Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis
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FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI MINAT BELI PANGAN ORGANIK MELALUI SITUS ONLINE
Get PDFThis study is aimed to explore the factors that can increase the intention to buy and their implications in the design of marketing sites. Theoretical background used in the study is mainly adopted from the Technology Acceptance Model. Five variables are included in this research including Online Buying Intention, Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Trust and Information on the Site. Data of 426 respondents were collected and analyzed using statistical methods of structural equation modeling to test the research model. The results show that the Information on the Site significantly influences Trust, and Perceived Usefulness and Trust significantly influence Online Buying Intention. Ease of Use does not significantly influence Online Buying Intention. The results of this study later become the basis for designing the information presented on a site of organic processed foods in a form of recommendations on information that should be presented on its website.Keywords: technology acceptance model, online marketing, websites, organic products, structural equation modellingAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan menggali faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan minat beli dari pengunjung situs, serta implikasinya dalam perancangan situs pemasaran, Model utama mengadopsi Technology Acceptance Model. Empat variabel digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu kemudahan penggunaan, persepsi terhadap kegunaan, rasa percaya dan informasi pada situs. Data untuk menguji model penelitian dikumpulkan dari 426 responden, dan dianalisis menggunakan metode statistik structural equation modelling. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa informasi pada situs berpengaruh signifikan terhadap rasa percaya. Persepsi terhadap kegunaan dan rasa percaya berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli online. Kemudahan penggunaan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat beli online. Hasil penelitian ini kemudian menjadi dasar dalam merancang informasi yang disajikan pada sebuah situs makanan olahan organik, yaitu dengan merekomendasikan informasi-informasi yang sebaiknya ditampilkan pada situs. Kata kunci: technology acceptance model, pemasaran online, situs, produk organik, structural equation modellin
Peran Agroindustri Hulu dan Hilir Dalam Perekonomian dan Distribusi Pendapatan di Indonesia
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the comparison of roles of the upstream and downstream agroindustries on the economy and income distribution of the Indonesian people. The analyzed economic indicators include output, employment, GDP, exports and imports. The data used in this study were from the Data of Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) as the latest data issued by Central Bureau of Statistics in 2008. The roles of upstream and downstream agroindustries were analyzed using accounting multiplier analysis. In the national economy, downstream agroindustry is more instrumental in the creation of output, added value, and imports while upstream agroindustry has a bigger role in the creation of GDP and exports. In terms of people\u27s income distribution, downstream agroindustry creates a more equitable distribution of income both for domestic agriculture and non-agriculture.Keywords: agroindustry, GDP, income distribution, SAMABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbandingan peran agroindustri hulu dan hilir terhadap perekonomian dan distribusi pendapatan masyarakat Indonesia. Indikator ekonomi yang dianalisis adalah output, ketenagakerjaan, PDB, ekspor dan impor. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data Sistem Neraca Sosial Ekonomi tahun 2008 sebagai data SNSE terbaru yang diterbitkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik. Peran agroindustri hulu dan hilir ini akan dianalisis menggunakan analisis pengganda neraca. Dalam perekonomian nasional, agroindustri hilir lebih berperan dalam penciptaan output, nilai tambah dan impor. Sementara agroindustri hulu lebih berperan dalam penciptaan, PDB dan ekspor. Dari sisi distribusi pendapatan masyarakat, agroindustri hilir menciptakan distribusi pendapatan yang lebih merata baik bagi rumah tangga pertanian maupun non pertanian.Kata kunci: agroindustri, PDB, distribusi pendapatan, SNS
BIAYA TRANSAKSI DAN NILAI TAMBAH PADA RANTAI PASOK DAGING SAPI DI KOTA BOGOR
