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Optimasi Hidroksipropil Metilselulosa dan Mentol pada Sediaan Gel Dispersi Padat Ibuprofen–Polietilenglikol dengan Metode Desain Faktorial (Optimization of Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose and Menthol in Ibuprofen Gel Solid Dispersion-Polyethyleneglycol usi
Get PDFIbuprofen is included in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) which is used for the treatments of arthritis and inflammation. Ibuprofen gel is an effective approach evading ibuprofen's side effect in GI tract and first pass effect. The aims of this study was to determine the effect of HPMC and menthol combination on viscosity, penetration flux and to obtain the optimum formula.The gel evaluations were organoleptic testing, pH, viscosity, spreadibility test, assay of ibuprofen gel, and in vitro penetration rate. In vitro penetration testing used the paddle type dissolution tester. Furthermore ibuprofen which penetrated through rat skin were analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Ibuprofen gel were prepared into four formulas based on factorial design and the data were analyzed using design expert trial 9.0.3. The viscosity testing of F1, Fa, Fb, and Fab were 183.30 ± 14.433,261.67 ± 16.07, 158.33 ± 7.637, and 310.0 ± 13.23 dPa.s. The in vitro penetration rate of F1, Fa, Fb, and Fab were 0.7225, 0.6716, 1.5587 And 1.0702 µg/cm2.minutes. It can be concluded that Fb has the optimum formula.
Keyword: optimization, HPMC, menthol, factorial design
 
Pengaruh Terapi Kompres Dingin Terhadap Nyeri Post Operasi ORIF (Open Reduction Internal Fixation) pada Pasien Fraktur di RSD Dr. H. Koesnadi Bondowoso (The Effect of Cold Compress Therapy toward Post Operative Pain in Patients ORIF Fracture in RSD Dr. H.
Get PDFFracture is a break of continuity of bone, usually caused by trauma or physical exertion. Pain is themost common complaint in patients with fracture. One of the interventions that can reduce fracturepain is giving cold compress using a towel put in ice cubes mixed with water and put it on the skinthat do for 10 minutes. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of cold compresstherapy against post operative pain in patients ORIF fracture. This research method was preexperimental with one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique was quota samplinginvolving 10 respondents. The independent variable was cold compress therapy and dependentvariable was post operative pain. The data were analyzed using wilcoxon test with significant levelof α = 0,05. Mean of respondent pain score before intervention was 3,7 and score after interventionwas 2,9. The result showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest (p = 0,005). Thisresult indicates that there is significant effect of cold compress therapy on post operative pain inpatients ORIF fracture. Nurse was suggested to apply cold compress therapy as one ofinterventions to decrease post operative pain in patients ORIF fracture.Keywords: ORIF, cold compress, post operative pai
Hubungan Persepsi Mahasiswa tentang Profesi Keperawatan dengan Motivasi Melanjutkan Pendidikan Profesi Ners di PSIK Universitas Jember (The Correlation of Student Perceptions About Nursing Profession with Motivation to Continuing Professional Education at
Get PDFProfession education is part of the professional education that must be passed after completingacademic education. However, there are still some students who don’t continue this professioneducation. Students perceptions about the nursing profession is one of the factors that can influencestudent’s motivation for continuing professional education. This research is aimed to analyze thecorrelation of students' perceptions about the nursing profession with the motivation of continuingnurses professional education in School of Nursing, University of Jember. This research has beenimplemented with using correlational descriptive with cross-sectional approached. The samplingtechnique used was simple random sampling, with samples in total of 97 students. Statistical test inthis research is using Chi-Square. The research’s result showed that the students who have anegative perception about the nursing profession are 52.6%. Students who have less motivation forcontinuing nurses professional education are 50.5%. The research result showed that p-value(0,003 <0.05) which means that there is a relationship between students' perceptions about thenursing profession with the motivation of continuing nurses professional education. Many factorscan affect the motivation of students, one of them is perception. Perception is a personal attributethat is generated by the cognitive abilities of a person. Perception is a crucial factor formation of thebehavior of individuals as well as student motivation for continuing nurses professional education.Recommendation of this research is socialization of nursing and professional program are neededas an earlier integral of professional education.Keywords : perception, nursing profession, motivatio
Optimasi Konsentrasi Hidroksipropil Selulosa dan Polivinilpirolidon dalam Sediaan Buccal Film Simvastatin (Optimization Of Hydroxypropyl Cellulose and Polyvynylpyrolidone Concentration in Simvastatin Buccal Film)
