Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis
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RISIKO RANTAI PASOK AGROINDUSTRI SALAK MENGGUNAKAN FUZZY FMEA
Get PDFThis research aims to identify and evaluate the risks of the supply chain management of salacca at the SME of Ambudi Makmur using fuzzy logic. In this research, identification of the supply chain risk was performed on each subject of supply chain using survey method. Furthermore, the results of supply chain risk in Ambudi Makmur were evaluated using FMEA’s fuzzy logic, a methodology using fuzzy logic to identify the problems or causes of failures that have occurred by consideration of criteria of Severity (S), Occurrence (O), and Detection (D). The identification results show that there are eight risk factors at the farm level, 11 risk factors, at the agribusiness industry level of SME of Ambudi Makmur, 4 risk factors at distributor level and 3 risk factors at the retailer level. The largest risk factor is in agribusiness industry, and the most dominant is on “make”. Based on the Fuzzy Risk Priority Number (FRPN), the first rank of risks of salacca supply chain is delay. Thus, this risk is the first priority that must be solved by Ambudi Makmur. Keywords: Fuzzy FMEA, risk supply chain, supply chainABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengevalusi risiko rantai pasok salak di UKM Ambudi Makmur Bangkalan menggunakan logika fuzzy. Pada penelitian ini identifikasi risiko rantai pasok dilakukan pada tiap pelaku rantai pasok menggunakan metode survei. Selanjutnya, hasil identifikasi risiko rantai pasok pada UKM Ambudi Makmur dievaluasi menggunakan logika fuzzy FMEA. Fuzzy FMEA merupakan metodologi yang memakai logika fuzzy dalam mengidentifikasi permasalahan atau penyebab kegagalan yang terjadi melalui pertimbangan kriteria severity (S), occurence (O), dan detection (D). Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa pada tingkat petani terdapat delapan faktor risiko, pada tingkat usaha agroindustri, yaitu UKM Ambudi Makmur terdapat 11 faktor risiko, pada tingkat distributor terdapat empat faktor risiko, pada tingkat retailer terdapat tiga faktor risiko. Faktor risiko paling banyak terdapat pada usaha agroindustri dan paling dominan terdapat pada unsur make. Berdasarkan perhitungan Fuzzy Risk Priority Number (FRPN), risiko yang mendapat ranking pertama adalah risiko pasokan komoditas salak mengalami keterlambatan. Dengan demikian, risiko ini merupakan prioritas pertama yang harus diatasi UKM Ambudi Makmur.Kata kunci: Fuzzy FMEA, rantai pasok, risiko rantai paso
Produksi dan Pemasaran Komoditas Broiler di Jawa Barat
Get PDFThe development of broiler industry can be a basis for the economic growth and employment opportunities. There are three broiler breeding patterns i.e. independent breeders, internal-business partnerships, and external-business partnerships. This research aims to analyze broiler production and marketing in West Java Province. The research objectives are: (1) to analyze the performance of each broiler breeding farm; (2) to analyze the market structure of broilers; (3) to evaluate the marketing margin of broilers; and (4) to study market integration of broilers. The method used in this study was a survey method using structured questionnaires. The primary and secondary data used in this study were analyzed using the broiler breeding feasibility analysis, R/C ratio, marketing margin, and market integration analysis. The results showed that: (1) broiler breeding business in various patterns remains profitable and has an effective return to capital in moderate level, (2) both independent and plasma broiler breeders face an oligopolistic market structure, and the brokers also confronts oligopolistic market structure in dealing with the core enterprise through specific prices, and (3) retailers receive the biggest profit margin per unit of output, while the inter-regional wholesalers receive the largest total margin due to its large sales turnover, and (4) broiler markets are not integrated. In summary it can be concluded that broiler farming in various business patterns is profitable; however, and the marketing system is inefficient.Keywords: R/C ratio, market structure, marketing margins, market integration, broilerABSTRAKPengembangan komoditas broiler dapat menjadi basis pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pemerataan kesempatan kerja jika dikelola dengan baik. Paling tidak terdapat tiga pola usaha ternak broiler yakni usaha ternak mandiri, kemitraan usaha internal dan kemitraan usaha eksternal. Tujuan penelitian adalah (1) mmenganalisis kinerja usaha ternak broiler; (2) menganalisis struktur pasar komoditas broiler; (3) menganalisis margin tataniaga komoditas broiler; dan (4) menganalisis integrasi pasar komoditas broiler. