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RISK ANALYSIS OF TENDER PRICE INCREASE USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) (CASE STUDY : PT INTI PRIMA TEKNIK)
No full textWith the more advanced science and technology today, competition in the business world shows a rapid increase. This competition requires companies to have a strategy to win the competition, one of which is by winning the project auction. In a project auction, the cost aspect is one of the primary considerations in the construction project implementation process because it involves a large amount and is susceptible to risk. The beginning of cost control is from the estimation process. Inaccurate cost estimates will have a negative impact on the entire construction process. Because the estimate is a reference in preparing a budget and is used as a control for project costs, an analysis of the dominant risk is needed to be used as a basis for mitigation.PT Inti Prima Teknik is a company engaged in manufacturing spare parts and services, especially in the form of metal and rubber. The projects undertaken by PT IPT come from state-owned companies located in West Sumatra. To get the project, a tender auction is required with several competitors. In the continuation of the tender auction, PT IPT had to experience several defeats because its value was small compared to other companies. This study aims to determine the risks that cause a price increase in the tender offer to cause defeat.By using qualitative methods, it is hoped that this research can provide benefits to the organization. This study's primary data came from interviews with company leaders and several high-ranking officials who were directly involved in the formulation of tender prices. Secondary data were collected from company documents related to the tender auction. Then the data will be processed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP.) Method.The results of the AHP found that five candidates were the causes of the tender defeat. Later, it can be used as an additional parameter in formulating the price at the next tender auction.Keywords: Analytical Hierarchy Process, AHP, Service Business, Decision Making, Risk Managemen
Business Process Redesign and Automation for Apotek Semoga Jaya
No full textAbstract, Information system implementation gives advantages to business activities in a company. SMEs to large scale businesses are competing to implement an information system in their business. Information system implementation in a business can increase the benefit from data management and information flow in their operational activities. Apotek Semoga Jaya or known as ASJ is one of the pharmacies in Padang City which still implement a manual approach for their activities. This condition makes ASJ get a problem with warehouse management. Undetected medicine stock-out makes ASJ have potential lost sales by more than one billion rupiahs in a year. Root cause analysis is implemented to get the initial cause of the ASJ’s problem. From the root cause analysis, there is no specific regulation to prevent unrecorded transactions in ASJ. Implementation of an information system comes as the solution for the ASJ’s problem. Implementation of an information system needs to consider the people, process, and technology (PPT) aspects in ASJ. The business process redesign heuristic is implemented to improve the business process on ASJ which involves PPT aspects. The implementation of the solution will be using the PDCA cycle to monitor the effectiveness of the solutions in ASJ.Keywords: Information systems, root cause analysis, business process redesign heuristic, PPT aspect, PDCA cycle
Packaging Redesign of Zitrolin Film Coated Caplet 500 mg Production of PT Otto Pharmaceutical Industries to Increase Brand Awareness
No full textPT. Otto Pharmaceutical Industries in its production process produces more ethical medicines than OTC. The consideration is that the product is more widely used and in demand by the public. The ethical drug production process at PT Otto Pharmaceutical Industries must be made well, one of which is by making good and attractive product packaging. Product packaging design is a representation of the product. Good packaging is able to give a positive impression on the company's products and brands. With the growth of a positive image, it will be able to encourage the level of product sales (Anggoro, 2000: 59).The unit of analysis in this study is ethical drug packaging design and corporate image. This study seeks to see the extent to which ethical drug packaging designs can improve the company's image of PT. Otto Pharmaceutical Industries and in the end was able to increase sales of these ethical drug products.Quantitative methods are used in this study. Researchers collect data from several sources to achieve goals with appropriate and relevant information, namely primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by means of researchers preparing a