Tesa Arsitektur, Journal of Architectural Discourses
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Balé-Balé: “Archetype” Arsitektur Tradisional Bali Aga Di Desa Pengotan (Balé-Balé: “Archetype” Of Bali Aga Traditional Architecture At Pengotan Village)
Full text linkAbstract:
Bali Aga traditional settlements at Pengotan village, on one hand, exhibits variety of architectural expression, but at the other hand, reveals uniformity in ordering space and house form. All traditional houses in earlier phase are uniform because they are erected according to standardized building customs. Availability of cheaper new building materials and practical construction methods have induced Pengotan people to renovate their traditional houses in present architectural style. This research is to investigate the changing process of house form and to which extent these changes have modified traditional building system. Do inhabitants tend to preserve traditional style or adopt recent architecture. The investigation has indicated that traditional bamboo benches are key preconception of space and form design in Bali Aga traditional houses. Layout system of benches inside and outside the house persisted even though the house has endured renovation. Along the way, the tradition of putting bamboo benches in front the house has induced the concept of verandah in the house. Since traditional houses are placed uniformly in a row, the new verandah has created a long open space for leisure and common activities where people have a free visual and audial access to neighbours.
Keywords: balé-balé; Bali Aga; traditional architecture; interactive social space; verandah
Abstrak:
Arsitektur rumah tradisional Bali Aga di Pengotan berkaitan erat dengan sumber daya alam di sekitarnya dan pola kegiatan penghuni yang dipengaruhi oleh pandangan hidupnya. Permukiman tradisional Bali Aga di desa Pengotan pada satu sisi memperlihatkan keragaman arsitektur, namun pada sisi yang lain memperlihatkan konsistensi dalam tata atur ruang dan bentuk bangunan. Semua rumah, pada awalnya, dibangun dengan mengikuti ketentuan adat sehingga arsitektur semua bangunan adalah seragam. Adanya bahan bangunan baru dan teknologi membangun yang lebih mudah dan murah mendorong orang untuk merenovasi bangunan yang mulai lapuk. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana perubahan bentuk rumah berlangsung, serta bagian mana dari bangunan yang cenderung tetap dan mana yang berubah. Selain itu, pertanyaan penelitian adalah apakah perubahan ini memberikan dampak bagi keberlanjutan rumah tradisional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa balé-balé bambu merupakan komponen bangunan yang menentukan susunan ruang dan bentuk bangunan. Konsep penempatan balé-balé bambu dalam bangunan tidak pernah mengalami perubahan walaupun rumahnya menjadi berubah karena direnovasi. Dalam proses renovasi konsep balé-balé bambu melahirkan konsep ruang yang baru, yaitu ruang teras di depan rumah. Keberadaan ruang teras ini menjadikan halaman rumah sebagai ruang sosial yang interaktif dan produktif.
Kata kunci: balé-balé; Bali Aga; arsitektur tradisional; ruang interaksi sosial; ruang tera
Persepsi, Preferensi dan Perilaku Masyarakat Terhadap Konsep Ecodesign Lanskap Permukiman
Full text linkPopulation growth in large cities in Indonesia increased demand for housing in urban areas. It might cause in interference to natural landscape of the city. Cities are required to be a comfortable inhabited place and concern to environmental sustainability. Ecodesign concept approach planning is an alternative that could be done to improve quality of the environment. The principle of ecodesign concept is the integration design in designing environment that integrates man-made design with natural design. The method used was collecting residents’ perception in three urban housing in West Bogor District, Bogor City, which are Bumi Menteng Asri, Griya Melati, and Pakuan Regency. There are two aspects related with ecodesign concept: ecodesign concept micro scale and ecodesign concept macro scale. Based on the survey (n = 90), only 39% of the respondents know about the definition of ecodesign concept of settlement landscape. Although most of respondents don’t know about the concept, there are still evidence of behaviors related with ecodesign concept. Generally, the ecological and esthetical condition in those three study location are in good condition. The result of correlation test shows that there is no any significant correlation between perception, preference, and behavior. Ecology and esthetic aspect are correlated positively only at Bumi Menteng Asri. Participation from the user is the main factor in order to create ecodesign concept of settlement landscape
Rumah Inkremental Melayu di Tepi Sungai Siak, Pekanbaru: Penerapan Struktur dan Material Berbasis Kemampuan Masyarakat di Area Banjir
Full text linkABSTRACT
This paper propose a design approach of residential houses using incremental Malay house method, strat from core house and incrementally thrive some support spaces. Indonesia is an Austronesian culture countries, it can see that the river gives full support on Siak community life in Pekanbaru. Hence, it creates the river banks used for residential areas makes overcrowded, dirty and slums area. Guideline for Untidiness Level Identification shows that to solve this problem is to utilize the community's ability to meet the needs of residential house where the concept of incremental wither suitable for use. The house consists basic needs of the inhabitants: main bedroom, MCK, and living room. Supporting spaces such as additional room, porch, and a economic space can be added later in accordance with economic circumstances of occupant. House design using the stilts system using concrete tube foundation to prevent flooding due to their location on the banks of the Siak River. The house is also equipped with T Pikon-H as a sanitation system that can be applied in high water level areas.
