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Efek Penambahan Vitamin C terhadap Aktivitas Klindamisin dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Streptococcus pneumoniae secara In Vitro
Get PDFPneumonia is one of the lower respiratory tract infection involving respiratory bronchioles and alveoli that mostly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.Clindamycin is one of the drug of choice for pneumoniae. This drugs inhibits the growth of S. pneumoniae by producing ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). Recent study has shown that vitamin C could generate ROS leading to DNA-damage on bacteria. The aims of this study was to know the possible benefit effect of adding vitamin C towards clindamycin inhibition activity against the growth of S. pneumoniae in vitro. This research was conducted by using 7 groups which consist of negative control (aquades), positive control (clindamycin), and test group 1 until 5 that given the combination of clindamycin and vitamin C as follows 2,5 mg/ml; 5 mg/ml; 10 mg/ml; 20 mg/ml; and 40 mg/ml. The inhibition effect of growing S. pneumoniae shown by the inhibition zone diameter. The average of inhibition zone on negative control, positive control, and test group were 5; 24,12; 24,62; 26,08; 27,58; 28,74; and 29,76 mm. These result show a significant correlation based on Pearson test (the coefficient correlation’s result is +0,910). The logarithmic regression revealed the minimal concentration of vitamin C was 1,767 mg/ml. It can be concluded that vitamin C increased the activity of clindamycin by inhibiting the growth of S.pneumoniae in vitro.
Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae, ROS, Clindamycin, Vitamin C
 
Optimasi Propilen Glikol dan Etanol sebagai Peningkat Penetrasi Ibuprofen dalam Sediaan Gel dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design (Propylene Glycol and Ethanol Optimization as Ibuprofen Penetration Enhancer in Gel Dosage using Simplex Lattice Design Metho
Get PDFIbuprofen is a non-steroid anti inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for rheumatoid arthritis treatment. In this study, formulation, evaluation, and optimization of ibuprofen gel formula were conducted in order to determine the best ibuprofen penetration rate through the rats skin using propylene glycol and ethanol as penetration enhancers and to find out the optimum formula to get the best penetration rate with simplex lattice design method. Evaluations included organoleptic, pH, viscosity, gel dispersive, assay of gel formulations, and ibuprofen penetration rate assay. Penetration rate was determined by paddle type dissolution and the samples were analyzed by spectrophotometry UV-Vis. The results of ibuprofen penetration rate assay were analyzed and optimized using design expert trial version 10. The results of ibuprofen penetration rate were F1 1.524 ± 0.121 µg/cm2.minute; F2 1.945 ± 0.0104 µg/cm2.minute; and F3 1.173 ± 0.216 µg/cm2.minute. Penetration rate optimization resulted in one optimum solution formula which was 18.000% propylene glycol and 12.000% ethanol with a maximum flux of 1.957 ug/cm2.minute and desirability 1. It can be concluded that the best ibuprofen penetration rate was F2 with flux 1.945 ± 0.0104 µg/cm2.minute with 15% propylene glycol and 15% ethanol.
Keywords: gel, ibuprofen, propylene glycol, ethanol, simplex lattice design
 
Terapi Suportif Meningkatkan Motivasi untuk Melakukan Operasi Katarak pada Pasien Katarak di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tempurejo Kabupaten Jember (Supportive Therapy to Increase Motivation to Undergo Cataract Surgery on Patients with Cataract in the Area of
Get PDFCataract was an eye disease that could induce cloudy eye lens. The lack of motivation within innerself caused patients to be reluctant to undergo cataract removal surgery which could makeblindness rate keep increasing. Supportive therapy was a form of therapy used on individuals onpatients with difficulties in solving their problems. The purpose of this study was to analyze theeffects of supportive therapy on motivation to undergo cataract removal surgery on patients withcataract. This study used pre-experimental, one-group pre-test design. Sample-obtaining techniquewas purposive sampling with 15 patients. Supportive therapy was given in three meetings. The firstand second session were grouped together as one meeting with the duration of 30-35 minutes foreach session. The third and fourth session were grouped together as one meeting with the durationof 30-35 minutes for each session. Data were analyzed by using dependent t test and showed adifference between pre-test and post-test with p value = 0,001 (p value < 0,05). The result showedthat there was an effect of supportive therapy on motivation to undergo cataract removal surgery inpatients with cataract. This study suggests nurses to give supportive therapy to patients withphysical or psychological problem.Keywords: cataract, supportive therapy, motivatio
Hidrolisis Protein Isolat Biji Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) menggunakan Alkalase Terimobilisasi dan Aktivitasnya sebagai Antihipertensi (Hydrolysis of Melinjo Seed (Gnetum gnemon L.) Isolated-Protein using Immobilized Alcalase and Its Activity as Antihyper
Get PDFHypertension is ranked third on the cause of death in Indonesia for all ages (6.8 %). Protein isolate of melinjo seeds (Gnetum gnemon L.) hydrolyzed with free alcalase has been known to have antihypertensive activity. However, the use of free alcalase is uneconomical since it can only be used once, thus we studied the immobilized alcalase effectivity to hydrolise the melinjo seeds protein isolate to be used as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. The immobilization method used entrapment method with DMDMOS/TMOS as matrix. Characterization of the immobilized enzyme was observed by FTIR and effectiveness of repeated hydrolysis was observed by the value of the degree of hydrolysis. The success of the hydrolysis process was determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Antihypertensive activity test was determined by the ability to inhibit ACE. The results showed that the alcalase has been immobilized in the matrix of silane and SDS-PAGE protein profile showed melinjo seed proteins had been successfully hydrolyzed. Hydrolysis process repeatedly demonstrated that immobilized alcalase was effective to hydrolyze protein isolates of melinjo seeds twice. Based on ACE inhibitory test, there were no significant differences between the protein isolate hydrolyzed by immobilized alcalase (Gg-PH), protein isolates hydrolyzed with free alcalase (Gg-PHB), and captopril. These findings suggest that the antihypertensive activity in Gg-PH is the same with that of captopril.
Keywords: hypertension, antihypertensive, melinjo, enzymes immobilization, ACE inhibitor
 