questionnaire about the opinion of respondents about the packaging of Zitrolin Selaput 500 mg capsules. The respondents are doctors and marketing personnel. Secondary data was obtained by collecting information from the internet, literature and articles related to research. This study uses six criteria according to Keller (2013:171) as research indicators which include: Memmorability, Meaningfullness, Likalibility, Transfarability, Adaptability and Protectability.The results showed that the packaging design of Zitrolin Selaput 500 mg capsules was in the "Good" category. The "Good" category was able to maintain the position of Zitrolin Selaput 500 mg Caplet in the ethical drug market position for two years (2019 and 2020), but this condition cannot be tolerated because the market tends to be dynamic, the competition is getting tougher. The market position of Zitrolin Sealed Caplet 500 mg in 2019 and 2020 is below the top of mind by five brands, namely: Ziromax produced by PT Pfizer, Mezatin produced by PT Sanbe Farma, Zycin produced by PT Interbatt, Zithrax produced by PT Kalbe Farma and Zibramax produced by PT Guardians. The market position of Zitrolin Selaput 500 mg capsules needs to be improved, so that it does not continue to be below the top of mind of the five brands or even lose in the competition because the product brand is unknown or forgotten. Efforts to improve it need to be carried out in an optimal and planned manner towards the ""Very Good"" category. Keywords: Packaging, Brand, Design, Ethical, Zitrolin Film Coated Caplet 500 mg
BUSINESS STRATEGY FORMULATING FOR SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE GROWTH (CASE STUDY IN HELLIKOPI)
No full textHellikopi is a micro scale business located in Bandung, Gegerkalong Hilir area. Hellikopi is a small coffee shop that sells drinks such as coffee and other soft drinks. The challenges faced by Hellikopi was to achieve its growing goals in the coffee business often hampered due to the decline in the center of competitiveness caused by the market share of saturated premium coffee and the rapid growth of the premium coffee business, which has the potential to decrease the hellikopi market share. This research was conducted to create a business strategy for Hellikopi in order to increase its competitiveness with both old and new competitors.The current issue faced by the hellikopi is that there is no strategy or plan to be able to compete or develop in an industry that is very competitive, especially the internal problems of the Hellikopi organization which often lead to management errors, especially in terms of financial records which result in a significant imbalance of net income with net income by recording financial assets. This could threaten the operation of the hellikopi so that over time the hellikopi will bankrupt and close if the business issue not immediately resolved.The purpose of this research is to be able to formulate a strategy to the solution of the problems faced by the hellikopi. By using internal analysis and external analysis using interview data, survey data, sources from the internet researchers can formulate SWOT analysis so that researcher can find each SWOT element in the hellikopi so that researchers can find the root of the problem faced by the hellikopi. After finding the root of the problem faced by hellikopi, the researcher continuing the SWOT analysis to the next stage that was TOWS analysis so that researchers can formulate the right strategy for hellikopi use based on the SWOT component owned by the hellikopi so the output strategy formulated by this study is product and service quality control (ST2 ), new collaborative products or services (ST1), utilization of digital platforms (WO1 & SO1), utilization of online motorcycle taxi platforms (WO2), creating a collaborative push culture (SO2), creating effective organizations (WO3) Keywords: Small Medium Enterprises, Five Stage of Small Business Growth, Restructuring Organization, Coffeeshop, Creative Econom
Propose Corporate Performance Management System In PT CDE
No full textPT CDE, is one of the original aerospace companies in Asia with core competencies in aircraft design and development, aircraft structure manufacturing, aircraft production, and aircraft services for civil and military light and medium aircraft. However, in recent years CDE has had a fluctuating performance, company face several challenges to develop performance management system to maintain corporate performance to achieve targets and further to achieve the vision and corporate mission.The performance management system proposed using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) framework by Kaplan and Norton (1992), Performance Prism (PP) Neely (2002) and Wibisono's Integrated Performance Management System (IPMS) (2003) from the three frameworks will be proposed. the most suitable framework to be proposed will be used by CDE. It is hoped that implementing this performance management system can help solve the problems faced by CDE. Each perspective has measurable indicators to measure its achievement. Knowing the achievement of each indicator is expected to become a monitoring system which is the starting point for further analysis and can be used as input for decision making for management. Keywords: performance management system; Balanced Scorecard (BSC); Performance Prism (PP); Integrated Performance Management System (IPMS