Get PDFSimvastatin, an antihyperlipidemia drug belongs to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has extend first-pass metabolism and low bioavailability (5%) with 95-98% protein bond and short half-life (2 hours). The problem of low bioavailability can be solved by buccal delivery systems with producing simvastatin mucoadhesive buccal film. Concentration of HPC and PVP can affect the value of simvastatin release and mucoadhesive strength of film. Optimization using factorial design method determine the optimum concentration of HPC and PVP with highest simvastatin release and mucoadhesive strength. Solvent casting method used for preparation of 4 formula according to factorial design. The result was formula A (FA) with HPC and PVP concentration ratio (50: 10) gave the highest simvastatin release at 95.41% and the highest mucoadhesive strength at 73.37 grams. FTIR analysis results of FA indicated that there were no change in the functional groups on simvastatin as an active ingredient, and the mucoadhesive residence time showed that FA buccal films can be attached to the goat buccal tissues for 186 minutes. Keywords: Buccal film, mucoadhesive, simvastatin, HPC, PVP, factorial design.Â
Pengaruh Perendaman Kawat Nikel-Titanium Termal Ortodonti dalam Minuman Teh Kemasan terhadap Gaya Defleksi Kawat (The Effect of Immersion Thermal Nickel-Titanium Archwire in The Bottled Tea Drinks to The Archwire Force Deflection)
Get PDFBackground: The acidic salivary pH cause potentially undergo orthodontic wire constituentmetal ions release. The release of metal ions can affect the quality of orthodontic wire.Objective: To analyze the effect of immersion thermal NiTi archwire in the bottled tea drinks tothe archwire force deflection. Material and Methods: The sample size were 12 round thermalNiTi orthodontic archwires (3M; 0,016 inch) which divided into three groups: a control group(artificial saliva), a group of bottled tea drinks and bottled tea drinks of fruit flavors. The sampleswere immersed in an incubator for 10.5 hours at 37 ° C. The deflection test used Three-PointBending method with a Universal Testing Machine in each group. Results and Conclusion:The results of One Way ANOVA test obtained value of 0.768 (p>0.05) which indicates that nosignificant difference in each group. The conclusion from this study is the bottled tea drinks cannot affect the force deflection of thermal NiTi orthodontic archwires.Keywords: Bottled tea drinks, Force deflection, NiTi thermal archwir
Daya Antibakteri Kombinasi Kitosan Cangkang Udang Putih (Litopenaeus vannamei) dan Siprofloksasin terhadap Salmonella typhi (Antibacterial Activity of Combination of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Shells Chitosan and Ciprofloxacin against Salmonella
Get PDFyphoid fever is an acute infectious disease in the intestinal tract caused by Salmonella typhi. The prevalence of typhoid fever in Indonesia in 2013 was 81% per 100,000 population. Ciprofloxacin is a large-spectrum antibiotics, but in some countries ciprofloxacin has been known to be resistant to S. typhi. Therefore, other methods are needed to improve the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin by combining with chitosan. Chitosan is a polysaccharide which known to be effective in some positive and negative Gram bacteria and able to overcome the resistance of some antibiotics. The research objective was to determine the effect of antibacterial and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the combination of Litopenaeus vannamei chitosan and ciprofloxacin against S. typhi. The method used to obtain the value of the MIC was microdilution method with quasy-experimental research design and posttest only control group design. MIC which already been obtained then used to find the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) using a checkerboard test to interpret the effect of the combination. The MIC combination showed different results in each repetition that chitosan: 15.63 to 62.5 µg/mL and ciprofloxacin from 0.03 to 0.5 µg/mL and known to have a smaller value than the MIC single. While the value of FICI from 5 repetitions was 0.476. So, it could be concluded that the combination of chitosan and ciprofloxacin has an antibacterial effect on S. typhi and have a synergistic combination effect.
Keywords: Salmonella typhi, chitosan, ciprofloxacin, microdilution method, checkerboard test.
 
Hubungan Merokok Bernikotin terhadap Penurunan Volume Saliva pada Perokok di Kabupaten Tulungagung (Relationship of Smoke Containing Nicotine to Decrease in the Volume of Saliva in Smokers at Tulungagung District)
Get PDFBack Ground: Nicotine is one of the contents of cigarette that bad for health. Nicotine has an influence on the nervous system, which one led to decrease in saliva production. Object: Tulungagung is a district where has a high number of smokers, also there is an identical smoking habit called nyethe. The aim of this study was to determine relationship of the effect of smoking that contains nicotine to decreased in saliva production. Method: The research method used an analitic obsevational study with cross sectional observation. The study was conducted by taking saliva samples of 100 smokers and 100 non smokers at district Tulungagung. Result: The pearson correlation test result showed that the significancy value (sig (2-tailed)) was 0.00 which was smaller than α (0.05) and had a value of peason correlation 0f -0,566. Conclusion: The test result obtained from the pearson correlation was able to explained that nicotine had a relation with saliva volume decreased. The result showed that smoke containing nicotine had influence on reducing the volume of saliva, more often smoke containing nicotine so the lower volume of saliva produced.