Get PDFThe objectives of this study are to map the distribution network of beef supply chain in Bogor city and analyze the transaction cost, value added and marketing efficiency in the marketing channel of beef supply chain in Bogor city. Value stream mapping (VSM) was used to analyze the distribution channel of beef supply chain. Hayami method was used to analyze transaction cost, value added and marketing efficiency. The result shows that there are 9 alternative distribution channels of beef marketing in Bogor city. The biggest value added gained by PBDS I (22.24%) is from slaughtering activities. Transaction cost in supply chain process is only 3–5 % the total costs. The dominating cost is the cost to buy beef supply (60%), and the most efficient and profitable channel is channel 7 (Feedloter – PBDS I – Consumer) with the marketing efficiency score of 0.80%. Therefore, the butchers in Bogor city are recommended to choose channel 7 for its highest benefit and efficient channel. Keywords: beef, supply chain, transaction cost, value added, hayami methodAbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memetakan jaringan distribusi rantai pasok daging sapi di Kota Bogor dan menganalisis biaya transaksi, nilai tambah dan tingkat efisiensi pemasaran dari saluran pemasaran daging sapi di Kota Bogor. Value stream mapping (VSM) digunakan untuk memetakan jaringan distribusi daging sapi dan metode hayami digunakan untuk menganalisis biaya transaksi, nilai tambah dan efisiensi pemasaran. Berdasarkan hasil pemetaan jaringan distribusi rantai pasok daging sapi dengan menggunakan VSM terdapat sembilan alternatif saluran distribusi pemasaran daging sapi di Kota Bogor. Nilai tambah terbesar diperoleh dari hasil pemotongan sapi hidup menjadi karkas yang didapatkan oleh PBDS I (22,24%). Biaya transaksi dalam proses pasokan jaringan distribusi hanya berkisar 3–5% dari total biaya yang dikeluarkan. Biaya yang mendominasi adalah biaya dalam membeli pasokan daging sapi yang mencapai 60%. Saluran pemasaran daging sapi yang paling efisien dan menguntungkan adalah saluran 7 (Feedloter – PBDS I – Konsumen) dengan skor efisiensi pemasaran sebesar 0,80%. Oleh karena itu, pedagang daging sapi Kota Bogor disarankan untuk memilih saluran 7 untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang paling tinggi dan paling efisien. Kata kunci: daging sapi, rantai pasok, biaya transaksi, nilai tambah, metode hayam
PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN, KOMITMEN, DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI TERHADAP KINERJA RANTAI PASOKAN (STUDI KASUS IKM PENGOLAH BUAH MARKISA DI KOTA MAKASSAR)
Get PDFThe effective Supply chain management (SCM) has increasingly become an important way to enhance competitive strength as well as business performance. Trust, commitment, and well-integrated supply chain by Information Technology (IT) support are important elements to improve supply chain performance. The objectives of this study are to examine and analyze the effects of trust variables on supply chain performance, trust on commitment, commitment on supply chain performance, information technology on supply chain performance, and effects of trust variable on supply chain performance through commitment variable to Small and Medium Industries (SMIs) of passion fruit processing in Makassar. This study used a quantitative approach, where the questionnaire as main tools for data collection. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis and partial least square-path modeling (PLS-PM). Data computation used SmartPLS 2.0 Software. The results show that trust has a significant effect on supply chain performance, and it also has a significant effect on commitment. Furthermore, commitment has a significant effect on supply chain performance, and information technology has a significant effect on supply chain performance. Trust can improve the supply chain performance by commitment indirectly, and it gives smaller effect on supply chain performance directly than indirectly mediated by commitment. Then, supply chain performance is more influenced by information technology rather than trust and commitment. The results of this study may have implications for the important role of management in maintaining trust, commitment and utilizing information technology in the supply chain system.Keywords: trust, commitment, Information technology, supply chain performance, SMIs of passion fruit processingAbstrakPengelolaan rantai pasokan yang efektif telah menjadi cara terbaik untuk meningkatkan daya saing dan kinerja perusahaan. Kepercayaan, komitmen, dan dukungan teknologi informasi merupakan elemen-elemen penting untuk meningkatkan kinerja rantai pasokan dalam suatu perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh variabel kepercayaan terhadap kinerja rantai pasokan, pengaruh kepercayaan terhadap komitmen, pengaruh komitmen terhadap kinerja rantai pasokan, pengaruh teknologi informasi terhadap kinerja rantai pasokan, dan pengaruh variabel kepercayaan terhadap kinerja rantai pasokan melalui komitmen pada Industri Kecil dan Menengah (IKM) pengolah buah markisa di Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dimana kuesioner menjadi alat pengumpul data utama. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif, dan partial least square-path modeling (PLS-PM). Komputasi data menggunakan bantuan software SmartPLS 2.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel kepercayaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja rantai pasokan. Kepercayaan juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen. Komitmen mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja rantai pasokan. Teknologi informasi mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja rantai pasokan. Variabel kepercayaan mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja rantai pasokan melalui komitmen. Kepercayaan memberikan efek langsung yang lebih kecil pada kinerja rantai pasokan dibadingkan dengan efek tidak langsung, yang dimediasi oleh komitmen. Kinerja rantai pasokan lebih dipengaruhi oleh teknologi informasi daripada kepercayaan dan komitmen. Hasil studi ini dapat berimplikasi pada pentingnya peranan manajemen untuk konsisten menjaga kepercayaan, komitmen dan pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dalam sistem rantai pasokan.Kata kunci: kepercayaan, komitmen, teknologi informasi, kinerja rantai pasokan, IKM pengolah buah markis
Strategi Peningkatan Mutu Tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst di PTPN X Kebun Kertosari Jember
Get PDFPTPN X Kebun Kertosari is a tobacco agribusiness company. In the period of 2010-2014, the quality of tobacco declined annually, and the plantation was unable to achieve its quality target. The objectives of this research are: (1) to identify the causes of failure of the company in achieving its target of Besuki Na-Oogst tobacco, and (2) to identify strategies in improving the working performance of PTPN X Kebun Kertosari. The primary data were collected from observations and focused group discussions while the secondary data were obtained from the company archives of data on production and quality of tobacco. The research method was an analytical descriptive using the data analysis methods of fishbone diagram, Pareto diagram and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that factors affecting the quality of the Besuki Na-Oogst tobacco of PTPN X Kebun Kertosari include the human resources, methods, materials, machines and environment. The main cause of degradation of tobacco quality (80%) is labor negligence, and lack of labor skills contributes as much as 26.7%. The alternative strategy prioritized to improve the quality of the performances of the company human resources. The result of the research recommends the company to provide assistance and monitoring to its employees so that negligence and errors in production can be minimized, and the company should focus and pay attention to its human resource quality, thus increasing the performance quality of Besuki Na-Oogst tobacco of PTPN X Kebun Kertosari.Keywords: tobacco besuki Na-Oogst, quality performance, fishbone diagram, pareto diagram, analyticaal hierarchy processABSTRAKPTPN X Kebun Kertosari adalah perusahaan agribisnis komoditas tembakau. Pada tahun 2010-2014 mutu tembakau semakin menurun setiap tahunnya dan tidak mampu mencapai target mutu. Penelitian bertujuan (1) mengetahui penyebab mutu tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst di PTPN X Kebun Kertosari tidak mampu mencapai target dan (2) mengetahui strategi peningkatan kinerja mutu PTPN X Kebun Kertosari. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif analitik dengan metode analisis data diagram tulang ikan, diagram pareto dan Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang memengaruhi mutu tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst di PTPN X Kebun Kertosari mengalami penurunan sehingga tidak mampu mencapai target disebabkan oleh SDM, metode, bahan baku, mesin dan lingkungan. Hasil analisis Pareto menunjukkan penyebab utama 80% penurunan mutu, yaitu kelalaian dan kurangnya keterampilan tenaga kerja (SDM) yang menyumbang 26,7%. Strategi alternatif yang diprioritaskan untuk peningkatan kinerja mutu, yaitu peningkatan kualitas SDM. Hasil penelitian merekomendasikan perusahaan agar melakukan pendampingan dan monitoring terhadap tenaga kerja agar dapat mengurangi kelalaian dan kesalahan proses produksi serta lebih fokus dan memperhatikan kualitas SDM untuk meningkatkan kinerja mutu tembakau Besuki Na-Oogst di PTPN X Kebun Kertosari.Kata kunci: tembakau besuki Na-Oogst, kinerja mutu, diagram tulang ikan, diagram pareto, analisis proses hirark