Improvement of Managing Collateral Documents for Micro Segment at PT Bank XYZ
No full textBank XYZ currently has 109 strongrooms spread throughout Indonesia, and strongroom management managed by Retail Credit Operations Group (RCO) and this research will focus on micro segment at RCO Bandung. The factors that influence the strongroom capacity are collateral document storage procedures, systems and human resources. Improper management of collateral documents will have an impact on potential of collateral loss and also cost expansion in the revitalization or opening of a new strongroom. The root cause of lack of strongroom capacity was identified by using CRT. The lack of strongroom capacity is caused by an ineffective document storage model, the systems that have not been integrated and the behavior of employees who disorderly administration in monitoring paid-off debtors. By using the credit file folder, it is estimated that in 2023 strongroom's capacity will be overloaded by 1,241 documents of micro debtors. This is because the systems have not been integrated, so that neither RCO Bandung nor the Micro Unit has been able to monitor which debtors are active and debtors paid-off through the system and also the Micro Unit does not monitor paid-off debtors. By using BCOR, the author can find out the Benefit, Cost, Opportunity and Risk of the solution to be applied. By changing the storage model into a stacking method, it is estimated that the strongroom capacity of RCO Bandung can accommodate documents up to more than 2026 with the remaining strongroom capacity of 17,572 documents of debtors. It is estimated that the systems development will be completed in early 2022, so that both RCO and MBG can monitor the status of debtors and the achievement of the migration of legal documents credit and collateral of micro debtor. Keywords: Strongroom Capacity, CRT, stacking method, systems integration, BCOR
The Role of Managers in R&D Organizational Networks. Are They Knowledge Workers or Bureaucrats?
Get PDFAbstract. In today’s competition-driven world, competitive advantage is the only way for an organization to survive. There are various ways to gain a competitive edge through the application of knowledge, technology, and science. Indonesian public research and development (R&D) faces numerous challenges, one of which is researchers’ low productivity in terms of international journal publications. To boost research productivity and performance, efforts must be made to streamline knowledge flows within public R&D institutions. Additionally, data from dynamic information flows in networks can be used to evaluate bureaucratic effectiveness and identify potential knowledge talents or actors within R&D organizations. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of managers at all levels in a public R&D organization in coordinating information flow through knowledge networks and bureaucratic relationships. The social network analysis (SNA) technique was used to map managers’ role in aligning knowledge flows in an Indonesian public R&D organization. Individuals were classified according to their type and centrality in the network, and network metrics such as “degree of centrality,” “eigenvector centrality,” and “clustering coefficient” were determined. It was found that the organization has some issues with knowledge flows and power distribution. The two distinct knowledge flow patterns, one for knowledge-seeking and the other for administrative knowledge, do not appear to be synchronized. The director of the R&D center is assumed to be less influential than the top manager in terms of knowledge and bureaucratic influence. At the managerial level, clique tendency is lower, while it is higher at the nonmanagerial level. Such centralization and cliques are dangerous because managing knowledge cannot be handled by a single person in a knowledge-intensive organization such as an R&D institution. Additionally, it was discovered that middle managers are critical for knowledge-seeking purposes, whereas administrative managers dominate the bureaucratic role. The research implications are dependent on deciphering the complexities of knowledge flows among employees and the variables that influence the knowledge-transfer process within an organization. This issue will exacerbate the problem by decreasing productivity and increasing reliance on a small number of people. Additional research is required to generalize the findings to other Indonesian R&D institutions.Keywords: Bureaucracy, knowledge management, social network analysi
