not all farmers consistently benefit from increased profits and improved credit access.Purpose: This research was conducted to answer the nexus between credit access and profitability. Furthermore, this study reviews the problems and the role of contract farming on farmers\u27 credit access. Design/methodology/approach: The investigation encompassed an analysis of 51 broiler plasma farmers affiliated with an integrator company in West Java. To elucidate the research objectives, a profitability analysis was conducted, employing both gross margin assessment and the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method within a multiple regression framework. Findings/Result: The research findings elucidate that profitability among farmers is not guaranteed, with operational losses frequently attributed to negligence, adverse climatic conditions, and disease outbreaks. Consequently, some farmers must seek financial credit to sustain working capital and facilitate business expansion. Specifically, investment credit is allocated for the enhancement or construction of cages and equipment, whereas working capital credit aims to expedite the turnover of operational expenses. An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analysis revealed significant determinants of profit, including access to credit, flock size, ownership of cages and land, employment of hired labor, and the farmer\u27s age. Parameter estimation further delineated that, ceteris paribus, farmers who engaged in credit utilization reported substantially higher profits, amounting to IDR11,949 million more than their counterparts who did not access credit. It is noteworthy that credit application processes that bypass integrator companies necessitate sufficient collateral to secure the loans, limiting access to bank credit strictly to farmers who possess adequate collateral. According to the survey data, a mere 13,7%. The role of contract farming in mitigating the asymmetry of information regarding credit access remains suboptimal.Conclusion: The results rejected the hypothesis that credit access does not affect profit. However, farmers\u27 utilization of credit access is relatively small and the distribution of credit access among plasma farmers engaged in contract farming is characterized by inequity.Originality/value (State of the art): This study addressed the vital role of credit access toward farmers’ profitability. This study combined Ricardo\u27s theory and principal agency theory, applied to contract farming in the broiler industry. This sharpened the importance of the integrator company\u27s role in providing capital and financing facilities to farmers based on the principle of risk sharing, thereby reducing the company’s risk.
Keywords: contract farming, gross margin, credit access, broiler, smallholde
Impact of Climate Change on The Export of Palm Oil, Coffee Beans, and Cocoa Beans
Get PDFClimate change is believed to impact the economy of a country. The production of food crop commodities is one of the activities that is negatively impacted by the climate change and the volume of exports. Palm oil, coffee beans, and cocoa beans are the agricultural sector\u27s leading commodities with high competitiveness in international markets and contribute significantly to exporting countries\u27 economies. This research aims to determine the impact of climate change (changes in the annual average temperature and total annual precipitation) on the exports of the three commodities. This study uses secondary data from various sources. The data were analyzed using panel data regression analysis. The result shows that temperature and precipitation variables have different effects on the three commodities. Temperature and precipitation variables have a significant adverse impact on coffee bean exports. In contrast, temperature and precipitation variables positively affect palm oil exports. Meanwhile, for cocoa beans, only the precipitation variable positively affects export. Adaptation action by introducing climate varietas is important to maintain future exports of those commodities.
Keywords: precipitation, panel data, leading commodities, climate change, agricultural sector\u27
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Motivation, Competency, and Orientation on Garlic Farming Performance in Sembalun District
Get PDFSembalun District is the center of garlic farming in East Lombok Regency and one of the areas with the highest garlic production in Indonesia. Garlic is a commodity with very high demand in Indonesia and continues to increase. However, this demand is primarily supported by imports. On the other hand, garlic farming has high risks due to dependence on the weather. Therefore, farmers must have good entrepreneurial skills to optimize the performance of their farming business. This research aims to determine the influence of entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial competency, and entrepreneurial orientation on the business performance of garlic farmers in Sembalun District. The research uses primary data taken from 70 garlic farmers spread across five villages in Sembalun District. The analytical method used in this research is SEM PLS analysis with the help of SmartPLS software version 4.0. The research results show that (1a) pull motivation has a positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation; (1b) push motivation has a negative effect on entrepreneurial orientation; (1c) entrepreneurial competency has a positive impact on entrepreneurial orientation; (2a) pull motivation has a positive effect on farming business performance; (2b) push motivation has a negative effect on farming business performance; (2c) entrepreneurial competency has no impact on farming business performance; (3) entrepreneurial orientation has a positive effect on farming business performance.
Keywords: entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial competency, entrepreneurial orientation, farming performance, garli
Import Demand of Palm Oil From Indonesia in The Indian Market
Get PDFPalm oil has occupied an important position in the world trade of edible oils. India is still very dependent on palm oil imports, including other vegetable oils, to meet the needs of cooking oil and palm-based food industries. This study uses an ARDL approach to examine several factors that affect the demand for palm oil imports (CPO and RPO) from Indonesia in the Indian market. In the long run, CPO imports in the Indian market are significantly affected by CPO prices, sunflower oil prices, soybean oil prices, import tariffs, real exchange rates, real income per capita, soybean oil production in India, and India\u27s population. Indonesian RPO imports in the Indian market are also significantly influenced by import price, soybean oil price, import tariff, and total vegetable oil production in India. Indonesia should be able to capitalize on the Indian market as its demand for vegetable oil is increasing. The increasing size of the Indian market (although more protective) is a challenge for Indonesia to meet the demand for vegetable oil in the Indian market. Indonesia\u27s industrial and trade policy should shift the structure of India\u27s import demand from CPO to palm oil-based downstream semi-finished and final products.
Keywords: import demand, crude palm oil, refined palm oil, Indonesia, Indian marke