Faktor Determinan Preferensi dan Perilaku Konsumsi Teh Hitam dan Hijau
Get PDFThe objectives of this study were: 1) to analyze the preference, attitude, and consumer behavior toward black and green tea; 2) to analyze the beverage choice factor and its impact on consumer preference on black and green tea; 3) to analyze the impact of consumer attitudes on consumer preference of black and green tea; and 4) to analyze the impact of consumer preference on black and green tea consumption behavior. This research employed a descriptive approach. The data were gathered using online survey method toward 131 respondents with a requirement of consuming black tea and green tea within the last three months. The data were analyzed with the Partial Least Square analysis using SmartPLS program and Fishbein Multi-Attribute. The result of this study showed that the primary benefit felt by the respondents was that the tea was quenching thirsty and serving freshness. The beverage choice factor had a significant effect on consumer preference while the attitude had no effects on consumer preference. In addition, the consumer preference had a significant effect on purchasing behavior of the green and black tea. The product development which should be performed includes taste and flavor innovation that can offer a benefit of quenching thirsty and serving freshness.Keywords: attitude, beverage choice factor, preference, purchasing behavior, te
Rantai Pasok Produk Beras di Kecamatan Cibeber, Kabupaten Cianjur
Get PDFIntegration in supply chain is the key of marketing. The objectives of this research were to identify the rice supply chain in Cibeber District in Cianjur Regency, to analyze the technical efficiency and vertical integration in the rice supply chain. Although the amount of rice product sold in Cipinang market is only small, the Cipinang grading system remains as a reference for the members of the rice supply chain in Cianjur. There were 10 marketing channels of rice product in Cibeber. Overall, the technical efficiency value of all channels had good scores, and this could be influenced by the sharing information process. Only four out of ten channels that had the technical efficiency, and this was caused by the large number of institutions involved in these channels. There was a directional causality from the farmers of Cibeber, Cianjur to the collectors and retailers of Cianjur. This represents that farmers’ power was not weak in the rice supply chain. The government needs to consistently oversee the rice storage performed by the wholesalers, especially in Cipinang Market. The increasing rice price in the wholesalers or retails was not caused by the increasing rice price the farmer level, but it was caused by the wholesaler market power to influence the rice supply in the marketKeywords: rice, supply chain, technical efficiency, vertical integratio
Biaya Transaksi dan Benefit Cost pada Integrasi Vertikal Rantai Nilai Agroindustri Kakao Skala Kecil
Get PDFThe government has provided incentives of technology to farmer groups engaged in the business of cocoa and chocolate. The incentives are expected to improve the downstream processes of the agricultural commodities. One downstream strategy developed by the government is developing a small capacity of the cocoa industry to undertake the processing of cocoa beans. The government intends to integrate the aquaculture sector (on-farm) with the processing sector (off-farm). This study aimed to analyze the transaction fee on each cocoa agro-industry value chain and analyze the feasibility of cocoa agro-industry vertical integration with benefit-cost ratio analysis in order to obtain the input vertical integration of agro-industry appropriate for cocoa farmer groups in Indonesia. The research showed that transaction costs increased concurrently with the vertical integration between small-scale cocoa value-chains. The vertical integration showed a positive correlation with the feasibility of cocoa agro-industry. If the business is run separately, it is a worthy effort in the early stage and late stage chains (culinary). If the business is integrated between stage 1 and stage 2, the value of BC ratio is still not feasible. The vertical integration stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 cacao of the agro-industry produced a BC ratio of 1.12, indicating that the business is financially feasible.Keywords: cocoa agroindustry, technology incentives, transaction cost, benefit cost analysis, vertical integratio