Optimal Capital Structure for PT XYZ
Get PDFPT XYZ is one of the biggest construction companies in Indonesia. Currently, PT XYZ only had a total amount of cash for 1,213 trillion IDR. It is not enough to pay the bond obligation that is due in September 2021 with the amount of 1,661 trillion IDR. Currently, PT XYZ (PERSERO) Tbk. has a Debt to Equity ratio of 339%, while based on the annual report of PT XYZ, the stock and debt holders of PT XYZ (PERSERO) Tbk. require PT XYZ (PERSERO) Tbk. to have a debt-to-equity ratio below 300%. To solve both problems above, PT XYZ needs to refinance their capital structure, in order to get the lowest cost of capital of funds that will be used to seek source of funding to pay the bonds obligation, also to fulfill the contract requirements with the debtholders. This research will use weighted average cost of capital (WACC) method, the cost of debt method that will be used is Damodaran (2020) model and the cost of equity method that will be used is capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The result of this paper is PT XYZ needs to decrease their debt level to 18%. Keywords: Optimal Capital Structure; Weighted Average Cost of Capital; Debt and Equity Ratio; Constructio
Multi Criteria Decision Making for Selecting Cost Reduction Project to Substitute the Compression Cost in PLN Muara Karang
Get PDFThere is a potential decrease in profits of PT. Perusahaan Gas Negara Tbk (PGN) after the company carried out the government's assignment to implement ministerial decree No.89 and No.91. One of the root causes required strategic decision making in the form of selecting a cost reduction project to substitute the Compressor fee. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to apply Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in project selection. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach was chosen in project selection by looking at the benefits of AHP compared to other methods. AHP is done by applying pairwise comparisons to give weight to the 10 selected sub-criteria. The next process is continued by quantifying alternative parameters. The last step is to calculate the priority index by multiplying each sub-criteria weight by the respective rating for each alternative. Taking into account the results of the calculation for the six alternatives, it is recommended that PGN carry out a negotiation process (alternative #5 and Alternative #6) that provides the greatest benefit and zero Capex. However, alternative #1 (extend the pipeline 3 km) must also be started in parallel so that if the negotiation fails, PGN still get Incremental profit from cost reduction. Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), MCDM, Project Selection, Cost Reductio
Brand Equity Of Analysis To Improve Immunization Clinic Visit At PT Bio Farma (Persero) Bandung
Get PDFImmunization have saved more lives on earth than any other approach in history. Immunization is one of public healthcare most effective and efficient innovation, and delivers positive health, social, and economic benefits indirectly. Despite the advantages of vaccines, global immunization coverage remains to stagnate. To help increasing the immunization services coverage, Bio Farma has develop new brand for immunization services clinic called Imunicare. We identified the key business issue of Imunicare is declining of customer visit in consumer segment after establishment of Imunicare.This study aims to discover the main cause of declining visit trend in Imunicare consumer segment, and then to evaluate factors that can increase customer visit of Imunicare. We have explored business issue based on conceptual framework, began with problem identification then do the business environment analysis, consist internal and external analysis. Both internal analysis and external analysis will be integrated to develop SWOT analysis for the business unit. From the study we found that the root cause of declining visit trend in Imunicare consumer segment are there is limited number of products, place of Imunicare cannot seen directly by customer, low awareness in Imunicare service brand and digital process to need be fixed to improve customer experience process.Previous study shows that there was an influence between brand equity and customer visit. We did further analysis on brand equity. For the brand equity research, we did measurement based on Aaker approach on Brand Equity methodology. There are five dimension that we use to measure brand equity for this study, Brand Awareness, Brand Association, Brand Loyalty, Perceived Quality, and Uniqueness. The highest factor that influences brand equity of Imunicare was brand Awareness (Beta Coefficient: 0.439). It can be concluded that brand awareness significantly affects patient visits to Imunicare. Brand association appears to have the lowest brand equity ranking of the five dimensions. Keywords: Marketing Strategy; Immunization; Clinic; Vaccination; Brand Equity