Keywords: River settlements, Flood responsive building, Malay house, Incremental method
ABSTRAK
Tulisan ini memaparkan pendekatan desain yang digunakan untuk merancang hunian rumah Melayu dengan menerapkan metode inkremental yang meliputi ruang rumah inti dan ruang penunjang. Pemanfaatkan sungai Siak sebagai penunjang kehidupan masyarakat Pekanbaru memperlihatkan pengaruh budaya Austronesia pada bangsa Indonesia. Tepian sungai menjadi tempat berkembangnya areal permukiman, sehingga kepadatan penduduk bertambah dan berdampak kekumuhan pada area bantaran sungai. Pedoman Indentifikasi Tingkat Kekumuhan (PU) menawarkan penyelesaian permasalahan ini dengan pendekatan kemampuan masyarakat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hunian. Rumah inti sebagai cikal hunian terinspirasi dari rumah Melayu, terdiri atas kebutuhan utama penghuni yaitu kamar tidur, MCK, dan ruang keluarga. Ruang inti direncanakan berkembang dengan mempertimbangkan metode inkremental pada rumah Melayu dengan penambahan ruang- ruang penunjang seperti kamar, serambi atau ruang tamu, dan tempat usaha sesuai dengan keadaan ekonomi penghuni. Rumah ini dirancang menggunakan sistem panggung dengan pertimbangan lokasi yang terletak pada tepi Sungai Siak dengan menggunakan pondasi buis beton untuk mengantisipasi banjir. Rumah juga dilengkapi dengan T Pikon-h sebagai sistem sanitasi yang dapat diterapkan pada wilayah dengan muka air tinggi seperti area tepian Sungai Siak.
Kata Kunci: Permukiman sungai, Bangunan tanggap banjir, Rumah melayu, Metode inkrementa
Pemanfaatan Area Pekarangan Sebagai Lanskap Produktif di Permukiman Perkotaan
Full text linkPotential of yard area in urban settlements can be developed into an area that supports food security and also support the creation of a better city micro-climate. At this time, the size and shape in the yard in urban settlements is very varied, as well as variations in the types of plants. This research aims to reveal what kind and size of the yard and identifies in relation to the needs of the plants to grow. In this case, analysis of crop needs to grow is done by looking at the type of plants and the way of cultivation. This research collecting data by field observations, measurements, drawing, interviews and taking photographs. The research findings show a variety of shapes and sizes of yard area, as well as variety of plants and cultivation method. The research also found that the yard in the urban settlements is a naturally growing yard that is not developed by design. Based onfindings of research, we provide recommendation to design development of the yard
Structural Value Of Empyak
Full text linkABSTRACT
Empyak is a part of the traditional building that must be developed to preserve its existence. This paper explores the impact of construction method and structural behavior of empyak. The identification of how structurally work is essential as a primary information to develop the construction of empyak. Initially, a model with scale 1:3 was made to understand structural behavior under the seismic simulation. Some observation will be done to find out the changing of its shape under seismic forces. The results of this research are limited to understand the function of every element in the building stability. The result of the study will be useful for the development of traditional architecture. Empyak not only regards as a construction element but also as a structural element, which is the subject of the study.