Efisiensi Teknis Usaha Pembesaran Lobster di Pulau Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Get PDFOne aquaculture commodity that has a high economic value and potential to be developed in Indonesia is lobster. Lombok Island is a considerable lobster-producing area that has a great potential for the future development. However, lobster farming in this island lacks in productivity due to the management factors. Therefore, to achieve a sustainable development, the lobster farming needs a number of efforts to improve its productivity and technical efficiency. This study aims to: (1) analyze the influencing factors to the production of lobster farming and (2) analyze the level of technical efficiency and affecting factors on the technical inefficiency of lobster farming. The primary data were collected through surveys of 106 lobster - farming households. The stochastic frontier production function with Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) method was used to analyze the efficiency of the cultivation system. The results suggested that most of the farmers are technically efficient with the average of the technical efficiency level of 0.91. The production inputs that have significant effects include the quantities of seed and feed and culture period. The technical inefficiency was influenced by the farmers’ age, experience, education and perceptions on sustainability of their farming.Keywords: technical efficiency, lobster farming, stochastic frontier production function, Cobb-Douglas, ML
Efisiensi Perusahaan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) di Indonesia
Get PDFCrude Palm Oil (CPO) is an important Indonesian agricultural product as a raw material for cooking oil and an export commodity. In order to achieve maximum profit, the companies producing the CPO need to produce it efficiently. This study used the data from the 2013 Annual Manufacturing Survey conducted by the Statistics Indonesia. In this survey, there were 547 factories producing CPO. The efficiency measurement utilized the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach using value of production as the output and two inputs, namely the number of workers and raw material value. The results showed that there are 17 factories out of 547 factories which are efficient indicated by the efficiency value of one. Factories owned by the private national companies have the highest average of efficiency followed by the foreign and government-owned companies. In regards to location, factories located in Kalimantan Island have higher average efficiency compared to those located in Sumatra Island and other islands. Meanwhile, factories with local market orientation have a higher efficiency compared to those with export market orientation.Keywords: CPO, efficiency, data envelopment analysis (DEA)ABSTRAKCrude Palm Oil (CPO) merupakan salah satu andalan produk pertanian Indonesia baik sebagai bahan baku minyak goreng maupun komoditas ekspor. Untuk mencapai keuntungan maksimum, maka perusahaan penghasil CPO perlu berproduksi secara efisien. Penelitian ini menggunakan data-data perusahaan sawit yang berasal dari Survei Perusahaan Industri Manufaktur 2013 yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik. Pada survei ini terdapat 547 pabrik yang merupakan penghasil CPO. Pengukuran efisiensi menggunakan analisis Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dengan satu output, yaitu nilai produksi serta dua input, yaitu jumlah pekerja dan nilai bahan baku. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan dari 547 perusahaan terdapat 17 perusahaan yang efisien yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai efisiensi sebesar satu. Dari nilai efisiensi tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa perusahaan swasta nasional memiliki rata-rata efisiensi tertinggi diikuti oleh perusahaan asing dan pemerintah. Sedangakan dilihat dari lokasi, perusahaan yang berlokasi di Kalimantan memiliki nilai efisiensi yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan yang berlokasi di Sumatera dan daerah lain. Apabila dilihat dari orientasi pasar, perusahaan yang mayoritas CPO-nya dijual di dalam negeri memiliki rata-rata efisiensi yang lebih besar dibandingkan yang mayoritas diekspor.Kata kunci: CPO, efisiensi, data envelopment analysis (DEA