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Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Buah Bruguiera gymnorrhiza pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) (Acute Toxicity Test of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Fruit Extract In Rats (Rattus norvegicus))
Get PDFBruguiera gymnorrhiza (bakau) fruit has a great potency as a traditional medicine, but the safety has not known yet, therefore a test to determine the toxic effects of this fruit into living thing is needed. This research aimed to determine the acute toxicity effect of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza fruit extracts in rats based on Loomis criteria. This research was an experimental research laboratory with Post Test Only Control Group Design. Ten rats were divided into two groups. The control group was fed with a standard food while the treatment group was given Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (bakau) fruit extract at a dose of 5.000 mg/kg BB. After 24 hours, two groups were observed by calculating the number of the dead rats, if there was no dead rat, they were sacrificed for an autopsy for liver histopathological examination. The result of this research showed there was no dead rat during the treatment process . Histopathological examination of rat liver cells showed no necrosis, degeneration, inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Conclusion of this research was Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (bakau) fruit had no toxic effects and could be clasified as “Practical Not Toxic†in Loomis criteria .  Keywords: Bruguierra gymnorrhiza (bakau) fruit , the acute toxicity effect, ra
Determinan Penyakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Pasien Rawat Jalan Poli Jantung dan Poli Penyakit Dalam RSD dr. Soebandi Jember (Determinants of Heart and Blood Vessel Disease at Cardiovascular and Internal Medicine Outpatients Clinic in dr. Soebandi General Hospital of Jember )
Get PDFHeart and blood vessel disease (HBVD) is a disease that attacks heart and bloodvessels that cause disorder in these organs. Heart and blood vessel disease (HBVD) is apublic health problem and is the most leading cause of death in Indonesia. Prevalence ofHBVD have increased 15% in January up to December 2014 in dr. Soebandi generalhospital. The research is done in outpatiens at cardiovascular and internal medicineclinic in dr. Soebandi general hospital in April 2015. This research aimed to describe andanalyze the risk factors of HBVD in dr. Soebandi general hospita of Jemberl. Theresearch was conducted by case control design. An age over 55 years (p=0.03), BMIwith fat (p=0.004), alcohol consumption (p=0.015), smoking habit over 10 per day(p=0,0018), and the consumption of foods with high amount of saturated fat (p=0.0018)were significant correlated with HBVD. The highest risk factor was smoking habit withover 20 per day had a risk 15,8 times higher than non-smokers, while the lowest was theBMI with fat had a risk 3,6 times higher than normal BMI.Keywords: Risk factor, Heart and blood vessel diseas
Ekstrak n-Heksana Daun Maja (Aegle marmelos) Menurunkan Kadar LDL Mencit Diabetes yang Diinduksi Aloksan (n-Hexane Extract of Maja Leaves (Aegle marmelos) Decreases LDL Levels on Diabetic Mice Induced by Alloxan)
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which characterized by hyperglicaemia due to abnormalities of carbohydrate, fat an protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Metabolic disorders are caused by diabetes induce lipolysis, resulting in changes in the levels of LDL in the blood. This research aims to know the effect of n-hexane extract of maja leaves in LDL levels in diabetic mice. Test animals were induced by alloxan 210 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally. Twenty five mice were divided into 5 groups, control negative group (CMC Na 1%), control positive group (glibenclamide suspension 0.65 mg/kg BW), and the treatment group was given 3 suspension of of n-hexane extract of maja leaves (dose of 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 800 mg/kg BW) for 14 days. The result showed that the decrease of LDL level due to N-hexane extracts of maja leaves dose 200 mg/kg BW, 400 mg/kg BW, and 800 mg/kg BW was -10,54%; 9,07%; 31,69%; respectively. N-hexane extracts of maja leaves decreases LDL levels on diabetic mice induced by alloxan with the best activity indicated by doses 800 mg/kg BW.