Keywords: Empyak, structure, construction, bamboo
ABSTRAK
Empyak adalah salah satu elemen bangunan tradisional Yogyakarta yang perlu dilestarikan. Artikel ini membahas mengenai konstruksi empyak terhadap perilaku struktur bangunan keseluruhannya. Bagaimana empyak bekerja sebagai elemen struktural perlu dipelajari untuk dikembangkan dengan metode yang lebih modern. Pemahaman mengenai perilaku struktur empyak dilakukan dengan pengamatan model konstruksi dibawak berbagai karakter pembebanan. Observasi terhadap model berfungsi untuk mengetahui perubahan bentuk setelah dilakukan pembebanan. Penelitian ini dibatasi pada fungsi-fungsi struktural setiap elemen empyak untuk mendapatkan bangunan yang stabil. Penelitian ini bermanfaat untuk memahami bagaimana nilai-nilai konstruksi dan struktur yang ada dalam konstruksi empyak.
Keywords : Empyak, struktur, konstruksi, bamb
A Healthy-Productive Dwelling Model Based On Optimizing Of Space
Full text linkABSTRACT
This research has a long-term aim to help the government’s program in alleviating poverty and creating a healthy environment. The aim will be achieved by an implementation and trial of existing Optimizing of Space based on occupancy profiles. The trial and implementation were performed by using modeling techniques, both 3D graphic model and mock up model. The modeling techniques were performed through a design experiment process in a laboratory. It was selected based on the characteristics of the low economic, education and knowledge capacities, and the low level of awareness of the society in the slum areas. The result of the research is a healthy and productive dwelling model for the occupants. This innovation of a healthy and productive dwelling model can be a frame of reference for a mass dwelling establishment or construction done by the government, private companies (CSR), or NGOs in order to upgrade the slum areas and alleviate poverty.
Keywords: poverty; slum area; modeling.
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan jangka panjang untuk membantu program pemerintah dalam pengentasan kemiskinan sekaligus menciptakan permukiman dan lingkungan yang sehat dan berkelanjutan. Tujuan ini akan dicapai melalui pengimplementasian sekaligus pengujian Konsep Optimalisasi Ruang berbasis profil penghuni yang telah ada. Implementasi dan pengujian Konsep Optimalisasi Ruang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pemodelan, baik model 3D grafis maupun maket (mock up). Metode pemodelan dilaksanakan melalui proses eksperimentasi desain di laboratorium. Metode pemodelan dipilih berdasar karakteristik kemampuan ekonomi, pendidikan/pengetahuan, dan tingkat kesadaran masyarakat yang tinggal di kawasan permukiman kumuh yang masih rendah. Hasil penelitian adalah model hunian yang produktif dan sehat bagi penghuninya. Temuan inovasi model hunian produktif dan sehat ini dapat dijadikan acuan untuk pembangunan/pengadaan hunian massal yang dilaksanakan melalui program pemerintah, swasta (CSR), ataupun swadaya masyarakat untuk penataan permukiman kumuh dan pengentasan kemiskinan.
Keywords: kemiskinan; permukiman kumuh; pemodela
Modifikasi Rumah Kolonial Untuk Usaha Mandiri Di Semarang
Full text linkABSTRACT
Semarang city there are many residential buildings built in the colonial period. Colonial dwelling house is spread in various areas of Semarang city, such as in the residential area of Candi in the upper city. This area in the colonial period is an elite residential area with a fairly large building area of about 1000 m2 which is planned as a water absorption area for water reserves in the lower cities. Some colonial residential buildings today have been converted to function as a place of business such as café or restaurant. The transfer function of the residential building into a place of business is done by modifying the existing space adjusted for the space character for the type of business. The purpose of this study is to know how the modification of the colonial house, especially in the spatial in maximizing space as a place of independent business. The research was conducted by descriptive method, with the sample taken by purposive. The results showed that the modification of the colonial house to independent business is manifested in the change of function of the living room into a space of business which is adapted to the specificity of its business activity. In addition, the addition and alteration of building materials is used to emphasize the main functions of the business. While in general plan of building of main house stay tends not change.