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan analisis kelayakan usaha ternak, R/C ratio, marjin tataniaga dan analisis integrasi pasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) usaha ternak broiler pada berbagai pola usaha masih tetap menguntungkan dan memiliki efektivitas pengembalian modal pada level moderat; (2) peternak baik mandiri maupun peternak plasma menghadapi struktur pasar yang oligopsonistik dan pedagang pengepul/broker menghadapi struktur pasar yang oligopolistik dalam berhadapan dengan perusahaan inti melalui harga Posko; (3) pedagang pengecer menerima rata-rata margin keuntungan terbesar per unit output, sedangkan pedagang besar antar wilayah menerima margin total terbesar karena omzet penjualan yang besar; dan (4) pasar komoditas broiler tidak terintegrasi, secara relatif peternak ke pedagang besar tidak terintegrasi dan pedagang besar ke pedagang pengecer secara relatif lebih terintegrasi. Secara ringkas dapat disimpulkan bahwa usaha ternak broiler pada berbagai pola usaha menguntungkan dan sistem pemasaran yang belum efisien.Kata kunci: R/C ratio, struktur pasar, margin pemasaran, integrasi pasar, broiler
Perkembangan Produktivitas, Luas Lahan, Harga Domestik, Permintaan dan Ekspor Biji Kakao Indonesia Periode 1990-2013
Get PDFAcreage development, production, productivity, and Indonesian cocoa exports cannot be separated from the influence of various cocoa policies applied by the Indonesian government and the international cocoa institution that is ICCO. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the behavior of the economy, including productivity, demand, export, and cocoa prices, and impact of domestic policy for the behavior of Indonesian cocoa economy. The analysis method used for the economy behavior was the simultaneous equation model with 2SLS approach (Two Stage Least Square). The analysis showed domestic production is influenced by cocoa price, fertilizer price, labor costs, and technology. Cocoa demand is influenced by the amount of domestic prices of processed cocoa. Cocoa exports is affected by the production, world prices, exchange rates, exports of cocoa from the previous year, and domestic demand for cocoa whereas domestic prices are influenced by world prices, domestic supply, and domestic prices of the previous yearKeywords: cocoa, 2SLS, behavior of the economy, demand, exportABSTRAKPerkembangan luas areal, produksi, produktivitas,dan ekspor kakao Indonesia tidak lepas dari pengaruh berbagai kebijakan kakao yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia dan lembaga kakao dunia, yaitu ICCO. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku ekonomi, termasuk produktivitas, permintaan, ekspor, harga kakao dan dampak kebijakan domestik untuk perilaku ekonomi kakao Indonesia. Analisis metode perilaku ekonomi yang digunakan adalah model persamaan simultan dengan pendekatan 2SLS (Two Stage Least Square). Hasil analisis menunjukkan produksi dipengaruhi oleh harga domestik kakao, harga pupuk, biaya tenaga kerja, teknologi. Permintaan kakao dipengaruhi oleh jumlah harga domestik olahan kakao. ekspor kakao dipengaruhi oleh produksi, harga dunia, nilai tukar, ekspor kakao dari tahun sebelumnya, permintaan domestik untuk kakao. harga domestik dipengaruhi oleh harga dunia, pasokan dalam negeri, harga domestik dari tahun sebelumnya.Kata kunci: kakao, 2SLS, perilaku ekonomi, permintaan, ekspo
Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Perkebunan Sebelum dan Setelah Akuisisi
Get PDFMerger and Acquisition (M & A) conducted by estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE) are expected to increase their competitiveness in a dynamic business environment. However, there is no consensus from previous studies on the impact of M & A on the financial performance of the companies involved. This study was conducted to compare the financial performance of estate companies listed on the Stock Exchange (ISE) before and after M & A. The data used were secondary data obtained from the websites of the companies, the Indonesia Stock Exchange and PT Indonesian Capital Market Electronic Library. The test was performed using paired t-test and Wilcoxon test. The results show that the values of ROA, ROE and PBV of the estate companies after M & A are significantly lower than those before M & A.Keywords: mergers and acquisitions, financial performance, paired t-test, Wilcoxon testABSTRAKMerger dan akuisisi (M&A) yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan perkebunan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) diharapkan mampu meningkatkan daya saingnya pada lingkungan bisnis yang dinamis. Akan tetapi, tidak ditemukan adanya konsensus dari penelitian-penelitian terdahulu mengenai dampak M&A terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan-perusahaan yang terlibat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan kinerja keuangan perusahaan-perusahaan perkebunan yang terdaftar di BEI sebelum dan sesudah M&A. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh dari website masing-masing perusahaan, website Bursa Efek Indonesia dan website PT Indonesian Capital Market Electronic Library. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t berpasangan dan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ROA, ROE dan PBV perusahaan perkebunan setelah M&A signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan ROA, ROE dan PBV sebelum M&A.Kata kunci: merger dan akuisisi, kinerja keuangan, uji t berpasangan, uji Wilcoxo
