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Efek Preventif Ekstrak Etanol Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Kolesterol Total Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Kuning Telur
Get PDFKopi robusta mengandung asam klorogenat (CGA) sekitar 7-14%. Asam klorogenat diduga dapat mencegah penyerapan kolesterol diusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek preventif ekstrak etanol kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap peningkatan kadar kolesterol total tikus. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental laboratorium pre-post-test dengan kelompok kontrol. Dua puluh emapt ekor tikus wistar jantan usia 3-4 bulan, dibagi menjadi kelompok perlakuan K1 diinduksi kuning telur, kelompok K2 diinduksi kuning telur dan ekstrak kopi dosis terapi (0,5 mL / ekor), kelompok K3 diinduksi kuning telur dan simvastatin, kelompok K4 diinduksi kuning telur dan ekstrak kopi dosis tinggi (1 mL / ekor) selama 35 hari. Pada awal dan akhir perlakuan diambil serum darah untuk mengetahui kadar kolesterol total darah menggunakan menggunakan metode CHOD-PAP. Dalam waktu 35 hari, pemberian ekstrak kopi robusta tidak mencegah kenaikan kadar kolesterol total. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada efek preventif ekstrak etanol kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap peningkatan kadar kolesterol total tikus wistar jantan yang diinduksi kuning telur. Â Kata kunci: Hiperkolesterolemia, asam klorogenat, kolesterol total seru
Pengaruh Ekstrak Air Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.,) terhadap Jumlah Endhotelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) pada Tikus Wistar Diabetes Melitus
Get PDFDiabetes melitus adalah penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia yang terjadi karena kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin, atau keduanya. Hiperglikemia menjadi faktor penentu dalam perkembangan disfungsi endotel dan penurunan kemampuan pembentukan pembuluh darah baru. Proses pembentukan pembuluh darah baru dihasilkan dari proliferasi endotel setempat dan peran dari Endhotelial Progenitor Cell (EPC) yang dapat dicegah dengan pemberian antioksidan. Salah satu tanaman yang mengandung antioksidan adalah ubi jalar ungu. Dalam penelitian ini, 25 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu 2 kelompok kontrol dan 3 kelompok perlakuan. Pemberian ekstrak dilakukan selama 14 hari melalui cara sonde dengan dosis 1,4 cc/ekor/hari, 3,5 cc/ekor/hari dan 5,6 cc/ekor/hari untuk P1, P2 dan P3. Penghitungan jumlah EPC tikus dilakukan dengan flowcytometry, selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan analisis Oneway ANOVA. Meskipun tidak berbeda secara signifikan, jumlah EPC pada tikus yang diinduksi ekstrak ubi jalar ungu lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok tikus diabetik tanpa perlakuan). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak air ubi jalar ungu dengan berbagai dosis tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata terhadap kadar EPC tikus yang diinduksi diabetes mellitus. Â Kata Kunci: Antioksidan, Diabetes melitus, EPC, Ubi Jalar Ung
Pengaruh Komposisi Hidroksi Propil Metil Selulosa K-15 dan Etil Selulosa N-22 terhadap Prosentase Kelembapan Air dan Pelepasan Meloksikam dari Sediaan Plester (The Influence of Hidroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose K-15 and Ethyl Cellulose N-22 Ratio on Procent
Get PDFThe present research has been undertaken with the aim to develop a transdermal patch of meloxicam with ratio of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K-15 and ethylcellulose (EC)N-22 as a matrix were 1:9 (Formula 1), 2:8 (Formula 2), 3:7 (Formula 3).The physicochemical parameters like organoleptic and % moisture content were evaluated. Released test using dissolution apparatus were carried out in 500 mL of phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 ± 0.05 at temperature 37 ± 0.5°C with speed of swirl 50 rpm. Results were analyzed by statistic programmed of SPSS using one way analysis of variance with degree of believed 95% (α = 0,05).The results of evaluation of patch dosage, transdermal patches were found yellow, odorless and dry. Result of moisture content F(1) 1.168 ± 0.009 %; F(2) 1.841 ± 0.019 % and F(3) 2.584 ± 0.025 %. Result of in vitro drug release F(1) 364.865 ± 0.701 µg/cm2.menit1/2; F(2) 397.212 ± 0.441 µg/cm2.menit1/2 and F(3) 439.277 ± 0.559 µg/cm2.menit1/2. It can be concluded that the combination ofHPMC K-15 and EC N-22 at ratio 7:3 was the best choice for manufacturing transdermal patch based on physicochemical and the release profile.  Keywords: transdermal patch, meloxicam, hydroxypropylmethyl celulosa, ethylcellulos
Induksi Streptococcus mutans terhadap Aktivitas Proteinase Netrofil pada Degradasi Kolagen Tipe IVÂ (Induction of Streptococcus mutans on Neutrophil Proteinase Activity in Degradation of Type IV Collagen) Â