Keywords : colonial house, modification, independent bussiness
ABSTRAK
Kota Semarang terdapat banyak bangunan rumah tinggal yang dibangun pada masa kolonial. Rumah tinggal kolonial tersebut tersebar diberbagai wilayah kota Semarang, diantaranya di kawasan permukiman Candi di kota atas. Kawasan ini pada masa kolonial merupakan kawasan permukiman elit dengan lahan bangunan yang cukup luas sekitar 1000 m2 yang direncanakan sebagai daerah peresapan air untuk cadangan air di kota bawah. Beberapa bangunan rumah tinggal kolonial saat ini telah dialih fungsikan sebagai tempat usaha seperti café atau restoran. Alih fungsi bangunan rumah tinggal menjadi tempat usaha dilakukan dengan memodifikasi ruang yang ada disesuaikan untuk karakter ruang untuk jenis usahanya.
Tujuan dari studi ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana bentuk modifikasi rumah kolonial khususnya dalam tata ruang dalalamnya dalam memaksimalkan ruang sebagai tempat usaha mandiri. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metoda deskriptif, dengan sampel diambil secara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa modifikasi rumah kolonial untuk usaha mandiri diwujudkan dalam perubahan fungsi ruang – ruang tempat tinggal menjadi ruang tempat usaha yang disesuaikan dengan kekhususan kegitan usahanya. Selain itu, penambahan dan perubahan material bangunan digunakan untuk memberi penekanan pada fungsi utama pada kegiatan usaha tersebut. Sedangkan secara umum denah bangunan rumah tinggal utama cenderung tidak berubah.
Kata Kunci : Kolonial, Usaha, Modifikas
PERILAKU PENGGUNA RUANG PUBLIK DI KOMPLEKS MILITER BATALYON ARTILERI MEDAN 10 BOGOR
Full text linkThe military settlement (ksatrian), is an area where soldiers live with their families. Arrangements within military settlement generally feature a firm, rigid, static and monotonous to maintain private boundaries. But often the boundaries become unclear because in the public areas are also found the same ambiance. Not optimal use of public space due to the citizens' resentment becomes the trigger of the problem. To re-optimize the role of public space in the life of the citizens of ksatrian, an analysis is needed to perform a rearrangement based on the needs of the user, physical facilities, thermal comfort and visual aesthetic. This research through 3 (three) stages that is location observation, behavior setting analysis with person-centered mapping approach and recommendation in 4 (four) location observation. Prominent activities found in all public spaces are cycling, chatting, running, feeding children, playing kites, playing jump rope, soccer, and basketball. In each observation area found activity that is not in accordance with the function of the space. The mismatched landscape usage is caused by the non-fulfillment of recreational facilities that the residents need. Proper landscape element arrangement can result in good interaction between users and the landscape as a basis for improving the quality of the battalionThe military settlement (ksatrian), is an area where soldiers live with their families. Arrangements within military settlement generally feature a firm, rigid, static and monotonous to maintain private boundaries. But often the boundaries become unclear because in the public areas are also found the same ambiance. Not optimal use of public space due to the citizens' resentment becomes the trigger of the problem. To re-optimize the role of public space in the life of the citizens of ksatrian, an analysis is needed to perform a rearrangement based on the needs of the user, physical facilities, thermal comfort and visual aesthetic. This research through 3 stages that is location observation, behavior setting analysis with person-centered mapping approach and recommendation in 4 location observation. Prominent activities found in all public spaces are cycling, chatting, running, feeding children, playing kites, playing jump rope, soccer, and basketball. In each observation area found activity that is not in accordance with the function of the space. The mismatched landscape usage is caused by the non-fulfillment of recreational facilities that the residents need. Proper landscape element arrangement can result in good interaction between users and the landscape as a basis for improving the quality of the battalion
PENGARUH PERAWATAN PRASARANA, SARANA, DAN UTILITAS TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENGHUNI PADA KAWASAN PERUMAHAN DI SURABAYA
Full text linkDevelopers undertake construction and maintenance of public facilities, social facilities including infrastructure, facilities and utilities in housing estate. The purpose of the maintenance is to increase the value of housing and to comfort the residents. This study aims to identify and evaluate the influence of the types of maintenance undertaken by the developers on the satisfaction of the residents.Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to housing residents in Surabaya who have lived at least 1 (one) year. The surveyed housing estate has an Environmental Management Agency.The number of respondents obtained are about 100 people with convenience sampling technique.Data processing using SEM-PLS and Kendall’s way analysis of non-parametric test. The results showed that residents of housing estate in Surabaya were satisfied with the maintenance done by the developer. The three types of maintenance that have been performed byEnvironmental Management Agencyare considered good by residents, including corrective maintenance, routine maintenance, and cosmetic maintenance. Furthermore, residents of housing in West Surabaya even showed a higher level of satisfaction with the maintenance done by each BPL than residents in East Surabaya and South SurabayaDevelopers undertake construction and maintenance of public facilities, social facilities including infrastructure, facilities and utilities in housing estate. The purpose of the maintenance is to increase the value of housing and to comfort the residents. This study aims to identify and evaluate the influence of the types of maintenance undertaken by the developers on the satisfaction of the residents. Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to housing residents in Surabaya who have lived at least 1 (one) year. The surveyed housing estate has an Environmental Management Agency. The number of respondents obtained are about 100 people with convenience sampling technique. Data processing using SEM-PLS and Kendall’s way analysis of non-parametric test. The results showed that residents of housing estate in Surabaya were satisfied with the maintenance done by the developer. The three types of maintenance that have been performed by Environmental Management Agency are considered good by residents, including corrective maintenance, routine maintenance, and cosmetic maintenance. Furthermore, residents of housing in West Surabaya even showed a higher level of satisfaction with the maintenance done by each BPL than residents in East Surabaya and South Surabaya
Kenyamanan Termal Rumah Tinggal Vernakular Di Wilayah Lereng Gunung; Studi Kasus Dusun Kabelukan, Desa Candi Yasan, Kecamatan Kertek, Kabupaten Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah
Full text linkIndonesia has a humid tropical climate with many different topographies, which is makes it has a very striking temperature difference. Wonosobo is one of the regencies in Central Java which is located in a mountainous region with the air temperatures is between 14.3 - 26.5 degrees C. Kertek is one of the districts in the Wonosobo regencies which is located at an altitude of 700 m - 1,150 m above sea level, with the temperature during the day ranged from 26 deg.C - 29 deg.C and at the night 20 deg. C - 22 deg. C. Kabelukan is a village in the Kertek district area which is located on a mountain slope with hilly topography. The settlement environment is the result of vernacular architectural products with the uses of natural ventilation.Thermal comfort is a condition in which a human feels comfort in their environment which is achieved by conditions of air temperature, humidity, wind movement, use of clothing and activities. This factor will be examined by qualitative rationalist methods supported by quantitative data. Primary data is taken from temperature, humidity and wind measurements, analyzing the floor plans and also have an interview with the residents supported by secondary data.The result is for looking a ventilation system that has not been fully utilized that makes the humidity level is high and above of comfort zone level. This is happened because peoples who live there (residents) have adapted to their environment and get used to live with these environmental conditions. So they need to be directed and advised when they want to make or repair their house to paying attention on the ventilation placement in order to obtain the maximum level of thermal comfort.Indonesia has a humid tropical climate with many different topographies, which is makes it has a very striking temperature difference. Wonosobo is one of the regencies in Central Java which is located in a mountainous region with the air temperatures is between 14.3 - 26.5 degrees C. Kertek is one of the districts in the Wonosobo regencies which is located at an altitude of 700 m - 1,150 m above sea level, with the temperature during the day ranged from 26 deg.C - 29 deg.C and at the night 20 deg. C - 22 deg. C. Kabelukan is a village in the Kertek district area which is located on a mountain slope with hilly topography. The settlement environment is the result of vernacular architectural products with the uses of natural ventilation.Thermal comfort is a condition in which a human feels comfort in their environment which is achieved by conditions of air temperature, humidity, wind movement, use of clothing and activities. This factor will be examined by qualitative rationalist methods supported by quantitative data. Primary data is taken from temperature, humidity and wind measurements, analyzing the floor plans and also have an interview with the residents supported by secondary data.The result is for looking a ventilation system that has not been fully utilized that makes the humidity level is high and above of comfort zone level. This is happened because peoples who live there (residents) have adapted to their environment and get used to live with these environmental conditions. So they need to be directed and advised when they want to make or repair their house to paying attention on the ventilation placement in order to obtain the maximum level of thermal comfort