Keywords: Aegle marmelos, n-hexane, diabetes melitus, LDL, alloxa
Pengaruh Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise terhadap Fungsi Pernapasan (RR dan APE) pada Lansia di UPT PSLU Kabupaten Jember (The Effect of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise on Respiration Function (RR and PEFR) in Elderly at UPT PSLU Jember Regency)
Get PDFOxygenation is human major basic need for maintaining body cell metabolism, survival and activities of various body organs. Respiratory system and cardiovascular system change throughout the aging process. Decreased respiratory function will affect the fulfillment of the needs of oxygenation in the elderly. Diaphragmatic breathing exercise is one of methods to maintain and improve respiratory functions in the elderly. This research aimed to determine the effect of diaphragmatic breathing exercise on respiratory functions (RR and PEFR) in the elderly. This research is a pre-experimental research with one group pretest and posttest design. Sampling technique used purposive sampling with 14 elderly given intervention of diaphragmatic breathing exercise once a day for 14 days. The collection of data was by observation, that is, by measuring the value of RR and APE before and after diaphragmatic breathing exercise. Data analysis used dependent t-test with α=5%. The research results of statistical calculation indicated p value of 0.000 (
Daya Inhibisi Korosi Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) terhadap Kawat Thermal NiTi Ortodonti (Corrosion Inhibition of Starfruit Leaves Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) on Thermal NiTi Orthodontic Wire)
Get PDFOrthodontic wire can corrode in oral cavity. Corrosion can affect human body and feature of orthodontic wire. One way to reduce corrosion rate is using inhibitor. Natural ingredients extract inhibitor is usually preferred because it’s not harmful to environment. One of natural ingredients that can be used is starfruit leaves. This study was aimed to determine the corrosion inhibition of starfruit leaves extract on Thermal NiTi orthodontic wire. This study was an experimental laboratory research. Samples was 12 Thermal NiTi orthodontic wire which had been prepared and then divided into control group, 600 ppm group and 1000 ppm group. Then samples were measured by using a potentiostat. Results of Kruskal Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference between groups. The conclusion from this research was there were starfruit leaves extract have corrosion inhibition on thermal NiTi orthodontic wire. Keyword: corrosion inhibiton, starfruit leaf extract, thermal NiTi orthodontic wir
Optimasi Gom Xanthan dan Natrium Karboksimetilselulosa terhadap Mutu Fisik dan Laju Pelepasan Gel Meloksikam In Vitro (Optimization of xanthan gum and Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium on Physical Characteristic and In Vitro Release of Meloxicam from Gel)
Get PDFThe aims of this study was to develop and optimize the composition of xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose sodium and combination of both that fulfilled the desired requirements in the preparation of meloxicam gel. The prepared gels were evaluated in term of appearance, pH, spreadibilty, viscosity, rheological properties, homogenity and in vitro drug release of meloxicam. The gel was optimized using simplex lattice design method. Influence of gelling agent xanthan gum and carboxymethylcellulose sodium were also investigated. The data was analyzed by statistic program of design expert software trial version 9.0.3.1. All of the evaluation that has been done has fulfilled the optimum requirements desired. The optimal formulation was found the number of xanthan gum is 0.060 – 3 grams and CMC Na is 0.144 – 3 grams in every 100 grams of gels.
Keywords: gel, meloxicam, xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose sodiu
Deteksi Gelatin Babi pada Sampel Permen Lunak Jelly Menggunakan Metode Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) dan Kemometrik (Detection of Porcine Gelatin in Jelly Soft Candy Sample Using Fourier Transform Infra Red and Chemometrics)
Get PDFGelatin is widely used in some food products as gelling agent, including jelly soft candy. Most of commercial gelatin is derived from pork skin. Islam prohibits their followers to consume any food products containing pig derivates, including porcine gelatin. Therefore, it is necessary to develop some rapid and reliable methods for detection of porcine gelatin in jelly soft candy. FTIR method combined with chemometrics were chosen because it is rapid, easy and reliable. The purpose of this study was to classify of porcine gelatin in jelly soft candy using FTIR method combined with multivariate statistical methods (chemometrics). The classification method of chemometrics used to test porcine gelatin in commercial product of jelly soft candy was succesful and also in a good assessment with Xematest Pork.