Konversi Lahan Sawah di Indonesia dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kebijakan Harga Pembelian Pemerintah (HPP) Gabah/Beras
Get PDFConversion of paddy fields in Indonesia is quite alarming, reaching an average area of 10 thousand hectares per year. Various regulations have been created and assigned; however, they are considered not to effectively reduce the rate of conversion of the existing paddy fields. The paddy field conversion has brought about negative impacts on the national food security. To overcome these, besides issuing the government regulations to reduce the rate of paddy field conversion, the government has also set a number of policies to boost rice production and to improve the welfare of farmers. One policy is the pricing policy by the Government Purchase Price (grains/rice). This study aimed to analyze the paddy field conversion in Indonesia and its effect on the Government Purchase Price (grains/rice). The data used in this research were the dynamic time series data from the years of 1990-2010, with the consideration of the upward trend in paddy field conversion in Indonesia. The models built an econometric model of simultaneous equations consisted of 41 equations (19 structural equations and 22 identity equations) or in other words, the model consisted of 41 endogenous variables. The results showed that the real prices (grains/rice) of the government purchases have inelastic responses to the changes of all explanatory variables in the short and long terms. The conversion of paddy fields in Indonesia has not only reduced the existing rice production capacity but also has affected the government purchase price policy (grains/rice). The government requires to implement the multi qualities of the government purchasing pries (HPP) for both grains and rice.Keywords: rice, grain, government purchase price, paddy field conversio
The Dairy Value Chain, Inclusive Business Model, and Inclusiveness Improvement of Southern Bandung Dairy Cooperative (KPBS) Pangalengan
Get PDFThere is an opportunity for smallholder dairy farmers to grow in meeting the increasing demand of milk and milk products in Indonesia. IBM is a suitable method for smallholder improvement. KPBS Pangalengan is one good example of institution which implements IBM. This research aims to analyze KPBS Pangalengan’s current dairy value chain, business model, inclusiveness, as well as the possible areas of improvement for its inclusiveness respectively using VCM, BMC, and NBM Principles. Based on the result of this research, there is a tendency of declining fresh milk production in dairy farmer level and a tendency of Milk Processing Industry (MPI) as the chain leaders due to their domination along the chain. Other customer perspective business models have their most weaknesses. The weakest area of KPBS Pangalengan inclusiveness is measurement of outcome area. The four areas of improvement for KPBS Pangalengan inclusiveness include fresh milk production area, IT support area for the downstream side, potential diversifications area (agritourism and milk café concept), and measurement of outcome area. Keywords: inclusiveness, KPBS Pangalengan, Milk Processing Industry, smallholders, value chai
SISTEM PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN AGROINDUSTRI PALA DI TALAUD
Get PDFNutmeg (pala) is a plantation crop cultivated by the people of Talaud Islands, and it is one of the leading commodities in Talaud district. The main issue about the utilization of nutmeg is that there is no processing industry, so the utilization of nutmeg is not optimum. This condition could be the result of poor information and lack of decision making system that help stakeholders to decide on policy. The aim of this research is to design a decision support system (DSS) that can help business and government to make a decision related to planning and development of nutmeg agroindustry. The designed DSS consists of five models, namely, (1) location determination using Location Quotient (LQ) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods, (2) agroindustry products