Keywords: cigarette, nicotine, saliva, tulungagung
 
Perbedaan Tingkat Kecemasan Pasien Berdasarkan Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Tingkat Pendidikan dan Pengalaman Pencabutan Gigi Di RSGM FKG Universitas Jember (The Differences Patients Anxiety Level Based on Age, Sex, Education level and Tooth Extraction Experience at Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember)
Get PDFTooth extraction is a surgery treatment which involves bone tissue dan soft-tissue structure of oral cavity. The procedure of the tooth extraction causes the highest dental anxiety. Among the factors to affect one’s anxiety level are age, sex, education level, as well as the experience of taking tooth extraction. The objective of this research is to find out the variance of the degree of patient’s anxiety level based on age, sex, education level and tooth extraction experience at Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember. This research used analytical survey design with retrospective approach. The subject of this research is the entire patients who visit the Oral Surgery section toperform tooth extraction during the period of January to March 2016. This research employed consecutive sampling as its sampling collection technique. As many as 86 respondents are taken as the sample of this research. Sample is measured using questionnaire regarding the anxiety level prior the extraction. Results of this research reveal that 49 patients experience anxiety prior to the tooth extraction treatment. Analysis is performed using Mann-Whitney statistics, resulting in the value of 0,903 and 0,334 (p>0,05), while the Kruskall Wallis testing demonstrates the value of 0,004 and 0,001 (p<0,005). The conclusion of this research states that the variance among the patients’ anxiety level based on age and education level exist. Meanwhile, regarding similar level of anxiety, sex and the experience of tooth extraction at the Dental Hospital University of Jember do not exist, respectively.Keywords: Tooth extraction, dental anxiet
Uji Antibakteri secara Klinis Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dalam Saluran Akar Gigi Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Clinically Antibacterial Test of Pod Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) in Dental Root Canal Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFBackground. Root canal irrigation is important for debridement and disinfection in rootcanal treatment to eliminate population of microorganisms that exist in the root canal.Irrigation materials must be biocompatible and can not cause biological response.Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pod Mangosteen extractas alternative root canal irrigation materials to eliminate bacterial colonies. Method. Thisresearch was experimental study with post test control group design. The method wasdone by counting the number of mix bacterial colonies in the media used colony countertool. 24 samples were divided into 4 groups, they were 80% pod mangosteen extract,100% pod mangosteen extract, 2.5% NaOCl and distilled water. Results andConclusions. Pod mangosteen extract with 100% concentration had antibacterialcapabilities similar to 2.5% NaOCl. Pod mangosteen extract (Garcinia mangostana L.)was able to eliminate mix bacteria in root canals.Keywords: biocompatible, irrigation materials, the mangosteen peel extract, the numberof mix bacterial colonie
Pengaruh Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok Sosialisasi (TAKS) terhadap Kemampuan Interaksi Sosial pada Lansia dengan Kesepian di Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia (PSLU) Jember (The Effects of Socialization Group Activity Therapy (SGAT) toward Ability of Social Intera
Get PDFElderly are people who over the age of 60 years old. The aging process of elderly will reduce the normal function of the body. This situation can make ability of social interaction being down and elderly feel lonely. Socialization Group Activity Therapy (SGAT) aims to increase the social relationship in the group gradually. The aim of this research was to analyze the effects of SGAT toward ability of social interaction of elderly with loneliness at nursing home Jember. This research used pre experimental method with one group pretest posttest design. There were 19 elderly who participate as the samples of this research. The samples were taken by using purposive sampling technique. The data were analyzed with dependent t-test, with the increasing of the average value ability of social interaction was 14,11 (22.3 - 37.32). The ability of social interaction of elderly with loneliness after getting SGAT was 94,7% had a good ability of social interaction. The result showed that p value = 0,0005 (CI 95%). The conclusion is there were significant effects of SGAT toward ability of social interaction of elderly with loneliness at nursing home Jember. This research recommended the SGAT to increase the ability of social interaction of elderly with loneliness.
Keywords: Elderly with Loneliness, SGAT, Ability of Social Interaction