Praktik Higiene Personal dan Keberadaan Bakteri Escherichia coli Pada Tangan Penjual Petis (Studi di Pasar Anom Kecamatan Sumenep Kabupaten Sumenep) Personal Hygiene Practice and Existence of Escherichia coli Bacteria In Fish Paste Seller’s Hand (Study in
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Personal hygiene practices in food processing must be considered as a potential source of food handlers in the transfer of microorganisms that can cause food contamination. Fish Peste is the commodity from the fish processing which is usually used as a side dish or a typical mix of traditional food. On the other hand, fish paste is a food that is served without reheating and directly without the use of tools such as spoons or plastic gloves so it can be potentially contaminated with bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Research is aimed to identify how the personal hygiene practices and the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria on the hands of the fish paste sellers placed in open containers in Anom Market of Sumenep district of Sumenep regency. The research was descriptive with quantitative approach. The sample uses a total sampling of 15 respondents fish paste seller. The results of this study indicate that the practice of personal hygiene, most of the 12 respondents categorized of adequate personal hagiene practices, among others from contagious diseases, nails and hands hygiene, hair hygiene, clothing hygiene, wash hands thoroughly, and use tools when handling food. From the results of laboratory test, the samples hands of fish paste seller there were 3 respondents were positive presence of Escherichia coli.
Keywords: Personal Higyene Practice, Fish Paste, and Escherichia coli Bacteria
 
Hubungan antara Profilaksis Kotrimoksazol dan Prevalensi Toksoplasmosis pada Pasien HIV Positif di Jember (The Association Between Prophylactic Cotrimoxazole and the Prevalence Toxoplasmosis in HIV-Positive Patients in Jember)
Get PDFHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is a high mortality disease and the number of patients is increasing recent days. Based on dr. Soebandi Jember Hospital report in 2015, there were 1,492 HIV patients and 455 people received antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. Toxoplasmosis is one of opportunistic infections commonly found in HIV patients in central nervous system. WHO has issued guidelines for the use of cotrimoxazole as prophylaxis in HIV positive people. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and the incidence of toxoplasmosis. This research was a case control study with retrospective approach and used chi-square analysis. The results showed that most patients were male (57%), 20-29 years in age (50%), and 41-60 kg in weight (64%). Based on the CD4 level, most HIV patients were less than 350/mm3 (96%) and total lymphocite count (TLC) also less than 1,200/mm3 (42%). There were 1 patient from 76 patients with cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and 7 patients from 52 patient without cotrimoxazole prophylaxis who developed toxoplasmosis. Based on chi-square analysis, cotrimoxazole prophylaxis reduce the incidence of toxoplasmosis in HIV positive (p-value 0,004).
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, prophilaxis therapy of cotrimoxazole, toxoplasmosis infection
 