Get PDFBackground. Endothelial basal membrane of vasculature is composed mainly by type IV collagen. This vascular collagen degradation is the most powerful stimulus for platelet aggregation and thrombosis. This phenomenon is the basic mechanism of the pathogenesis of atherothrombotic diseases. Streptococcus mutans, the main bacterium of dental caries can invade easily into blood circulation, and therefore they have chance to involve in the pathogenesis of vascular destruction and thrombosis. It was assumed that S. mutans caused vascular destruction due to its potency to induce neutrophil proteinase activity to degrade type IV collagen. Objective. This study purposed to proof in vitro that S. mutans could induce and activate neutrophil proteinases leading to degradation tipe IV collagen. Methods. Collagen degradation was analysed by means of Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamid Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Soluble Biotinylated Assay (SBA). Results. Results showed that S. mutans induced production and activation of neutrophil proteinases leading to type IV collagen degradation into six fragments with the molecular weight were 129; 95; 50; 32; 28; 14 kDa. Conclusion. S. mutans induced neutrophil proteinase activity leading to degradation of type IV collagen. This study might explain one of mechanisms role of S. mutans in initiation of atherothrombotic diseases.  Key words: Streptococcus mutans; Type IV collagen; Neutrophi
Pemetaan Risiko Hepatitis A dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) di Kabupaten Jember Tahun 2013 (The Mapping of Hepatitis A Risk with Geographic Information System (GIS) in Jember District, 2013)
Get PDFHepatitis A is an inflammation of the liver disease caused by Hepatitis A virus. Jember was an area that often became endemic of Hepatitis A. The aim of this study was to describe the spread of Hepatitis A and the spreading pattern of the risk of hepatitis A in 2013 by using a
Geographic Information System (GIS). This type of research uses descriptive method. Risk factor of Hepatitis A studied clean live and healthy behavior, defecation behavior, clean water access, family privy, waste management, number of street food corner, and population density. There are two types of maps that will be produced Hepatitis A case maps and Hepatitis A risk factor maps. The technique of data analysis used grading, scoring and calculation of the strength of the infection. The risk level is divided into three classes, namely high (score 1), moderate (score 2) and low (score 3). The results showed that there were 183 cases of Hepatitis A were recorded from medical records of RSD dr. Soebandi, RSD Balung, RS Bina Sehat and RS Jember Klinik in 2013, 27% (51 people) are in the age range 21-30 years, whereas 115 male sex. Areas that have cases with high category Sumbersari and Patrang subdistrict. An area that has Hepatitis A infection strength with high category Silo and Kaliwates subdistrict. The difference Hepatitis A case maps and Hepatitis A risk factor maps becaused low hygiene of food handle and inexact food management.
Keywords: risk, case, Geographic Information System, force of infectio
Optimasi dan Formulasi Tablet Mengapung - Mucoadhesive Glimepirid dengan Kombinasi Polimer Karbopol dan HPMC K4M (Optimization and Formulation Floating - Mucoadhesive Glimepiride Tablet with Combination Carbopol and HPMC K4M)
Get PDFGlimepiride is one of the preferred drug for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Diabetes can affect gastric emptying time. Incomplete absorption of drugs often result in small bioavailability. Glimepiride was chosen as model drug because it has incomplete absorbtion due to less gastric residence time. Tablet make by direct compression using polymer carbopol, HPMC K4M and other additives. This study used factorial design. Factors that are optimazed are carbopol and HPMC K4M and responses used are floating lag time, floating duration time, mucoadhesive, dan DE 720. tablet were evaluated for invitro release characteristic for 12 hours. Area optimum obtained on the composition of the combination of Carbopol 69.20 to 70.60 mg and HPMC K4M 10.66 to 24.67 mg. Â Keywords: glimepiride, floating mucoadhesive tablet, release kinetics, carbopol, HPMC K4
Sintesis Asam 2-(2-(n-(2,6-diklorofenil)-4 fluorobenzamida)fenil)asetat sebagai Kandidat Obat Penghambat COX (siklooksigenase)
Get PDFSodium diclofenac is a non selectif NSAID that used as an inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic. Several experiment about compound as a derivate sodium diclofenac has
