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Efek Stresor Rasa Sakit Renjatan Listrik terhadap Limfosit dan Makrofag pada Gingiva Tikus Sprague Dawley (The Effect of Electrical Shock Stressor on Lymphocytes and Macrophages in Gingival Tissue of Sprague Dawley Rats)
Get PDFBackground: Stress has negative impact for oral health and can cause periodontal disease, because the secretion of cortisol increase when stress occur. The excessive secretion of cortisol assumed to decrease the number of lymphocytes and macrophages in gingiva which play a role on immunity of oral health. Objective: To determine the effect of electrical shock stressor on the number of lymphocytes and macrophages in gingival tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley rats were given electrical shock for 7 days (S1), 14 days (S2), and 28 days (S3). Lymphocytes and macrophages observed on histological preparation in interdental gingiva between first molar and second molar used binocular microscope, 1000x magnification. Result: The results showed that the number of lymphocytes in S1 group (3,67±0,816), S2 (3,83±0,752), and S3 (3,17±0,527), also macrophages in S1 group (0,83±0,752), S2 (1,00±0,894), and S3 (0,67±0,816) were lower than the number of lymphocytes (0,67±0,816) and macrophages (2,00±0,632) in control group. The number of lymphocytes (p = 0,002) and macrophages (p = 0,033 ) had significant difference between groups. Conclusion: The electrical shock stressor decreased the number of lymphocytes and macrophages in gingival tissue of Sprague Dawley rats that could cause the oral cavity risk to periodontal infection.  Keywords: electrical shock stressor, gingiva, lymphocytes, macrophages, stres
Pengaruh Pemberian Kitosan Cangkang Udang Putih (Penaeus merguiensis) terhadap Ketebalan Trabekular Femur Tikus Wistar Betina Pasca Ovariektomi (The Effect of White Shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis) Shells Chitosan on the Trabecular Thickness of Femoral Fem
Get PDFThere are low bone density and defects in bone micro-architecture which led to a significant increases of bone fragility and bone fracture in osteophorosis, due to an oestrogen deficiency in post-menopause woman. Natural polymer which has potential action on bone remodelling is chitosan. Chitosan can reduce the production of IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and PGE2 osteoclast cell as well as increase osteoblast cell differentiation in bone formation process. The study aimed to determine the effect of chitosan white shrimp shell on the trabecular thickness of femur female wistar rats post-ovariectomy. This research was the quasy experimental laboratory research using female wistar rats that were divided into three groups; a non-ovariectomy as control, a negative ovariectomy, and an ovariectomy treatment group that was given chitosan 0,05 g/day. After 14 days, the experimental mice were euthanized and trabecular thickness was measured. There were 59,53µm, 32,44µm and 78,43µm trabecular thickness in the control group, the negative control group and the treatment group, respectively. The data were analysed using one way ANOVA and they showed a significant differences between all groups (p=0,000). It can be concluded that the chitosan of white shrimp shell can significantly increase trabecular thickness femur female wistar rats post-ovariectomy. Keywords: Osteoporosis, Chitosan, Ovariectomy, Trabecular Thicknes
Studi Fenomenologi Pemberian ASI oleh Ibu Usia Remaja pada Bayi Usia 0 Sampai 6 Bulan di Desa Karangbayat Kecamatan Sumberbaru Kabupaten Jember (Adolescent Mothers Breastfeeding in 0 until 6 month infant at Karangbayat Village Sumberbaru Sub-District Jemb
Get PDFHuman milk is the best nutrition for infant. Breastfeed adolescent mothers are population that needsspecial treatment to keep breastfeeding successfully. This study explored breastfeeding activity byadolescent mother in 0-6 month infant in Karangbayat Village Sumberbaru Sub-District JemberRegency. The research used qualitative design with phenomenological approach. Data saturationhas been reached on the sixth participant. Data was analyzed by Colaizzi method. The result found 8themes: kind of feeling, the level of feelings, causes of feeling, the kind of breastfeeding behavior,causes of non exclusive breastfeeding behavior,the sources of non exclusive breastfeedingbehavior, support factor and the belief factor. To improve exclusive breastfeeding among adolescentmother, this study suggest, health care provider must give breastfeeding counseling and education inprenatal care with family participation, a specially grandmother.Keywords: adolescent mothers, breastfeeding, qualitative stud
Aktivitas Inhibitor α-Glukosidase Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kenitu (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) (α-Glucosidase Inhibitor Activity of Ethanol Extract Kenitu Leaves (Chrysophyllum cainito L.))