determination using AHP, (3) institutional determination using AHP, (4) market forecasting using linear regression, and (5) financial analysis using investment criterion. The development of DSS refers to research stages of System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and uses an Object Oriented (OO) approach. This research has successfully designed a web-based decision support system to develop nutmeg agroindustry in Talaud. This system could help the users to process an alternative for nutmeg agroindustry development in Talaud because the assessment has been computerized and can be accessed anywhere through the internet.Keywords: agroindustry, analytic hierarchy process, nutmeg, object-oriented, SDLCAbstrakTanaman pala merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang banyak diusahakan oleh masyarakat Talaud dan merupakan komoditas unggulan Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud. Masalah utama yang terjadi adalah belum adanya industri pengolahan pala sehingga turunan buah pala seperti daging buah belum diolah dengan baik. Permasalahan tersebut disebabkan oleh kelangkaan informasi dan tidak adanya perangkat pengambil keputusan yang dapat membantu para stakeholder untuk menentukan kebijakan yang perlu dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun sebuah sistem penunjang keputusan (SPK) sehingga dapat membantu pelaku usaha dan pemerintah dalam mengambil keputusan yang berhubungan dengan perencanaan dan pengembangan agroindustri pala. SPK yang dibangun terdiri dari lima basis model yaitu (1) penentuan lokasi menggunakan metode Location Quotient (LQ) dan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), (2) penentuan produk agroindustri menggunakan metode (AHP), (3) penentuan kelembagaan menggunakan metode AHP, (4) perkiraan pasar dengan metode regresi linier dan (5) analisis kelayakan finansial dengan menggunakan kriteria-kriteria investasi. Pengembangan SPK akan menggunakan pendekatan mengacu pada tahapan penelitian System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) dan menggunakan pendekatan pengembangan sistem Object Oriented (OO). Penelitian ini telah berhasil membangun sistem pendukung keputusan berbasis web untuk pengembangan agroindustri pala di Talaud. Sistem ini, memudahkan pengguna untuk proses penentuan alternatif pengembangan agroindustri pala di Talaud karena proses penilaian sudah dilakukan secara terkomputerisasi dan dapat diakses di berbagai tempat yang memiliki akses internet.Kata kunci: agroindustri, analytic hierarchy process, object-oriented, pala, SDL
Preferensi Risiko Petani Padi di Daerah Aliran Sungai Bengawan Solo, Kabupaten Bojonegoro, Provinsi Jawa Timur
Get PDFBojonegoro Regency is one of the major sources of food and energy and the 4th largest rice production center in East Java Province; however, it is the most vulnerable region to flood from Bengawan Solo River. The fluctuation of rice production for the last six years shows the existence of rice production risk in Bojonegoro. This research aims to analyze the factors that affect rice production and production risk in Bojonegoro Regency and to analyze the behavior of rice farmers in facing production risk. The data used were secondary data from the Research Center for Disaster of IPB 2016, and the research was held in Kegungprimpen Village, Kanor of Bojonegoro Regency from March-April 2016 with 50 samples from the rice farmers. The data were analyzed using multiple linier regression analysis and absolute risk averse (AR). The results show that the variables of land width, pesticides, and flooding are the increasing risk factors, while those of labor, chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer are the reducing risk factors. The behavior of farmers in facing the production risk a whole shows that the entire rice farmers in e Kedungprimpen Village are risk takers. Assistance in the use of inputs of pesticides and agricultural insurance are required because they can provide protection to rice farmers as anticipation against rice production risk.Keywords: flood, Bengawan Solo River watershed, preference, riskABSTRAKKabupaten Bojonegoro merupakan salah satu wilayah lumbung pangan dan energi serta sentra produksi padi tertinggi ke 4 di provinsi Jawa Timur merupakan wilayah yang paling rentan terhadap bencana banjir sungai Bengawan Solo. Fluktuasi produksi selama enam tahun terakhir menunjukan adanya risiko produksi di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor – faktor yang memengaruhi produksi dan risiko produksi dan menganalisis preferensi risiko petani padi padi di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari hasil penelitian Pusat Studi Bencana IPB tahun 2016 yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret - April 2016 di Desa Kegungprimpen, Kecamatan Kanor, Kabupaten Bojonegoro dengan sampel yang digunakan, yaitu 50 petani padi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda dan absolute risk averse (AR). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa variabel luas lahan, pestisida, dan banjir merupakan faktor peningkat risiko (risk increasing factors), sedangkan tenaga kerja, pupuk kimia dan pupuk organik merupakan faktor pengurang risiko (risk reducing factors). Preferensi risiko petani secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa seluruh petani padi yang ada di Desa Kedungprimpen bersifat risk taker. Perlu adanya pendampingan penggunaan input pestisida dan asuransi pertanian yang dapat memberikan perlindungan kepada petani padi sebagai antisipasi terhadap risiko produksiKata kunci: banjir, das bengawan solo, preferensi, risiko
STUDI EMPIRIS PERILAKU USAHA KOPERASI PERTANIAN: KASUS KOPERASI DI DATARAN TINGGI GAYO, PROVINSI ACEH
Get PDFAgricultural cooperatives play an important role in supporting small agricultural farmers. The key roles of cooperatives are to improve access to markets, increase in bargaining position of farmers, and adopt improved technologies. The problem faced by the coffee farmers is their weakness position in the price determination. Based on this problem, this study aimed to analyze the cooperative’s business behavior. The study was conducted in Aceh Tengah and Bener Meriah districts. Data were collected from 15 cooperatives purposively selected. The mode of cooperative economic behavior was constructed as a simultaneous equation system consisting of purchase price, purchase amounts, sales prices and number of cooperative members. The model was estimated by 2SLS method. The results show that most of the variables in the model indicate that cooperatives have run their business in compliance with the cooperative principles. Keywords: agricultural cooperative, coffee, farmers, simultaneous modelAbstrakKoperasi pertanian memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung petani kecil. Peran kunci koperasi tersebut, yaitu untuk meningkatkan akses pasar, meningkatkan posisi tawar petani, dan meningkatkan kemampuan mengadopsi teknologi. Masalah yang dihadapi petani kopi adalah posisi tawar petani lemah dalam penentuan harga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perilaku usaha koperasi dengan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi harga pembelian, jumlah pembelian, jumlah penjualan, jumlah anggota dan sisa hasil usaha pada koperasi. Model perilaku ekonomi koperasi dibangun sebagai suatu sistem persamaan simultan yang terdiri dari harga pembelian, jumlah pembelian, harga penjualan, jumlah anggota koperasi dan Sisa hasil usaha. Model ini diestimasi dengan metode 2SLS. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar variabel dalam model menunjukkan bahwa koperasi telah menjalankan kegiatan usahanya sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip koperasi. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari perilaku koperasi dalam melakukan pembelian terhadap kopi anggota.Kata kunci: koperasi pertanian, kopi, petani, model simultan
Kinerja Agribisnis Komoditas Pertanian: Kemampuan Penciptaan Output, Nilai Tambah dan Keterkaitan Antar Sektor (Analisis Komparasi I-O Tahun 2005 dan 2010)
Get PDFIn the perspective of agribusiness, the agricultural commodity has become an economic entity for the actors of businesses to develop the integration of products from upstream to downstream. This paper aimed to analyze any agricultural commodity that had grown into agribusiness commodities in the period 2005 and 2010. The methodology used was to conduct a comparative table of I-O in 2005 and 2010 to identify any agricultural commodity that had: (a) the capability in the creation of high economy through the creation of output; (b) the creation of high added value, and (c) the forward and backward relationships. Growing an agricultural commodity that has been cultivated, the higher the forward and backward linkages with other sectors. Similarly, when the ability of an agricultural commodity in creating added value is higher, the ability in creating economic value is also higher. The results showed that the groups of food commodities had lower capabilities as agricultural commodities compared with the groups of horticulture, plantation, and livestock commodities. The development of primary agricultural commodities into final products can enhance the role of agribusiness commodities. The implication is that the development of downstream industries for the commodities of food, horticulture, plantation and livestock is a strategic step in the creation of output, value added and linkages among the economic sectors.Keywords: agribusiness, agricultural commodities, linkages between sectors, output, added valu