Hubungan Tingkat Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut dengan Karies pada Nelayan di Pesisir Pantai Watu Ulo Kabupaten Jember
Get PDF Activity to cleanse and refresh the teeth and mouth is oral hygiene. Caries and periodontal disease will occure if not treating well, so they need to do the treatment to maintain the oral health. Fishermen usually sail in the afternoon and return in the next morning, sometimes they stay in the sea for a day. This situation causes the lack of attention of oral hygiene and increases the occurrence of dental caries. Researcher interests to analyze the relationship of oral hygiene levels with the caries of fishermen at Dusun Watu Ulo, Sumberejo Village, Jember District, East Java. This study performs oral hygiene examination using OHI-S index and caries examination using DMF-T index. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of oral hygiene with caries in fishermen at the coast of Watu Ulo Beach, Jember District.This observational analytic research was conducted by cross sectional approach. The method for sampling used Cluster Sampling. he average score of OHI-S fishermen at Watu Ulo coastal Jember District was 3.90 (bad category) and the average DMF-T index score was 3.10 (medium category). There was a weak relationship between oral hygiene with caries.
Keywords: Oral hygiene, Caries, OHI-S, DMF-T, Fishermen
Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Afirmasi terhadap Stres Mahasiswa yang Menempuh Skripsi di Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Universitas Jember
Get PDFOne of stressor in college students is taking a final project as a graduation requirement. The body'sresponse toward stress includes a rise of heart rate, diarrhea and insomnia. One of stressmanagement is affirmation relaxation (AR) technique. This research aimed to analyze the influenceof AR technique towards stress on students who take a final project in Faculty of Nursing, UniversityOf Jember. This research used a quasi experiment with Pretest-Post test approach and controlgroup design. Sampling technique that used is purposive sampling with respondent divided into twogroups, the treatment group and control group with 15 respondents for each group. Data wasanalyzed by using Dependent t test and Independent t test with 95% CI. The result showed thatthere was a significant difference stress before and after given AR technique within average 19,2 to10,87 (p = 0,001). Mean while, there was no significant difference of stress between pretest and posttest in control group within average 18,73 to 18,4 (p = 0,841). Overall, there was a difference ofstress between treatment group and control group (p =0,02, α = 0,05). The AR techniques reducestress because it can influence the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves to produce endorphinehormone. The conclusion of this research is there was an influence of AR technique towards stresson students who Taking a Final Project in Faculty of Nursing University of Jember.Keywords: affirmation relaxation technique, stress, final project
EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUNGA KAMBOJA PUTIH (Plumeria alba. L) SEBAGAI DENTURE CLEANSER TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN Candida albicans PADA BAHAN BASIS GIGI TIRUAN NILON TERMOPLASTIK (Valplast) Effectiveness Of Cambodia White Flower Extract (Plumeria alba L.) As Dent
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Background: Nylon thermoplastic (Valplast) is a flexible denture base that is used in the denture. The problem that often occurs in the use of denture namely the denture stomatitis are commonly caused by C. albicans. Denture cleanser is needed to prevent denture stomatitis by lowering the amount of C. albicans. Recently, denture cleanser from natural materials is being develope, one of them is cambodia white flower (Plumeria alba L.) extract. Cambodia white flower (Plumeria alba L.) contains bioactive compounds that are antibacterial and antifungal. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of immersion extract of cambodia white flower (Plumeria alba L.) with various concentrations as denture cleanser to amount of C. albicans in nylon thermoplastic (Valplast). Material and Methods: 25 plates nylon thermoplastic (10x10x1mm) were prepared and divided into 5 groups. The plates then contaminated with C. albicans, after that it was soaked in cambodia white flower extracts with varying concentrations for 30 minutes. The plates are subsequently placed in SDB media. Method to test the effectiveness of extract was done by looking at the SDB media turbidity with a spectrophotometer. Results and Conclusion: Cambodia white flower extract was effective in lowering the amount of C. albicans in denture base thermoplastic nylon. Cambodia white flower contained tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid and saponin which acted as antifungal that could decrease the amount of C. albicans.
Keywords: Antifungal, Candida albicans, Nylon Thermoplastic and Cambodia White Flower
 
Pengaruh Diabetes Self Management Education and Support (DSME/S) terhadap Diabetes Distress pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di RSD dr. Soebandi Jember (The Effect of Diabetes Self Management Education and Support [DSME/S] on Diabetes Distress in Patie
Get PDFDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that requires a continous self-care. A low level ofknowledge about self-care can worsen health condition and cause diabetes distress. The continuingstress can cause hyperglycemia that lead to complications of DM. DSME/S is a structured healtheducation that facilitates DM patients in implementing and maintaining their behavior for sustainableself-care. This research aimed to analyze the effect of DSME/S on diabetes distress in patients withtype 2 DM. This research was quasi experimental with non randomized control group pretestposttest design. Thirty respondents in this study were divided into 15 respondents as theintervention group and 15 respondents as the control group by consequtive sampling technique.DSME/S was conducted in 6 sessions: 4 sessions in the hospital and 2 sessions at respondent'shouse. The data were analyzed by using dependent t test and independent t test with significancelevel of 0.05. The result of dependent t test revealed a significant difference of diabetes distressbetween pretest and posttest both in the intervention group (p=0.001) and in the control group(p=0.046). Furthermore, independent t test showed a significant difference between interventiongroup and control group (p=0.001). The decrease of diabetes distress was higher in the interventiongroup than control group. This result indicates that there was a significant effect of DSME/S ondiabetes distress in patients with type 2 DM. Nurses are expected to apply DSME/S as a dischargeplanning to reduce diabetes distress in patients with type 2 DM.Keywords: diabetes distress, DSME/S, Diabetes Mellitu