been synthesized for reduce side effect. 2-(2-(N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-fluorobenzamido)phenil)acetat acid (N4FND) is derivate of sodium diclofenac that synthesized for development of drugs. The target compound has been synthesized by benzoylation reaction between sodium diclofenac with 4-fluorobenzoylchloride. And then, the target compound has been purified using Coloumn Chromatography. The isolate was identified using 1HNMR 400 MHz and KBr FTIR. Spectra of of 1HNM 00 MHz and KBr FTIR showed that 2-(2-(N-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-4-fluorobenzamido)phenil)acetat acid was successfully synthesized. Pure product compound form yellowish white crystals with melting point 165-1670C
Pengaruh Jus Tomat Segar (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) terhadapKadar Trigliserida dalam Darah Tikus Wistar Jantan yang Diberi Lipid Peroral (The Effect of Fresh Tomato Juice (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) to The Triglyceride Levels in The Blood of Male W
Get PDFIncreased levels of lipid which is characterized by increasedlevels of triglycerides until now has not found an effective and efficient. Some sources say there are9-oxo-ODA in tomatoes to cause triglyceride levels in the blood. Purpose : The aim of The Study todetermineeffect of tomatoe juice on blood serum Triglycerides level inmalewistarrat. This experimental study used male wistar rats, and the post test only control group design. Rats were divided into three groups, i.e. negative control group (K-), positif control group (K+), and treatment group (P). K-group was untreated by fresh tomato juice and fed with standart diet only. K+ group was fed with standart and peroral lipid. P group treated with fresh tomato juice and also fed with standart and lipid peroral.Fresh Tomato juice were treated by means of stomach sondation for 14 days. On day the 15th, rats were sacrified and intracardial blood were taken 3-5 ml for examination of lipid profile by enzimatic colorimetric method using an automatic test analizer. Data were analyzed by one way anova followed by LSD test. The conclusion of this study is the average triglyceride levels between the negative control group (K-) and positive control (K +) was not significantly different, and no changes in triglyceride levels in the control group (K +) and the treatmentgroup. Keywords: tomato juice, Triglycerides, 9-oxo-OD
Deteksi Kemurnian Air Zamzam Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Kemometrik (Detection of Zamzam Water Purity Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy Technique and Chemometrics)
Get PDFZamzam water is the holy water located in the city centre of Mecca. This water is believed to have lots of benefits so that it consumed by moslems around the world. In 2010, saudi authorities implement strict rules regarding export of zamzam water. The rules led to the increase sale of fake zamzam water globally. The determination of zamzam water purity was develoved using FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical methods (chemometrics). Zamzam water sample simulation consist of pure zamzam water, mineral water, and a mixture of zamzam water with mineral water in the concentration range of 10%-100%. Analysis of data using PLS, LDA, SIMCA, and SVM were based on two sets of data, in the whole absorption (4000-700 cm-1) and the absorption 1800-700 cm-1. The classification model LDA of data on the whole spectrum without preliminary treatment is the best chemometric classification model with recognition capabilitiy and ability of prediction of 100%, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric methods have been sucessfully applied to detect the purity of zamzam water samples of circulating in Jember.
Keywords: zamzam water, FTIR spectroscopy, chemometrics, training set, test set
Uji Aktivitas Protein Isolat Biji Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon) sebagai Antihipertensi secara In Vivo
Get PDFHipertensi merupakan suatu keadaan seseorang ketika terjadi peningkatan tekanan darah sistolik ≥ 140 mmHg dan/atau tekanan darah diastolik ≥ 90 mmHg. Pengobatan jangka panjang hipertensi menimbulkan beberapa efek samping sehingga diperlukan suatu alternatif pengobatan untuk hipertensi, misalnya dengan protein isolat biji melinjo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antihipertensi dari protein isolat biji melinjo pada tikus hipertensi. Tikus wistar diinduksi dengan prednison 1,5 mg/kgBB dan NaCl 2% selama 7 hari kemudian diberi perlakuan. Terdapat 7 kelompok perlakuan, kelompok K merupakan tikus normal, kelompok K(-) adalah tikus hipertensi tapi tidak diberi perlakuan, kelompok K(+) adalah tikus hipertensi dan diberi kaptopril 2,5 mg/kgBB pada hari ke-8, kelompok P1, P2, P3, dan P4 merupakan tikus hipertensi dan masing-masing diberikan protein isolat biji melinjo dengan dosis 5 mg/kgBB, 10 mg/kgBB, 20 mg/kgBB, dan 30 mg/kgBB pada hari ke-8. Tekanan darah diukur sebelum dan setelah diberi perlakuan tiap 1 jam selama 5 jam. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan Mann. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa protein isolat biji melinjo tidak dapat menurunkan tekanan darah tikus model hipertensi.  Kata kunci: Antihipertensi, Gnetum gnemon, Protein Isolat, Tekanan DarahÂ