Get PDFKenitu (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) grows in Jember region, East Java, with several variants which can be distinguished from the color and shape of the fruit. They are small round (BK), large round (BB), green oval (HL), and red round (MB). Kenitu leaves have been shown to provide antidiabetic activity in vivo, but the molecular mechanism still unknown yet. One of the oral antidiabetic is a class of α-glucosidase inhibitor. This research aimed to test the activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase inhibitor of several variants of kenitu leaves in Jember, as well as phytochemical screening. Simplicia powder was extracted using 70% ethanol with ultrasonication method to obtain a thick extract. α-glucosidase inhibitor activity test was carried out on the negative control solution (without extract) and the sample solution (extract) using chromogenic method. Phytochemical screening was done by TLC and tube test. IC50 value of ethanol extract kenitu leaves variant BK, BB, HL, and MB were 5.476 ± 0.039, 4.869 ± 0.018, 9.465 ± 0.012, and 11.836 ± 0.048 µg/ml, respectively. Based on the LSD test, IC50 values between variants of kenitu leaves were significantly different (p < 0,05). Phytochemical screening result showed that ethanol extract kenitu leaves contain saponin, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Those compounds were suspected to contribute on α-glucosidase inhibitor activity, but more study still needed to isolate the active compounds and evaluate each isolate for its α-glucosidase inhibitor activity.
Keywords: α-glucosidase inhibitor, kenitu leaves, ethanol extrac
Uji Sitotoksisitas dan Proliferasi Senyawa 1-(4-nitrobenzoiloksi- metil)-5-fluorourasil terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara MCF-7 (Cytotoxicity and Proliferation Studies of 1-(4-nitrobenzoyloxy- methyl)-5-fluorouracil) on Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7)
Get PDF1-(4-nitrobenzoyloxymethyl)-5-fluorouracil (4-NFU) is a derivative of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) which has been substituted by alkyl, ester, benzene, and nitro groups at N1 position. 4-NFU has been synthesized by Kurnia but anticancer study has not been reported. This research aims to compare the cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity between 4-NFU and 5-FU on MCF-7 cells. The cytotoxicity and antiproliferative activity were studied by MTT method. The cytotoxicity study was done for 24 hours. The antiproliferative study was done for 24, 48, and 72 hours. The result showed that cytotoxicity activity of 4-NFU (IC50 = 134.039 μM) was higher than 5-FU (IC50 = 4211.508 μM) on MCF-7 cells. Based on the unpaired t test, there was a significant difference between IC50 of 4-NFU and 5-FU (α<0.05). The antiproliferative study showed that there was a growth inhibition on MCF-7 cells. The doubling time value of 4-NFU was 290.51 hours at ½ IC50; 350.97 hours at IC50; and 418.2 hours at 1½ IC50. The doubling time value of 5-FU was 185.99 hours at ½ IC50; 214 hours at IC50; and 220.63 hours at 1½ IC50. The doubling time value of 4-NFU was higher than 5-FU so that antiproliferative activity of 4-NFU was higher than 5-FU on MCF-7 cells.
Keywords: 1-(4-nitrobenzoyloxymethyl)-5-fluorouracil, cytotoxicity, proliferation, MCF-7
 
Hubungan Nilai Aliran Puncak Ekspirasi (APE) dengan Kualitas Tidur pada Pasien PPOK di Poli Spesialis Paru B Rumah Sakit Paru Jember (Correlation between Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) and Sleep Quality of Patient with COPD at B Lung Specialist Unit of
Get PDFChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by obstruction to airflow that is persistent and progressive. Shortness of breath and low PEFR is major problem in COPD. Shortness of breath during sleep can increase reticular activating system and release norepinephrine which cause waking state and sleep disorder. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between PEFR and sleep quality in COPD patients.The study design was correlation analytic with cross-sectional approach involving 53 patients as a sample. Data were collected by using peak flow meter to measure PEFR and PSQI questionnaire to measure quality of sleep. Data were analyzed by using Spearman rank test with significance level of 0.05. The result showed that the average value of PEFR was 41.09% and more than half of respondents (71.7%) had PEFR value in red zone category. Mean value of sleep quality was 18.62 and all of respondents had sleep quality in poor category. The p value was 0.000 (p <α) with r value = -0,876. It indicates that there was significant correlation between PEFR and sleep quality in COPD patients. Nurses should provide appropriate intervention to improve PEFR so that COPD patients can have better sleep quality.  Keywords: PEFR, sleep quality, COP
Hubungan antara Tingkat Kecemasan dengan Kualitas Hidup pada Pasien Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) yang Menjalani Hemodialisis di RSD dr. Soebandi Jember (Correlation between the Level of Anxiety and Quality of Life of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients
Get PDFChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a chronic disease that results in the progressive decline in renal function and irreversible. Patients with end stage CKD requiring hemodialysis therapy. CKD patients who undergo hemodialysis therapy largely experiencing symptoms of anxiety and changes in quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the anxiety level and the quality of life of patients with CKD during hemodialysis therapy at dr. Soebandi Regional Hospital Jember. Research using Cross Sectional Design with the total number of respondents as many as 30 people and was carried out in November 2015. The respondent's anxiety level was measured using a HARS questionnaire and assessment of quality of life using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The results revealed respondents with mild anxiety were 16,67% (10% with good quality of life and 6,67% with bad quality of life), respondents with moderate anxiety were 40% (10% with good quality of life and 30% with bad quality of life), and respondents with severe anxiety were 43,33% with bad quality of life. Spearman correlation test showed the significance (p) 0,00 with correlation coefficient (r) – 0,517. Thus, it can be concluded that there was a correlation between the level of anxiety and quality of life of CKD patients during hemodialysis therapy at dr.Soebandi Regional Hospital Jember.  Keywords: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), hemodialysis, anxiety, quality of life
Pengembangan Time-Temperature Indicator Berbasis Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) sebagai Sensor Penurunan Kualitas Susu Sapi Akibat Kesalahan Suhu Penyimpanan (Development of Time-Temperature Indicator Based on Mangosteen Rind (Garcinia
Get PDFAnthocyanin is reddish purple pigment found abundantly in fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Time-temperature indicator (TTI) based on anthocyanin extracted from mangosteen rind was developed for monitoring quality of cow's milk, especially fresh milk stored at room temperature. TTI consists of two membranes, namely indicator membranes and acetic acid membranes. Extract of mangosteen rind and sodium hidroxide solution was also co-immobilized onto Whatman filter paper to make indicator membrane, while acetic acid solution was also separately immobilized onto filter paper obtain acetic acid membrane. Color changes as TTI's responses were monitored directly using both visual inspection and quantitative measurement via color image analysis using ImageJ software. The color changes were further correlated with cow's milk freshness parameters such as pH, smell, and number of microbial. Fresh cow's milk quality spoiled after 4 hours stored at room temperature and color changes of TTI to bright yellow occured after 4 hours of exposure at room temperature. The result shown that the TTI can be applied for monitoring quality of cow's milk stored in room temperature.
Keywords: mangosteen rind, TTI, cow's milk quality
 
Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Cuka Apel 'A' terhadap Kadar SGOT dan SGPT Serum Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis Toksik (Hepatoprotector Activities of 'A' Apple Vinegar to SGOT and SGPT Serum in Wistar Rats Induced by Toxic Dose of Paracetamol)
Get PDFThe use of a toxic dose of paracetamol is able to generate free radicals in the form of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) resulting in increased levels of hepatic transaminase enzymes, Serum glutamate oksaloasetat transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT). 'A' apple vinegar contains antioxidants such as polyphenols, and vitamin C as well as acetic acid that were thought to have hepatoprotector effect which expected to prevent liver damage caused by NAPQI. The purpose of this study was to determine hepatoprotective activity of 'A' apple vinegar to SGOT and SGPT serum levels in wistar that induced by toxic dose of paracetamol. This study used 27 wistars wich were divided into three groups. The results of this study showed that average values of SGOT/SGPT in the normal control group were 79.00/113.89, negative control group were 289.67/296.22, treatment group were 180/194.44. Statistical test performed by using One Way Anova test for SGOT data and Kruskal Wallis test for SGPT. From the results it can be concluded that the administration of 'A' apple vinegar has hepatoprotective activity to SGOT and SGPT serum levels in wistar rats induced by toxic dose of paracetamol.
Keywords: Apple vinegar, hepatoprotector, antioxidant, Paracetamol, Transaminase
 
Optimasi Kombinasi Polietilen Glikol dan Polivinilpirolidon sebagai Bahan Pembawa pada Dispersi Padat Glibenklamid dengan Desain Faktorial (Optimization of Polyethilen Glycol and Polyvinylpirolidone Combination as the Carrier in Glibenclamide Solid Disp
Get PDFGlibenclamide is a second-generation sulfonylurea which indicated for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Glibenclamide included in class II of BCS, a drug that have a good permeability but low in solubility. One of techniques that can be used to increase the solubility of glibenclamide is solid dispersion technique. This study was aimed to determine the effect of PEG 6000 and PVP K-30 combination on the melting point of solid dispersion, release of glibenclamide in solid dispersion and the optimum composition of their combination with factorial design method. Melting point response tested using melting point apparatus and percent release response tested by in vitro dissolution test. The results showed that increasing PEG 6000 and PVP K-30 will decrease melting point response and increase percent release response. The optimum composition of those combination was 700 mg of PEG 6000 and 1000 mg of PVP K-30 which provided the smallest melting point at 159,333oC and greatest release as 97.9067%. The optimum composition was characterized using FTIR, DSC and SEM.
Keywords: glibenclamide, PEG 6000, PVP K-30, solid dispersion, factorial desig