Keywords: bovine gelatin, jelly soft candy, porcine gelatin, FTIR, chemometrics
Daya Hambat Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap Adhesi Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis pada Neutrofil (Inhibition of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaves Extract on Adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteria to Neutrophils)
Get PDFAdhesion process of Porphyromonas gingivalis on neutrophils significantly play a role in the onset of periodontal infection. Papaya leaves contain several active substances that might impact to bacterial adhesion. This study was aimed to determine inhibition potency of papaya leaf extract (PLE) to adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis to neutrophils and at different concentration. This was an experimental laboratories in vitro study on neutrophils cells from peripheral blood. Samples divided into 5 group: group I/control (without PLE), group II (PLE 25%), group III (PLE 50 %), group IV (PLE 75%), and group V (PLE 100%). Isolated neutrofil was incubated by PLE in 3 hours, then incubated to the P. gingivalis in 2.5 hours. The index of adhesion was determined by calculating average number of P. gingivalis on 100 neutrophils. The result found that inhibition potency of PLE was significantly different to all groups. The conclusion was PLE inhibited P. gingivalis adhesion on neutrophils; and there were differences of inhibition potency of bacterial adhesion of P. gingivalis bacteria among PLE at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% concentration, which higher concentration had higher inhibition effect. Â Keywords: adhesion, neutrophils, papaya leaf, Porphyromonas gingivali
Jumlah Fibroblas pada Luka Bakar Derajat II pada Tikus dengan Pemberian Gel Ekstrak Etanol Biji Kakao dan Silver Sulfadiazine (The Total Fibroblast on the Second Degree Burns of Rats after Treatment using Ethanolic Extract of Cocoa Beans)
Get PDFThe healing process of burns can be disturbed by bacteria and free radicals. Polyphenol (flavonoid and procyanidin) in cocoa have an antibacterial activity, antiinflammatory and antioxidants. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the cocoa beans ethanolic extract on the second degree burns healing process by measuring the number of fibroblasts. The in vivo test was done by creating a second degree burns on the mice backs then treated with either: the ethanolic extract of cocoa beans gel 8 %, Silver Sulfadiazine or Normal saline. The number of fibroblasts was counted in histopatholgy preparations. The result showed the number of fibroblasts 26.67 cells/field of view in Normal saline group; 44.23 cells/field of view in Silver Sulfadiazine group; 50.02 cells/field of view in the ethanolic extract of cocoa beans gel 8 % group. The data analysis showed significant differences between treatment groups. The conclusion was the ethanolic extract of cocoa beans affect the healing process on second degree burns and the number of fibroblasts in the ethanolic extract of cocoa beans gel 8% group was higher than Normal saline and Silver Sulfadiazine groups. Keywords: ethanolic extract of cocoa beans, polyphenols, flavonoids, procyanidin, second degree burns, Silver Sulfadiazin
Pengaruh Open Suction System terhadap Kolonisasi Staphylococcus aureus pada Pasien dengan Ventilator Mekanik di Ruang Intensive Care Unit (ICU) RSD dr. Soebandi Jember (The Effect of Open Suction System on Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Patients wi
Get PDFPatients who are treated using mechanical ventilation is more prone to pnumonia nosocomial infection. It is the highest contributing symptoms to mortality found at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The bacteria which accounts for the infection is Staphylococcus aureus. One of the avaliable treatments for preventing the incidence of pneumonia nosocomial infection is using the Open Suction System. This research employed pre-experiment design and was set using the one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling collection technique used in this research was consecutive sampling. The statistical testing employed by this research was the dependent t-test. The result showed that the p value = 0,025 < α and t value = +3,177, indicating that there was significant effect of open suction system on the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with mechanical ventilation at intensive care unit RSD dr. Soebandi Jember. Open suction system could increase the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus with an average 33,33 CFU/ml. The result of this research helps to provide consideration in fixing the Standard Operating Procedure of open suction system in patients with mechanical ventilation at ICU because open suction system has better capability to prevent pneumonia nosocomial than closed suction system if applied with appropriate procedure
Keywords: open suction system, mechanical ventilation, Staphylococcus aureus colonization